Morphofunctional description of mucous cells in the gills of the Arapaimidae Arapaima gigas (Cuvier) during its development          下载免费PDF全文

C. A. Ramos  O. T. F. da Costa  W. L. P. Duncan  M. N. Fernandes 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2018,47(4):330-337

The gill structure of the Amazonian fish Arapaima gigas (Cuvier 1829) shows ontogenetic changes during development, particularly due the transition from the aquatic to the obligatory air breathing mode of respiration. However, three main cell types can be found in the gills: mitochondrial rich cells, pavement cells and mucous cells (MCs). The MCs are involved in the secretory pathway. The functions of the secreted molecules include mechanical protection of epithelia, protection against parasites and bacterial infection, and role on ion regulation. In this study, we analysed mucous cell location and mucous cell type, based on pH, during the development of A. gigas. Using samples obtained from the environment, gills were collected and fixed in buffered solution. Histological techniques for the identification of MCs were performed Alcian Blue (AB) and periodic acid‐Schiff (PAS). The results showed the presence of PAS+ and AB+ cells in the whole filament in all examined fish. In animals less than 50 g, few MCs were present, and no differences were observed in AB+ and PAS+ cells. In animals weighing close to 500 g, more PAS+ cells than AB+ cells were observed, and in animals that weighed more than 1,000 g, more AB+ cells than PAS+ cells were observed. These observations may be a result of the ontogenetic changes in the gill epithelia, which can change the osmorespiratory compromise in ion regulation functions as well the glycosaminoglycans secreted by PAS cells, which in large animals can play a role in the protection against parasites and bacterial infection.  相似文献   

Hindlimb bone maturation during postnatal life in the Greater Rhea (Rhea americana,Aves, Palaeognathae): Implications for palaeobiological and zooarchaeological interpretations          下载免费PDF全文

Mariana B. J. Picasso  Claudio Gustavo Barbeito 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2018,47(5):398-404

The objective of this study was to study the morphological pattern of bone maturation of the hindlimb bones of Rhea americana and find out how it can affect bone morphology after a taphonomic process. Juvenile specimens (n = 10) ranging from one month old to eight months old were studied. For comparison, bones from adults and juveniles from museum specimens (n = 4 and n = 6, respectively) were studied. In fresh bones, ossification centres were identified in the proximal and distal epiphyses of the tibiotarsi and in the proximal epiphysis of the tarsometatarsi, whereas the distal region of the femora and tarsometatarsi showed abundance of cartilage. The development and extension of the ossification centres of the tibiotarsi were different. In the proximal epiphysis, the centre presented less development with respect to the distal epiphysis. In the dry tibiotarsi, the proximal centre was absent and the distal one was well preserved. Both the fresh and dry juvenile tarsometatarsi presented unfused metatarsals and bulkier and wider aspect than the adult ones. The dry femora presented a noticeable excavation between condyles, whereas the dry tarsometatarsi showed the absence of the proximal epiphysis. The femora, tibiotarsi and tarsometatarsi possessed different traits of immaturity, which differentially affect the morphology of the preserved bones during a taphonomic process.  相似文献   

Relationship Between Plasma GH,Metabolites, Lipogenic Genes,and MMP3 Expression in PD3 Chicken Line and Role of Fermented Yeast Culture in Alleviating Heat Stress     

《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2019,28(3):669-678

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Growth hormone suppresses the expression of IGFBP-5, and promotes the IGF-I-induced phosphorylation of Akt in bovine mammary epithelial cells     

Sakamoto K  Yano T  Kobayashi T  Hagino A  Aso H  Obara Y 《Domestic animal endocrinology》2007,32(4):260-272

Growth hormone (GH) plays a specific role to inhibit apoptosis in the bovine mammary gland through the insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I system, however, the mechanism of GH action is poorly understood. In this study, we show that GH dramatically inhibits the expression of IGFBP-5, and GH along with IGF-I enhanced the phosphorylation of Akt through the reduction of IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-5. To determine how GH affects Akt through IGF-I in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs), we examined the phosphorylation of Akt in GH treated BMECs and found that IGF-I induced phosphorylation of Akt was significantly enhanced by the treatment with GH. We demonstrated that GH reduces mRNA and protein expression of IGFBP-5 in BMECs, but it does not affect the expression of IGFBP-3. To determine that the enhanced effect of the Akt phosphorylation by the treatment of GH is due to the inhibition of the expression of IGFBP-5, we examined the effect of IGFBP-3 and -5 on the phosphorylation of Akt through IGF-I in the GH-treated BMECs. The phosphorylation of Akt was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner when IGFBP-5 was added at varying concentrations and was also inhibited in the presence of IGFBP-3. The results of this study suggest that GH plays an important role on mammary gland involution in bovine mammary epithelial cells.  相似文献   

