Occurrence and prevalence of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) cultured in cages in the Black Sea     

Hamdi Ogut  Cemil Altuntas 《Aquaculture Research》2012,43(10):1550-1556

Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) cultured in cage systems in the South Eastern Black Sea were surveyed for the type, occurrence and prevalence of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV). Two nearby farms (designated as Farm A and Farm B) were visited monthly in 2007 and 2008. At each farm, 385 fish were selected randomly from five cages. Another farm with infected trout from a hatchery also was monitored for IPNV from the transfer to harvest. IPNV was found to be prevalent in both farms surveyed. In Farm A, IPNV was present throughout the growing period, from January to May, and all five randomly sampled cages tested positive for IPNV in March and April of 2007. In Farm B, IPNV was present only in February and March in 2007, and in 2008, IPNV was observed in January (two cages) and February (one cages) at low levels. Interestingly, IPNV was absent 2 weeks after transfer to the sea at 17.5°C. The same strain of IPNV, genotype III that was isolated from the same stock of fish at the hatchery, reoccurred when water temperatures dropped to 12°C in December in the Black Sea. Transferring fish to the sea at high water temperatures could lessen the negative impacts of IPNV on growth of rainbow trout in brackish water.  相似文献   

中国深远海养殖发展方式研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

徐琰斐  徐皓  刘晃  谌志新  崔铭超 《渔业现代化》2021,(1)

在渔业转型发展进程中,发展深远海养殖是突破生态环境和自然资源约束性挑战,实现新时期中国海水养殖业可持续发展的战略方向。基于联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)关于深远海养殖发展的定义,结合中国海水养殖业发展水平和海域条件,对中国深远海养殖概念进行了界定。提出养殖品种选择、养殖系统构建、养殖海域规划是关系深远海养殖产业稳步有序发展的重要因素。在养殖品种选择方面,应重点考虑经济潜力、适应水温和养殖技术;在养殖系统构建上,分析比较了不同养殖系统应用于深远海养殖的适宜性、安全性和经济性;在养殖海域规划方面,应重点考虑养殖排放、环境承载力和海域条件。  相似文献   

Dietary habits of grazers influence their suitability as biological controls of fouling macroalgae in ex situ mariculture     

Chin Soon Lionel Ng  Tai Chong Toh  Kok Ben Toh  James Guest  Loke Ming Chou 《Aquaculture Research》2014,45(11):1852-1860

The dietary habits of the sea urchin Salmacis sphaeroides and the gastropod Trochus maculatus in ex situ mariculture were examined. Fouling algal assemblages on terracotta tiles were exposed to the grazers and compared. Except for Day 0, the assemblages on Days 2, 13 and 27 differed significantly across treatments. S. sphaeroides rapidly consumed most algae, leaving an assemblage dominated by turf algae and bare tile. T. maculatus primarily fed on green filamentous algae, resulting in an even distribution of other algal functional groups, while control tiles were dominated by green filamentous algae. Using three representative fouling algae species (Bryopsis corymbosa, Hypnea spinella and Lobophora variegata), the consumption rates of both grazers and dietary preferences of S. sphaeroides were examined through a single‐diet and a choice experiment respectively. The single‐diet experiment revealed differential algal consumption rates for S. sphaeroides (H. spinella = B. corymbosa > L. variegata) and T. maculatus (B. corymbosa > H. spinella = L. variegata). The choice experiment showed that S. sphaeroides preferred H. spinella over the other two species. These experiments highlighted the importance of understanding the dietary habits of grazers as this has direct implications on their effectiveness as biological controls of fouling macroalgae in mariculture.  相似文献   

海水网箱养殖对近岸环境影响的研究进展   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

郭芳  黄小平 《水产科学》2006,25(1):37-41

近年来,我国的海水网箱养殖业发展迅猛,已成为我国渔业新兴产业的生力军。海水网箱养殖系统作为一种高密度、高投饵的人工养殖生态系统,其输出的废物,残饵、代谢及排泄废物等是引发环境问题的主要污染源,再加上网箱养殖区布局不合理,通常设在水交换率较低的内湾,当养殖容量超出了海域的环境容量,就会引发一系列生态环境问题[1]。本文就海水网箱养殖对环境污染及防治的研究进展进行综述,并提出今后的重点研究方向。1养殖区水质污染网箱养殖对浅海生态系统的影响主要表现为养殖水域营养负荷增加[2]。一般来说,鲑鳟鱼类的网箱养殖,饲料中总氮的…  相似文献   

大型藻类在综合海水养殖系统中的生物修复作用   总被引：32，自引：1，他引：32       下载免费PDF全文

毛玉泽  杨红生  王如才 《中国水产科学》2005,12(2):225-231

减少水产养殖自身对环境的负面影响是维持水产业持续健康发展的关键所在。大型藻类生物滤器可以有效地吸收、利用养殖环境中多余的营养物质，从而减轻养殖废水对环境的影响，并提高养殖系统的经济输出，被广泛应用于鱼、虾和贝类等的综合养殖系统中，是控制水体富营养化、增进食品安全和对污染水体进行生物修复的有效措施之一。本研究概述了大型藻类生物滤器用于养殖废水生物修复和环境控制的原理、依据、研究现状、修复效果以及应用大型藻类生物滤器产生的效益和存在的问题。  相似文献   

Development of two telemetry-based systems for monitoring the feeding behaviour of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in aquaculture sea-cages     

