Starch digestion rates in multiple samples of commonly used feed grains in diets for broiler chickens     

Peter H. Selle  Amy F. Moss  Ali Khoddami  Peter V. Chrystal  Sonia Yun Liu 《动物营养（英文）》2021,7(2):450

In this study the starch digestion rates in broiler chickens from 18 samples of 5 commonly used feed grains (sorghum, wheat, maize, barley, triticale) were determined. The methodology to determine starch digestion rates in poultry is detailed herein. Starch digestion rates were not significantly different (P = 0.128) across the 18 feed grains, which reflects the wide variations that were observed within a given feedstuff. Nevertheless, starch digestion rates in broiler chickens offered wheat-based diets were significantly more rapid by 56.0% (0.117 versus 0.075 min⁻¹; P = 0.012) than their sorghum-based counterparts on the basis of a pair-wise comparison. In descending order, the following starch digestion rates were observed: wheat (0.117 min⁻¹), barley (0.104 min⁻¹), triticale (0.093 min⁻¹), maize (0.086 min⁻¹), sorghum (0.075 min⁻¹). The implications of these findings are discussed as they almost certainly have implications for poultry nutrition and the development of reduced crude protein diets for broiler chickens.  相似文献   

Influence of Breed Size,Age, Fecal Quality,and Enteropathogen Shedding on Fecal Calprotectin and Immunoglobulin A Concentrations in Puppies During the Weaning Period          下载免费PDF全文

A. Grellet  R.M. Heilmann  B. Polack  A. Feugier  C. Boucraut‐Baralon  D. Grandjean  N. Grützner  J. S. Suchodolski  J.M. Steiner  S. Chastant‐Maillard 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2016,30(4):1056-1064

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Fermented liquid feed and fermented grain to piglets- effect on gastrointestinal ecology and growth performance   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

N. Canibe  B.B. Jensen 《Livestock Science》2007,108(1-3):198-201

A study was carried out to determine the microbial and nutritional characteristics of dry feed, liquid feed containing fermented liquid cereal grain, and fermented liquid compound feed, and their effect on gastrointestinal ecology and growth performance of piglets. Three dietary treatments were designed: dry feed (DRY); fermented liquid cereal grain feed (FLG); and fermented liquid feed (FLF). The FLF was prepared by removing three times daily 50% of the mixture (feed and water) stored in a tank at 20 °C and replacing it with an equal amount of fresh feed and water. The FLG was similarly prepared but fermenting only the cereals (barley and wheat) and adding the remaining ingredients immediately before feeding. One hundred and twenty weaners were fed the diets during 6 weeks from weaning. The dietary content of lysine (g/100 g protein) was 6.01 in the DRY diet, 6.21 in the FLG diet, and 5.46 in the FLF diet. Feeding piglets with the FLG diet resulted in a higher density of yeasts, a higher concentration of ethanol in the GIT, and a change of the bacterial population of the stomach compared to feeding FLF. The FLG group had a numerically higher daily feed intake and daily body weight gain compared to the FLF group, but the values were not significant. Feeding liquid feed containing fermented liquid cereal grains as a means of avoiding microbial degradation of free amino acids in the feed and increasing feed intake by improving palatability seems promising.  相似文献   

青鱼消化器官数量性状胚后发育规律     

李华 《水产学报》1996,20(3):203-208

采用显微解剖和测量、光镜和扫描电镜观察方法，系统观测全长为５．６～３３０．０ｍｍ的青鱼标本３７０尾，描述了鳃耙、咽齿、角质垫和肠等消化器官数量性状在胚后发育过程中的变化规律；论述了青鱼的摄食特性、消化器官数量性状胚后发育的阶段性及其相关性、消化器官数量性状发育与食性转化，为制订培育青鱼苗种和饲养成鱼的生物学技术提供了可靠依据  相似文献   

盐度对黄鳍鲷幼鱼消化酶活性的影响及消化酶活性的昼夜变化   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

李希国  李加儿  区又君 《海洋水产研究》2006,27(1):40-45

研究了盐度对黄鳍鲷幼鱼主要消化酶(蛋白酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶)的影响及消化酶活性的昼夜变化。实验设计5、10、15、20、25、30等6个盐度梯度组。结果表明,蛋白酶、脂肪酶的比活在盐度为25时最高,而淀粉酶的比活在盐度为20时最高。各种消化酶在盐度20~30时消化酶比活的平均值要明显高于5~15时消化酶的平均值。对黄鳍鲷消化酶比活昼夜变化的测定表明,蛋白酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶比活的最高值分别在14∶00、20∶00和18∶00,最低值分别是12∶00、10∶00和6∶00。  相似文献   

