南方鲶肌肉,鳔及胡子鲶肌肉的水解和游离氨基酸研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

陈定福 《西南大学学报(自然科学版)》1994,16(3):237-239

本试验测定了南方鲶肌内和鳔及胡子鲶肌肉的水解氨基酸和游离氨基酸含量，并对其营养价值进行了比较，评价。  相似文献   

Pubertal development of male African catfish,Clarias gariepinus. In vitro steroidogenesis by testis and interrenal tissue and plasma levels of sexual steroids     

J. E. B. Cavaco  J. G. D. Lambert  R. W. Schulz  H. J. Th. Goos 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1997,16(2):129-138

In fish, sex steroids initiate and/or accelerate the maturation of the brain-pituitary-gonad axis. In order to obtain information on the steroid milieu during the pubertal development of male African catfish, we have monitored the conversion of [³H]-pregnenolone and [³H]-androstenedione by testis and [³H]-pregnenolone by interrenal tissue fragmentsin vitro. Pubertal development occurs between two and six months of age. Testicular development proceeds through four main stages that are characterised histologically by the presence of spermatogonia (stage I), spermatogonia and spermatocytes (stage II), spermatogonia, spermatocytes and spermatids (stage III), and all germ cells including spermatozoa (stage IV). 11β-Hydroxyandrostenedione and cortisol were the main products of testes and interrenal tissue, respectively, in all stages of the pubertal development; a change in the steroidogenic pattern was not observed during this period. The interrenal tissue displayed no significant conversion of [³H]-pregnenolone to 11-oxygenated androgens. Blood plasma was analyzed for the presence of five androgens; testosterone, 11β-hydroxytestosterone, 11β-hydroxyandrostenedione, androstenetrione, and 11-ketotestosterone. 11-Ketotestosterone was the quantitatively dominating androgen in the circulation at all stages of development, which was more pronounced in stages III and IV. The obvious differences between thein vitro andin vivo results, namely 11β-hydroxyandrostenedione being the main testicular productvs. 11-ketotestosterone dominating in the blood, may indicate that 11β-hydroxyandrostenedione is converted to 11-ketotestosterone at extratesticular sites.  相似文献   

Nutrient digestibility studies in Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch), Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus) and C. gariepinus (Burchell)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Nazura Usmani  Ahmad Khalil Jafri  & M Afzal Khan 《Aquaculture Research》2003,34(14):1247-1253

The apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC %) for protein in catfishes, Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus) (16–18 cm; 45–50 g), C. gariepinus (Burchell) (21–22 cm; 60–65 g) and Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch) (10–12 cm; 10–15 g) was estimated for nine feedstuffs of plant and animal origin. Fat digestibility was tested for C. batrachus and C. gariepinus, wherein the influence of feeding frequency on protein digestibility was also examined. The digestibility trials were conducted with triplicate groups of 25 fish each in 70‐L polyvinyl indoor flow‐through (1–1.5 L min^?1) circular tanks (water volume=55 L). Fish were fed to satiation daily, at 08:00 and 18:00 hours, and faecal matter was collected through slow siphoning. For studying the effect of feeding frequency, fish were fed the experimental diets at 08:00, 11:00, 14:00 and 17:00 hours. The protein digestibility of the feedstuffs varied significantly within each test species. However, the protein digestibility values for most of the ingredients tested were comparable between the three catfish species. The most efficient utilization of protein in these fishes was noted for soybean meal followed by lab‐prepared fishmeal. The lowest protein digestibility was recorded for rice bran. Similarly, the utilization of fat from the feedstuffs was also significantly different within each of the two species, C. batrachus and C. gariepinus. Fat digestibility of feed ingredients was similar between the two species. With respect to the fat, soybean meal, lab‐prepared fishmeal, full‐fat soybean meal and dried fish were more efficiently utilized, while the lowest fat digestibility was obtained for rice bran. A marked decline in protein utilization was observed in the two species where the feeding frequency was increased from two to four times a day.  相似文献   

胡子鲇肥大细胞的组织化学及形态学   总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9       下载免费PDF全文