Adenohypophyseal function in bitches treated with medroxyprogesterone acetate     

Beijerink NJ  Bhatti SF  Okkens AC  Dieleman SJ  Mol JA  Duchateau L  Van Ham LM  Kooistra HS 《Domestic animal endocrinology》2007,32(2):63-78

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of treatment with medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) on canine adenohypophyseal function. Five Beagle bitches were treated with MPA (10mg/kg, every 4 weeks) and their adenohypophyseal function was assessed in a combined adenohypophyseal function test. Four hypophysiotropic hormones (CRH, GHRH, GnRH, and TRH) were administered before and 2, 5, 8, and 11 months after the start of MPA treatment, and blood samples for determination of the plasma concentrations of ACTH, cortisol, GH, IGF-1, LH, FSH, prolactin, alpha-MSH, and TSH were collected at -15, 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, and 45 min after suprapituitary stimulation. MPA successfully prevented the occurrence of estrus, ovulation, and a subsequent luteal phase. MPA treatment did not affect basal and GnRH-induced plasma LH concentrations. The basal plasma FSH concentration was significantly higher at 2 months after the start of MPA treatment than before or at 5, 8, and 11 months after the start of treatment. The maximal FSH increment and the AUC for FSH after suprapituitary stimulation were significantly higher before treatment than at 5, 8, and 11 months of MPA treatment. Differences in mean basal plasma GH concentrations before and during treatment were not significant, but MPA treatment resulted in significantly elevated basal plasma IGF-1 concentrations at 8 and 11 months. MPA treatment did not affect basal and stimulated plasma ACTH concentrations, with the exception of a decreased AUC for ACTH at 11 months. In contrast, the maximal cortisol increment and the AUC for cortisol after suprapituitary stimulation were significantly lower during MPA treatment than prior to treatment. MPA treatment did not affect basal plasma concentrations of prolactin, TSH, and alpha-MSH, with the exception of slightly increased basal plasma TSH concentrations at 8 months of treatment. MPA treatment did not affect TRH-induced plasma concentrations of prolactin and TSH. In conclusion, the effects of chronic MPA treatment on adenohypophyseal function included increased FSH secretion, unaffected LH secretion, activation of the mammary GH-induced IGF-I secretion, slightly activated TSH secretion, suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis, and unaffected secretion of prolactin and alpha-MSH.  相似文献   

Antioxidant,anti-amylase and anti-glycation potential of brans of some Sri Lankan traditional and improved rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties     

《Journal of Cereal Science》2014,59(3):451-456

Brans of 23 traditional and 12 improved (both red and white) rice varieties in Sri Lanka were screened for anti-amylase and anti-glycation activities in vitro. Varieties which showed the highest inhibitory activities at screening were further investigated for anti-glucosidase and glycation reversing as anti-diabetic properties. The same varieties were studied for selected antioxidant properties. Significantly high anti-amylase and anti-glycation activities were observed for bran extracts of red varieties compared to white varieties at screening. Traditional red rice varieties, Masuran, Sudu Heeneti, Dik Wee and Goda Heeneti, exhibited significant and dose dependent anti-amylase, anti-glycation and glycation reversing activities. These varieties also showed marked antioxidant properties. It is concluded that brans of Sri Lankan traditional red rice varieties Masuran, Sudu Heeneti, Dik Wee and Goda Heeneti may be potential food supplements for diabetes.  相似文献   

Interspecific differences in early life‐history traits in a species complex of stream‐resident galaxiids          下载免费PDF全文

Peter E. Jones  Gerard P. Closs 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2016,25(2):211-224