Activity of digestive enzymes along the gut of juvenile red abalone, Haliotis rufescens, fed natural and balanced diets     

Zaul Garcia-Esquivel  Horst Felbeck 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2006,261(2):615-625

Two carbohydrases (cellulase, lysozyme), three proteases (trypsin, aminopeptidase and non-specific protease), a non-specific lipase, and semiquantitative tests of 19 digestive enzymes were assayed in different gut sections of juvenile red abalone, Haliotis rufescens, in order to identify the regions where digestion takes place and investigate the extent to which diet composition can modify the digestive capacity of abalone. The abalone were fed either fresh kelp (K) or balanced diets containing 25 or 38% crude protein for 6 months. Enzyme assays were carried out on different sections of the abalone's gut at the end of this period. On a weight-specific basis, the digestive gland was the site containing most of the enzymes. On a protein-specific basis, two main digestion regions were identified: the digestive gland-stomach region that is characterized by high activities of cellulase and lysozyme, chymotrypsin and protease, and the mouth-intestine region with a typically high activity of lipase and amino peptidase. Significant dietary effects were observed on the activity of enzymes, especially in the digestive gland. Abalone fed with 25 and 38% crude protein diets exhibited higher cellulase (39.8 ± 4.6 and 14.2 ± 0.8 mU mg^− 1 protein, respectively) and lysozyme activities (88.0 ± 20.4 and 56.6 ± 15.7 U, respectively) than those fed with fresh kelp (5.5 ± 0.7 mU mg^− 1 protein and 17.1 ± 1.8 U). In contrast, higher protease activity was found in kelp-fed organisms (234.1 ± 20.4 μg product/mg protein) than those fed the 25 and 38% crude protein diets (109.5 ± 20.7 and 119.5 ± 20.5 μg product/mg protein, respectively). Semiquantitative API ZYM assays resulted in no clear food-specific effects on the activity of carbohydrases, proteases, ester hydrolases or phosphohydrolases, yet organ-specific differences were conspicuous in various cases, and generally agreed with quantitative results. It is suggested that the increased carbohydrase activity exhibited by organisms fed the balanced diets resulted from a combination of an increased number of resident bacteria in the abalone's gut and facilitated contact between dietary substrates and digestive cells. The present results indicate that H. rufescens can adjust their enzyme levels in order to maximize the acquisition of dietary protein and carbohydrates. This characteristic can be advantageously used to search for suitable diets in abalone aquaculture.  相似文献   

Effects of illumination on early life development and digestive enzyme activities in common pandora Pagellus erythrinus L. larvae     

Cüneyt Suzer  ahin Saka  Kürat F&#x;rat 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2006,260(1-4):86-93

The activities of main digestive enzyme (proteases, amylase and lipase) and animal husbandry (mainly growth and survival) were studied in common pandora Pagellus erythrinus larvae until 30 days after hatching (DAH). Three different illumination levels (10, 30 and 100 lx) were compared in triplicate and green water technique was carried out. At the end of the experiment, illumination did not affect neither survival nor growth except 10 lx treatment. Similarly, specific growth rate (SGR) was different in 10 lx treatment (p < 0.05), although no differences were found in group 30 and 100 lx treatments (p > 0.05). In all groups, trypsin and chymotrypsin specific activities were firstly detected on day 3 related with mouth opening and slightly increased until 20 and 25 DAH respectively, and after this date specific activities of those decreased. Although, there was a significant difference between 10 lx treatment and other experimental groups (p < 0.05), no differences were found in other treatments (p > 0.05). Pepsin was firstly detected on day 25 related with stomach formation and sharp increase was observed until 30 DAH and then slight decrease was measured from this date and no differences were found between all groups. Amylase was firstly determined on day 2 and increased to day 5. After this date, slight decreases were measured in all groups and continued until end of experiments. The highest specific activity of amylase was determined in 30 lx treatment and no significant differences were found between groups (p > 0.05). Lipase was firstly detected on day 4 and increased to day 10. Then, activity of lipase decreased until day 15 and increased again until 25 DAH. Slight decreases were found in all groups until day 30 and continued to end of experiments. No significant differences were detected among groups (p > 0.05).