杨筱珍  高登慧  许乐仁 《中国水产科学》2003,10(2):106-110

以成年胡子96(Claris fuscus lacepede,体重1.5kg)为研究材料，通过组织化学与形态学研究证实，肥大细胞在胡子鲇肠粘膜与粘膜下数量较多，在头肾和胸腺中也有少量分布，并有沿血管周分布的倾向。肥大细胞以Carnoy氏固定、AB／S0染色的效果最好。以AB／S0着色的肥大细胞胞质颗粒呈深蓝色，胞核呈淡褐色；以TB/SO着色的肥大细胞胞质颗粒呈紫红色，胞核呈淡红色。而中性缓冲福尔马林固定对肥大细胞的着染有一定阻断作用。一些曾被国外学者用于鉴定硬骨鱼肥大细胞(或嗜酸性颗粒细胞)的组织化学技术在本研究中未能鉴定出胡子鲇的肥大细胞。电镜观察证实，胡子鲇肥大细胞中含有大量特征性的胞浆颗粒，胞浆颗粒基质电子密度较均匀，个别颗粒中央呈空泡样。  相似文献   

Dietary levamisole modulates the immune response and disease resistance of Asian catfish Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus)   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Jaya Kumari  & Pramoda K Sahoo 《Aquaculture Research》2006,37(5):500-509

In order to determine the immunomodulatory effect of dietary levamisole in Asian catfish (Clarias batrachus), fish were fed four different diets for 10 days: a formulated diet as control and the same diet supplemented with 50, 150 or 450 mg levamisole kg^?1 feed. The serum bacterial agglutination titre against Aeromonas hydrophila as a measure of specific immunity, serum haemagglutination titre, natural haemolytic complement activity (ACH₅₀), myeloperoxidase and lysozyme activities, total protein level and oxidative radical production by neutrophils as a measure of non‐specific immunity as well as disease resistance against A. hydrophila challenge to separate vaccinated and non‐vaccinated groups were evaluated at 0, 1, 2 and 3 weeks after last administration of levamisole. Levamisole supplement at the lowest level (50 mg kg^?1) significantly enhanced oxidative radical production and serum myeloperoxidase (MPO) content immediately after 10 days of feeding, which reached peak values after 3 and 2 weeks of feeding respectively. Haemolytic complement and haemagglutination titre were significantly enhanced after 3 and 1 weeks respectively. Haemolytic complement activity and MPO activities were significantly raised to 150 mg kg^?1 after 3 and 2 weeks, respectively. At the highest level of levamisole feeding (450 mg kg^?1) significant decreases in superoxide production and complement activity were measured immediately after levamisole feeding, which returned to the normal level after 1 week post‐ feeding. Fish were challenged with a virulent strain of A. hydrophila at 0, 1, 2 and 3 weeks after levamisole feeding, and the cumulative per cent survival was recorded over 10 days. Feeding levamisole at 50, 150 or 450 mg kg^?1 increased per cent survival in vaccinated fish immediately after levamisole feeding, and survival was significantly higher at 450 mg kg^?1. There was no difference in mortality patterns in non‐vaccinated fish. The results support the use of levamisole at 50 mg kg^?1 feed for 10 days as an immunostimulant in Asian catfish farming.  相似文献   

Thyroxine-induced alterations in the testis and seminal vesicles of air-breathing catfish, Clarias gariepinus     

T. N. Jacob  J. P. Pandey  K. Raghuveer  G. Sreenivasulu  A. D. Gupta  M. Yoshikuni  A. Jagota  B. Senthilkumaran 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2005,31(2-3):271-274

Effect of experimentally induced thyroxine overdose on the testis and seminal vesicles was studied in the air-breathing catfish, Clarias gariepinus during the preparatory and the pre-spawning phase. The present study revealed a marked reduction in testosterone level in serum, testis and seminal vesicles (SV). Histological examination showed a considerable reduction in the number of spermatozoa/spermatids in the seminiferous tubular lumen as well as depletion of fluid in the loculi of SV. SDS-PAGE analysis of SV fluid proteins demonstrated a significant decrease in the level of a ~27 kDa protein in thyroxine treated fishes. Evidences are presented here to indicate that thyroid hormone plays a role in regulating testis and SV function in catfish. T.N. Jacob and J.P. Pandey contributed equally  相似文献   