Fish differentially provision resources to eggs and larvae to optimise survival during the critical early life‐history period. Resource allocation is limited by a trade‐off between egg size and fecundity, and the optimal strategy varies with habitat type. This study examines the consequences of egg size differences for the early life‐histories of four closely related galaxiid species which occur in contrasting habitat types on the South Island, New Zealand. Headwater species had substantially larger water‐hardened eggs, longer incubation times, and newly hatched larvae were on average up to 41% longer than lower catchment species. Significant interspecific differences in gape diameter, eye diameter and myomere depth were also observed. Swimming ability was positively associated with larval length at hatch. Interspecific differences in length and swimming ability were generally maintained throughout the larval period, despite larvae being reared under relatively benign conditions where many other studies suggest initial differences should disappear. These results demonstrate the consequences of differential maternal provisioning to the egg for larval traits. The larger larvae of headwater species are likely to be more resistant to starvation and have improved foraging ability compared to lower catchment species; traits which are likely to confer them survival advantages in the low productivity, food‐scarce environments they occupy. The smaller larvae of lower catchment species are likely to be a consequence of females investing in fecundity in these relatively resource‐rich streams.  相似文献   

日粮色氨酸水平对生长猪的氮利用效率、血浆类胰岛素生长因子-I、生长激素及胰岛素的影响     

任建波  赵广永  李元晓  孟庆翔 《动物营养学报》2007,(3)

本试验旨在研究日粮色氨酸水平对生长猪的氮利用率以及对血浆类胰岛素生长因子-I(IGF-I)、生长激素(GH)、胰岛素浓度的影响。试验以4头大白去势公猪作为试验动物,以色氨酸含量分别为1.2、1.7、2.2和2.7g/kg的4种日粮为试验处理,按照4×4拉丁方进行试验设计。结果表明,色氨酸水平对干物质消化率、有机物消化率和氮消化率没有显著性影响(P>0.05)。氮沉积和氮的生物学利用率随着日粮色氨酸水平由1.2提高到1.7、2.2和2.7g/kg而显著提高(P<0.05),但是试验处理1.7、2.2和2.7g/kg之间的氮沉积和氮的生物学价值没有显著差异(P>0.05)。不同处理之间的血浆IGF-I、GH和胰岛素浓度没有显著差异(P>0.05)。日粮色氨酸水平和血浆IGF-I、GH或胰岛素浓度之间以及氮沉积和血浆IGF-I、GH或胰岛素浓度之间均无显著的相关关系(P>0.05)。综合以上结果,日粮色氨酸水平对生长猪的氮沉积具有显著影响,而对血浆IGF-I、GH和胰岛素没有显著影响。  相似文献   

干奶期不同能量水平对奶牛血中神经肽 Y和生长激素浓度的影响     

李艳飞  李红梅  牛淑玲  左之才  徐闯  王哲 《中国兽医学报》2006,26(6):684-686

将健康围产期奶牛30头随机分为3组．预产前28d按奶牛营养需要分别饲喂100％、120％、80％能量日粮，产后各组奶牛均饲喂标准的产奶日粮，至产后56d结束，观测干奶期不同能量摄入水平对围产期健康奶牛血中神经肽Y和生长激素浓度的影响。结果表明，干奶期低能量日粮饲喂，奶牛血中神经肽和生长激素浓度均高于其他2组，从产前14d至产后28d组间差异显著（P〈0.01；P〈0.05），提示低能量饲料饲喂干奶期奶牛，产后能量负平衡得到缓解。  相似文献   

马生长激素(GH)基因的PCR-SSCP研究   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

张焱如  芒来 《畜牧兽医学报》2007,38(3):209-213

选取4个蒙古马地方品种、1个国内培育品种和1个国外引人品种共281匹马，采用PCR—SSCP技术，检测了GH基因5’侧翼区、第1内含子、第2外显子和第5外显子4个位点的遗传多态性。结果显示：仅第5外显子出现多态性，表现出AA、BB和AB3种基因型，其余位点未检测到多态。群体遗传学分析结果表明：除纯血马外，其余品种都是等位基因A为优势基因；Hardy-Weinberg平衡检验显示，乌审马、乌珠穆沁马、巴尔虎马处于平衡状态，锡尼河马、三河马、纯血马处于非平衡状态；各品种马的多态信息含量均为中度多态（0．25〈PIC〈0．5）。本研究为今后马的分子育种奠定一定基础。  相似文献