Finally, the significant improvement in survival, larval development and specific enzyme activities of larvae were determined in 30 lx treated group. It is thought that this phenomenon is related to optimal keeping conditions provided by the medium illumination level for Pagellus erythrinus larvae.  相似文献   

真鲷消化道的组织学和形态学研究   总被引：39，自引：4，他引：39       下载免费PDF全文

喻子牛 《水产学报》1997,21(2):113-119

采用扫描电镜和光镜技术对真鲷的消化道进行了组织学和形态学研究。具发达颌齿的口咽腔之后，真鲷消化道由分化明显的食道、胃、小肠和直肠构成。口咽腔粘膜表面为复层上皮，其中含有怀状细胞和味蕾，表层细胞具微褶（脊）；食道粘膜也衬着复层上皮，由表层具微褶（脊）的扁平细胞、中层的怀状细胞及底部的基底细胞组成，食道粘部分区域 衬着单层柱状上皮；胃Ｖ形，粘膜表层为单层柱状上皮，贲门部和盲囊部上皮下有一厚层胃腺组织；  相似文献   

Digestive enzyme activity during early larval development of the Cuban gar Atractosteus tristoechus   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Y. Comabella  R. Mendoza  C. Aguilera  O. Carrillo  A. Hurtado  T. García-Galano 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2006,32(2):147-157

The ontogenesis of digestive enzymes (proteases, amylases, lipases, and phosphatases) in Cuban gar Atractosteus tristoechus was determined in larvae between 5 and 18 days after hatching (DAH). Variations in specific activities of most enzymes were related to the transition from endogenous to exogenous feeding and to the transition from the larval to the juvenile stage. Alkaline protease activity was not detected until 8 DAH in contrast to acid protease activity, which was quantifiable at 5 DAH. Acid protease activity was consistently higher than alkaline protease activity, indicating the presence of a functional stomach in the early stages of larval development. The acid protease activities of larvae and adults were compared by means of zymogram analysis. Four acid protease bands were found in adults (two more than in larvae). This result is the first time that more than one band of acid proteolytic activity has been found in Lepisosteidae. High lipase activity indicated the importance of lipid utilization, particularly during yolk-sac absorption. In contrast to the other enzymes studied, amylase activity was consistently low, probably due to the strictly carnivorous diet of gar larvae and their low capacity for carbohydrate digestion. High activities of aminopeptidase and acid and alkaline phosphatases suggest intestinal absorption. This result, together with the existence of a short gut and a lower proteolytic activity in the intestine than in the stomach, suggest that most of the proteolytic activity takes place in the stomach, while the primary function of the intestine is nutrient uptake.  相似文献   

Effects of weaning age and diets on ontogeny of digestive activities and structures of pikeperch (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Sander lucioperca</Emphasis>) larvae     

Neila Hamza  Mohamed Mhetli  Patrick Kestemont 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2007,33(2):121-133

Growth and ontogeny of digestive function were studied in pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) larvae weaned on artificial food at different ages. Three weaning treatments initiated respectively on day 9 (W9), day 15 (W15) or day 21 (W21) post-hatching (p.h.) were compared with a control group, fed Artemia nauplii from first feeding until the end of the rearing trial on day 36 p.h. The digestive enzyme activities and the ontogeny of digestive structures were investigated using enzymatic assays and histological methods. Growth of pikeperch larvae was significantly affected by precocious weaning. Pancreatic (trypsin and amylase) and intestinal (leucine-alanine peptidase, leucine aminopeptidase N and alkaline phosphatase) enzyme activities were detected from hatching onwards, increased at the moment of first feeding and then decreased. Pepsin secretion occurred at day 29 p. h. only, concurrently with the stomach development and differentiation of gastric glands. In the early weaning group (W9) the maturation process of intestinal enterocytes seems to be impaired and/or delayed and several signs of malnutrition were recorded. Except for alkaline phosphatase activity, no differences in enzyme activities and development of digestive structures were observed among the control, W21, and W15 groups. Moreover, at the end of the experiment, no differences in proteolytic activities were observed among larvae from the different treatments, indicating that, in surviving individuals, the digestive structures were properly developed and the larvae had acquired an adult mode of digestion. Based on the artificial diet used, our results suggested that pikeperch larvae can be weaned from day 15 p.h. without significant adverse effect on digestive capacities (except for alkaline phosphatase) or development of digestive tract, while earlier weaning impaired the onset of the maturation processes of the digestive system, both in terms of morphological structures and enzymatic activities.  相似文献