Quantifying the dietary biotin requirement of the catfish,Clarias batrachus     

J. Shaik Mohamed  B. Ravisankar  A. Ibrahim 《Aquaculture International》2000,8(1):9-18

Asian catfish, Clarias batrachus, were fed semi-purified basaldiets containing 0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 3 and 5 mg biotin kg^–1diet for 60 days. Fish fed the control diet (no biotin) showed(P < 0.05) higher mortality, lower weight gain, specificgrowth rate (SGR), feed efficiency ratio (FER) and protein efficiencyratio (PER) than in fish fed diets supplemented with biotin. The highestweight gain, SGR, FER and PER were noticed in fish fed 1 mg biotinkg^–1, followed by 0.5, 5, 3 and 0.1 mg biotinkg^–1, except for PER (followed by 0.5, 5, 0.1 and 3 mgbiotin kg^–1). Quadratic analysis showed that the optimumdietary biotin requirements for maximal weight gain, PER and PER were2.49, 2.54 and 2.52 mg kg^–1, respectively. Liver biotinconcentrations were influenced by levels of biotin in the diet.Concentration of liver biotin increased as level of dietarysupplementation increased and no biotin was detected in the liver of thecontrol fish. Liver pyruvate carboxylase and acetyl CoA carboxylaseactivities were higher in fish fed biotin-supplemented diets than incontrols. Biotin concentrations, pyruvate carboxylase and acetyl CoAcarboxylase activities in liver associated with normal growth rangedfrom 10.59 to 10.66 g g^–1, 147.97 to 148.18 units mgprotein^–1 and 12.76 to 12.78 units mg protein^–1, respectively. Biotin deficiency symptoms such as anorexia, darkskin colour and convulsions were observed in fish fed the control diet.The optimum dietary biotin requirement for maximal growth of C.batrachus is about 2.49 mg kg^–1 diet.  相似文献   

Effect of feeding time and frequency on the growth and feed utilization of African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822) fingerlings     

Mostafa A R Hossain  Graham S Haylor  & Malcolm C M Beveridge 《Aquaculture Research》2001,32(12):999-1004

The effects of feeding time and frequency on the growth, feed utilization and survival of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822; family Clariidae) fingerlings were evaluated in a 25-day study. Groups of African catfish with an initial individual weight of 0.98 ± 0.02 g were offered feeds continuously for 24 h, or during the day or night at different time intervals, with varying meal size. The growth rate was significantly affected by meal times. Widely practised day time feeding with three equal size meals a day gave the lowest growth and highest food wastage. The growth rates of fish fed continuously or during night time following their feed demand were significantly higher with lowest food conversion ratios and food wastage.  相似文献   

Modulation of tissue α-tocopherol in African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell), fed oxidized oils, and the compensatory effect of supplemental dietary vitamin E     

R. T. M. Baker  & S. J. Davies 《Aquaculture Nutrition》1997,3(2):91-97

Juvenile African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell), of mean initial weight 15 g, were fed practical diets containing fresh or rancid oil (1:1 cod liver:corn oil) supplemented with either 20 or 100 mg all-rac-α-tocopheryl acetate per kg dry diet, at 0.03 × body weight per day for 8 weeks. After this time, catfish had grown by at least four times in body weight. Significant ( P < 0.05) inter-treatment differences in final body weight were noted. Clarias fed low-tocopherol: oxidized-oil diets performed least well with regard to growth, though elevated dietary vitamin E partially abrogated this effect. Growth of fish fed fresh-oil diets did not benefit from increased dietary α-tocopherol content. Muscle, liver, plasma, heart and spleen all responded significantly ( P < 0.05) to dietary vitamin E dose. Inclusion of oxidized oil in catfish diets decreased tissue α-tocopherol concentration. Hepatic α-tocopherol concentration (μg α-tocopherol per g liver) was observed to be lowered by 90% by the rancid oil diets. When fish previously fed fresh-oil diets were switched to oxidized: low-tocopherol diets, hepatic α-tocopherol concentration was significantly ( P < 0.05) lowered within 2 weeks. The results highlight the importance of dietary oil quality in modulating tissue α-tocopherol concentrations in African catfish.  相似文献   

革胡子鲶生长激素成熟肽cDNA克隆及其在大肠杆菌中的表达     

杨学明  何荆洲  张立  黄雄军  郭亚芬  蒋和生 《安徽农业科学》2008,36(35)

[目的]构建革胡子鲶生长激素基因原核表达体系。[方法]采用PCR方法,扩增得到了革胡子鲶生长激素基因成熟肽的cDNA序列,将该序列克隆至原核表达载体pRSET-A,构建重组质粒pRSET-mGH,并在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)pLysS中进行表达。[结果]革胡子鲶生长激素成熟肽cDNA序列全长534 bp,编码1个由178个氨基酸残基组成的生长激素成熟肽,分子量为20.28 kDa,等电点为5.93。SDS-PAGE和Western blot分析表明,表达的目的融合蛋白分子量为27.41 kDa,主要以非可溶性的包涵体形式存在于菌体沉淀中。目的融合蛋白的表达量高达细菌沉淀蛋白总量的36.8%。[结论]该研究为革胡子鲶生长激素的产业化开发和应用奠定了基础。  相似文献