Martin Føre  Jo Arve AlfredsenAage Gronningsater 《Computers and Electronics in Agriculture》2011,76(2):240-251

Two novel acoustic transmitter tags intended to reflect feeding behaviours in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) were developed and tested in this study. Using information from the literature and video recordings of feeding salmon, measurements of swimming depth and motion (acceleration) were identified as two promising sensing principles on which to base the tag development. Video footage and laboratory studies were used to develop corresponding algorithms that translated depth and acceleration measurements into compound parameters reflecting the different aspects that discern feeding activity from other activities. Field tests performed in a sea-farm were used to verify the functionality of the tags, and indicated that both tag types had potential in distinguishing between feeding and non-feeding behaviour. Additionally, both depth- and acceleration-based tags were seen to have applications to fish monitoring and farm management beyond that of observing feeding in salmon, in giving recordings of the vertical swimming behaviour of fish over extended periods of time as well as indications of the activity changes of fish due to external influences. These results suggest that fish telemetry using sensor-based transmitter tags could represent a useful tool in future fish farm management.  相似文献   

福建省海水养殖业生态安全评价   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

施湘锟  林文雄 《福建农林大学学报(自然科学版)》2015,44(1):83-89

以福建省为例,应用PSR模型,从海水养殖业生态环境的系统压力、系统状态、系统响应3个方面筛选出26个指标,在专家打分的基础上,采用层次分析法确定指标权重,从时间尺度上(2003-2012年)评价福建省海水养殖业的生态安全状况及其发展趋势,探究影响福建省海水养殖业生态安全水平的主要原因.结果表明,福建省海水养殖业的生态环境总体呈现越来越好的趋势,但仍然面临较严峻的挑战.  相似文献   

关于贝类遗传改良几个问题的讨论   总被引：13，自引：2，他引：13  

张国范 《水产学报》2006,30(1):130-137

贝类大多为雌雄异体，少数种类是雌雄同体，在雌雄异体的种类也有部分个体表现为雌雄同体，而且雌雄异体型贝类还常有性转变现象。养殖贝类大多行体外受精并具有配子量大、子裔数量多等特点。野生型贝类表型方差大，遗传变异水平高。可见，贝类是一群比较独特的动物，其生殖方面的某些特性与作物的共同点甚至超过与高等动物的共同点。因此仅依靠脊椎动物或植物的育种方法，难以解决好贝类的种质改良问题。  相似文献   

波浪作用下半潜式养殖网箱水动力特性     

崔勇  关长涛  秦升杰  公丕海  王新军 《海洋水产研究》2022,43(6):11-17

半潜式深远海养殖网箱在波浪作用下会发生变形与运动。为保证网箱结构的稳定性,需对其水动力特性进行分析。本研究基于有限元法建立了波浪作用下一种半潜式网箱的数值模型,通过仿真计算求解网箱的锚绳受力与运动情况。首先,将计算机模拟值与物理水槽试验值进行比较,验证数值模型的准确性。然后,分别研究了半潜式网箱在3种压载状态下的动力响应情况,分析比较了不同波浪条件下网箱锚绳张力、垂荡、纵荡和纵摇的计算结果。结果显示,计算值与试验值基本吻合,二者的相对误差在5%左右。当波高一定时,网箱迎浪侧和背浪侧锚绳受力与波浪周期改变无明显关联;当周期一定时,两侧锚绳受力均随波高的增加而增大。网箱的垂荡、纵荡及纵摇值均与波高呈正相关,随着半潜式网箱吃水的增加,网箱的垂荡、纵荡及纵摇值基本呈减小趋势。网箱在3种压载状态下最大垂荡值和纵荡值分别为12.67 m和10.59 m,网箱在空载状态下的最大纵摇值≤15°,表明半潜式网箱结构具有较好的稳定性。研究结果可为我国深远海养殖网箱设计提供理论参考。  相似文献   

Applying forest restoration principles to coral reef rehabilitation     

N. Epstein  R.P.M. Bak  B. Rinkevich 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2003,13(5):387-395

• 1. Forest restoration through silviculture (gardening) programs revives productivity, biodiversity, and stability. As in silviculture approaches, the coral ‘gardening’ strategy is based on a two‐step protocol.
• 2. The first step deals with the establishment of in situ and/or ex situ coral nurseries in which corals are farmed (originating from two types of source material: asexual [ramets, nubbins], and sexual [planula larvae, spat] recruits).
• 3. The second is the reef rehabilitation step, where maricultured colonies are transplanted into degraded sites.
• 4. We compare here the rationale of forest restoration to coral reef ecosystem restoration by evaluating major key criteria. As in silviculture programs, a sustainable mariculture operation that focuses on the prime structural component of the reef (‘gardening’ with corals) may promote the persistence of threatened coral populations, as well as that of other reef taxa, thus maintaining genetic diversity. In chronically degrading reef sites this may facilitate a halt in biodiversity depletion.
• 5. Within the current theoretical framework of ecosystem restoration, the recovery of biodiversity indices is considered a core element since a rich species diversity provides higher ecosystem resilience to disturbances.
• 6. The gardening measure may also be implemented worldwide, eliminating the need to extract existing colonies for transplantation operations. At degraded reef sites, the coral gardening strategy can assist in managing human and non‐human stakeholders' requirements as is done in forest management.

Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献