Reproductive biology of the commercial sea cucumber <Emphasis Type="Italic">Holothuria spinifera</Emphasis> (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from Tuticorin,Tamil Nadu,India     

P. S. Asha  P. Muthiah 《Aquaculture International》2008,16(3):231-242

The annual reproductive cycle of the commercial sea cucumber Holothuria spinifera was studied in Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu, India, from September 2000 to October 2001, by macroscopic and microscopic examination of gonad tubule, gonad index and histology of gametogenic stages, to determine the spawning pattern. The gonad consists of long tubules with uniform development. It does not confirm the progressive tubule recruitment model described for other holothurians. The maximum percentage of mature animals, gonad and fecundity indices, tubule length and diameter, with the observations on gonad histology, ascertained that H. spinifera had the peak gametogenic activity during September and October 2001 followed by a prolonged spawning period from November 2000–March 2001.  相似文献   

盆栽龙胆的微体扦插繁殖研究     

王国良  李林  赵永艳  闫小红 《江苏林业科技》2004,31(5):8-10,13

本试验采用5种不同扦插基质及4种不同规格的盆栽龙胆插穗进行微体扦插繁殖试验。结果表明，70％泥炭 30％珍珠岩较适宜龙胆扦插、生根，插穗长度以3节插穗为好。  相似文献   

Effects of temperature, salinity and pH on larval growth, survival and development of the sea cucumber Holothuria spinifera Theel     

P.S. Asha  P. Muthiah 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2005,250(3-4):823-829

For large-scale seed production of sea cucumbers through a hatchery system, it is imperative to know the effects of environmental parameters on larval rearing. Auricularia larvae (48 h post-fertilization) were obtained from induced spawning of Holothuria spinifera and used in experiments to ascertain the effects of temperature, salinity and pH on the growth and survivorship of the larvae. The larvae were reared for 12 days at temperatures of 20, 25, 28 and 32 °C; salinities of 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 ppt; and pH of 6.5, 7.0, 7.5, 7.8, 8.0, 8.5 and 9.0. The highest survivorship and growth rate and fastest development of auricularia indicated that water temperature of 28–32 °C, salinity of 35 ppt and pH of 7.8 were the most suitable conditions for rearing larvae of H. spinifera.  相似文献   

Cytotoxic and Apoptosis-Inducing Activity of Triterpene Glycosides from Holothuria scabra and Cucumaria frondosa against HepG2 Cells     

Juanjuan Wang  Hua Han  Xiangfeng Chen  Yanghua Yi  Hongxiang Sun 《Marine drugs》2014,12(8):4274-4290

The cytotoxic effects of thirteen triterpene glycosides from Holothuria scabra Jaeger and Cucumaria frondosa Gunnerus (Holothuroidea) against four human cell lines were detected and their cytotoxicity-structure relationships were established. The apoptosis-inducing activity of a more potent glycoside echinoside A (1) in HepG2 cells was further investigated by determining its effect on the morphology, mitochondrial transmembrane potential (Δψ_m) and mRNA expression levels of the apoptosis-related genes. The results showed that the number of glycosyl residues in sugar chains and the side chain of aglycone could affect their cytotoxicity towards tumor cells and selective cytotoxicity. 1 significantly inhibited cell viability and induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells. 1 also markedly decreased the Δψ_m and Bcl-2/Bax mRNA express ratio, and up-regulated the mRNA expression levels of Caspase-3, Caspase-8 and Caspase-9 in HepG2 cells. Therefore, 1 induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells through both intrinsic and extrinsic pathway. These findings could potentially promote the usage of these glycosides as leading compounds for developing new antitumor drugs.  相似文献   

白沙参苗种中间培育关键参数研究     

毛海峰  李修岩  陈水春  方春海  赖可思 《广东农业科学》2014,41(22):114-118

为了解决白沙参参苗个体小、抗逆性及抵御敌害生物的能力弱、成活率低、不利于增养殖的缺陷,研究了白沙参室内水泥池中间培育过程中的关键参数,并在最优条件下进行室内水泥池和室外池塘网箱的培苗,试验结束时测量参苗的体长和体重,计算成活率.结果表明,室内水泥池培育的关键技术参数如下:水温25～30℃,盐度25‰～35‰,培育密度2000～3000头/m2,光照强度2 000 lx.在上述最佳条件下,将体长0.3～0.5 cm、体重0.004 g的参苗16万尾,置于室内水泥池培育1个月后,参苗规格平均达到0.8～1 cm,存活率达到50％以上.然后将其转到室外网箱培养,更换网箱规格并及时疏苗,培育40 d时,参苗规格平均达到3 cm左右,存活率达到60％.  相似文献   

Geographical distribution of genetic variation in Stylosanthes scabra revealed by RAPD analysis     

C.J. Liu 《Euphytica》1997,98(1-2):21-27

A large number of S. scabra accessions have been accumulated worldwide. The majority of them were collected from Brazil and most of the others came from either Colombia or Venezuela. One hundred of these accessions, selected to represent the geographical distribution of the S. scabra collection held at the Australian Tropical Forages Genetic Resource Centre, were analysed using RAPD as markers. Seven of these accessions were found not to be S. scabra. Of the S. scabra accessions, the average dissimilarity value among Brazilian accessions (0.053) was much lower than that among Colombian (0.074) or Venezuelan (0.088) accessions, with an overall dissimilarity value of 0.059 among all the S. scabra accessions. Based on their dissimilarity values, most of these accessions could be separated into five groups. Geographical distributions for most accessions in each of these groups were well defined. Limited long distance introductions/dispersions of S. scabra between these regions were detected and they were mainly confined to Brazilian genotypes. The clustering results based on RAPD were compared with those based on morphological-agronomical characters, and the groups produced by the two different methods did not always match. Possible reasons for this discrepancy are discussed. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

施肥、覆盖遮阳网对龙胆草产量和斑枯病的影响   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

吴淑芹  陈立东 《沈阳农业大学学报》2002,33(5):324-326

龙胆草施用不同肥料和覆盖遮阳网的试验表明 :施入磷肥(磷酸二铵 +过磷酸钙)>(0.0225+0.0225)kg·m-2 时 ,龙胆草增产幅度为12.5%;施入农家肥6～7.5kg·m-2,龙胆草增产幅度为11.11%～13.95%。龙胆草覆盖遮阳网 ,斑枯病发病时间较裸地栽培晚15d,发病率为23.4%;比裸地栽培增产39.97 %。  相似文献   

Preliminary assessment of large‐scale co‐culture of sandfish (Holothuria scabra) with the Babylon snail (Babylonia areolata) in earthen ponds and in raceways     

Gregory T. Dobson  Nguyen Dinh Quang Duy  Paul C. Southgate 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2021,52(1):138-154

Holothuria scabra (sandfish) and Babylonia areolata were trialed in two large‐scale co‐culture experiments. Experiment 1 assessed co‐culture in 4 × 400 m² earthen ponds where Babylonia were cultured in a central pen at a density of 400 individuals/m² with sandfish occupying the remaining pond space at 1.1 individuals/m². Sandfish grew from 18.20 ± 6.67 g to 119.03 ± 17.74 g in 92 days and Babylonia (fed trash fish in both experiments) grew from 0.90 ± 0.38 g to 4.93 ± 1.44 g, but Babylonia growth was not increased in co‐culture compared to monoculture. Water and sediment quality varied between co‐culture and monoculture ponds. Neither showed clear improvement due to sandfish culture. Experiment 2 compared non‐segregated sandfish‐Babylonia co‐culture with Babylonia monoculture in 20 m² concrete raceways. Sandfish were cultured at 2 individuals/m² and Babylonia at 300 individuals/m². Sandfish grew up to 1.91 g.day^?1 with 100% survival. Babylonia weight gain was significantly greater in co‐culture raceways (3.35 ± 0.64 g over 61 days), which was double that of Babylonia in monoculture. Substrate total N was reduced by 20% in co‐culture compared with monoculture (p = .032). This provisional study of commercial scale sandfish‐Babylonia co‐culture demonstrates culture compatibility, providing a basis for further system development.  相似文献   

栀子、龙胆、茵陈水煎剂对獭兔胆汁分泌和胆囊平滑肌运动调节研究     

火静萍  何玉琴  韩志磊  陈婕  蒋卫军  闫志斌  史军红  王文芳 《动物医学进展》2014,(12)

为了研究栀子、龙胆、茵陈水煎剂对獭兔胆汁分泌和离体胆囊平滑肌肌条运动的影响，通过对獭兔实施胆管插管术，建立胆汁引流模型，应用 BL-420E 生物机能实验系统观察记录上述中药对胆汁分泌的影响；并取獭兔胆囊平滑肌，应用 HW-400S 恒温平滑肌槽和 BL-420E 生物机能实验系统，观察记录上述中药对胆囊平滑肌运动的影响。结果显示，栀子水煎剂可显著增加胆汁的分泌（P ＜0．05）和胆囊平滑肌收缩张力（P ＜0．05）；龙胆和茵陈水煎剂可显著增加胆汁的分泌（P ＜0．05），但对胆囊平滑肌收缩张力作用不显著（P ＞0．05）。说明栀子、龙胆、茵陈水煎剂均可促进獭兔胆汁分泌，且栀子可提高胆囊平滑肌收缩张力，但龙胆、茵陈水煎剂对胆囊平滑肌收缩张力影响不显著。  相似文献   

Food sources,digestive efficiency and resource allocation in the sea cucumber Holothuria forskali (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea): Insights from pigments and fatty acids     

Frank David  Cdric Hubas  Helne Laguerre  Aicha Badou  Gwen Herault  Tho Bordelet  Nadia Ameziane 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2020,26(5):1568-1583

Various research projects in Europe and North Africa have recently intended to breed temperate holothurians to alleviate fishing pressure on natural populations. However, to date little is known about the nutritional requirements of East Atlantic and Mediterranean species. In this study, we propose a “natural population”‐oriented approach to characterize food sources, digestive efficiency and resources allocation based on the composition of pigments and fatty acids (FA) in gut contents and tissues (muscles, gonads and digestive tract walls) of wild individuals of the species Holothuria (Panningothuria) forskali (Delle Chiaje, 1823) sampled in Brittany (France). Our study reveals that neither green nor red algae enter the diet of H. forskali in spring and that the only fresh vegetal material found in gut contents is brown algae (very likely diatoms). The high nutritional quality of gut contents however contrasts with the detrital nature of the ingested food sources, suggesting that a trophic upgrading of organic matter occurs before digestion. In addition, unusual FA (i.e. only present in a few groups of living species) such as long‐chain monounsaturated FA (especially the FA 23:1ω9) were found in large proportions in muscles and gonad and their effect on sea cucumber fitness needs further investigation.  相似文献