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1.
Teleost fish lack the enzyme for endogenous synthesis of ascorbic acid (AA), an essential micronutrient for fish. The aim
of this study was to examine the effect of higher levels of dietary vitamin C on growth, nutritional quality, and immunomodulation
in the Indian major carp, rohu (Labeo rohita). Four groups of L. rohita were fed experimental diets containing either no vitamin C (control) or supplemented with vitamin C at 500 mg kg−1 (Exp-1), 1000 mg kg−1 (Exp-2), or 1500 mg kg−1 (Exp-3) for 60 days. Growth parameters (NWG, ADG, and SGR), serological parameters (TSP, TSA, TSG, and A:G), haematological
parameters (TLC, TEC, Hct, MCV, and MCH), and different non-specific immunological parameters (PR, PI, respiratory burst activity,
and bactericidal activity) were evaluated during the experimental trial. Fish fed a vitamin C-supplemented diet showed higher
specific growth rate (SGR) up to 1000 mg kg−1 compared with control fish. Different haematological and serological parameters along with non-specific immune parameters
were influenced by vitamin C supplementation. Among the non-specific immune parameters phagocytic activity (PR and PI) and
respiratory burst activity (NBT cells) were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) enhanced by increasing doses of vitamin C supplementation. Higher levels of dietary vitamin C significantly (P ≤ 0.05) enhanced protection against Aeromonas hydrophila (AH1) infection compared with controls. Results from this study help to establish the beneficial effect of vitamin C on growth
and immunmodulation in rohu (L. rohita). 相似文献
2.
The growth and survival of kalbasu, Labeo calbasu, was evaluated at stocking densities of 5, 10 and 15 million spawn ha−1 in nursery rearing in concrete tanks of 50 m2, each for a period of 25 days. Survival of fry was density dependent and significantly higher (54.5%) at 5 million ha−1 than those at 10 million ha−1 (50.1%) and 15 million ha−1 (46.9%). Similarly, growth and specific growth rate were inversely related to the stocking density and varied significantly among the three densities. 相似文献
3.
Nine isonitrogenous (35% crude protein approximately) and isocaloric (18.37 kJ g?1) experimental diets (RLL20–BCFL40) were formulated with either raw or treated (inoculated with fish intestinal bacteria) Leucaena leucocephala leaf meal at 20%, 30% and 40% levels replacing other ingredients partially from a fish meal based reference diet (RD). Two specific strains of fish intestinal bacteria, Bacillus subtilis (isolated from Cyprinus carpio) and B. circulans (isolated from Oreochromis mossambicus) having extracellular cellulolytic and amylolytic activities, were used to inoculate Leucaena leaf meal for 15 days at 37°C. The crude fibre, cellulose and hemicellulose contents and the antinutritional factors, tannin, phytic acid and mimosine in the leaf meal decreased due to inoculation. However, free amino acids and fatty acids increased in the treated leaf meal. The response of rohu, Labeo rohita, fingerlings fed the experimental diets for 80 days was compared with fish fed a RD. Both the inclusion level and type of Leucaena leaf meal in diets significantly affected the growth performance of rohu. Fish fed diets containing inoculated Leucaena leaf meal performed better in comparison with those with the RD. On the basis of growth response, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio and apparent net protein utilization, diet formulated with 30%Leucaena leaf meal inoculated with B. circulans resulted in the best performance of rohu fingerlings followed by diet with 40%B. subtilis inoculated Leucaena leaf meal. The apparent protein digestibility (APD) was better in fish fed diets containing B. circulans inoculated leaf meal. An increasing level of raw Leucaena leaf meal was associated with a decrease in the carcass protein content of rohu fingerlings. The activity of α‐amylase increased with the increasing level of treated leaf meal in diets. Cellulase activity increased with increasing level of inclusion of raw leaf meal, and was comparatively lower in fish fed diets with treated leaf meal. Activities of protease and lipase were higher in fish fed the RD. The results showed that it is possible to incorporate Leucaena leaf meal inoculated with enzyme‐producing fish intestinal bacteria in carp diets up to 40% level of inclusion. 相似文献
4.
The effect of aflatoxin treatment and/or feeding of a high level of α‐tocopherol on immune response and disease resistance was investigated in Indian major carp, Labeo rohita. Group A served as a healthy control, group B was treated with aflatoxin, group C was fed a high level of α‐tocopherol whereas group D was exposed both to aflatoxin and a high level of dietary α‐tocopherol for 60 days. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was injected once intraperitoneally into fish on the first day of the experiment (groups B & D). High levels of DL‐α‐tocopherol (1000 mg kg–1 feed) were provided to healthy as well as AFB1‐treated immunocompromised fish for 60 days (groups C & D). At the end of the experiment blood samples were assayed for changes in nonspecific immunity and humoral protein levels. Disease resistance against two common bacterial pathogens viz., Aeromonas hydrophila and Edwardsiella tarda were evaluated in all groups. Significant (P < 0.05) suppression of specific immunity as measured through haemagglutination (HA) titre against sheep red blood cells (SRBCs) as well as bacterial (formalin‐killed E. tarda) agglutination titre; nonspecific resistance factors viz., globulin level, serum bactericidal and lysozyme activities, neutrophil activities, and disease resistance against two bacterial pathogens only in aflatoxin‐treated fish with respect to the control group, clearly indicated the immunosuppressive nature of aflatoxin. Feeding of a high level of α‐tocopherol to AFB1‐treated immunocompromised fish significantly (P < 0.05) raised specific immunity, nonspecific resistance factors and disease resistance capacity when compared with aflatoxin‐exposed fish. Disease resistance and enhancement of immune status through feeding of high levels of α‐tocopherol to healthy as well as AFB1‐treated immunocompromised fish confirmed the potential of α‐tocopherol in carp feed for prevention of disease and for combating natural/environmental immunosuppressants. 相似文献
5.
P. Routray A.K. Choudhary D.K. Verma P. Swain S.D. Gupta 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2006,261(4):1204-1211
Cryopreservation of semen collected from dead fishes showed that it is possible to use it for fish production. We humanely killed individuals of the Indian major carp rohu, Labeo rohita and stored at different temperature regimes of 31 °C, 0 °C, − 10 °C and − 30 °C till 8 h. At every one hour interval semen from these fishes were collected by Pasteur pipette and evaluated for sperm yield/kg body weight, motility, pH, spermatocrit (%) and sperm count. The semen having suitable characteristics such as; 70% spermatocrit or above and motility index of 4 or above was cryopreserved by following a specific protocol. The cryopreserved semen of the dead fishes was stored for 7 days and then thawed in a water bath at 37 °C for 50 s. It was found that up to 8 h, spermatozoa of rohu were viable when stored at 0 °C or − 10 °C. Sperm collected after 8 h of fish death and maintained at 0 °C was the best stored condition that showed 30% larval survival. The spermatozoa collected 8 h after fish death was mostly normal as observed under scanning electron microscope and the total length of rohu spermatozoa was 25-30 μm. The hatchlings produced with this cryopreserved semen grew normally and juvenile fishes of rohu could be produced. This study suggests that germ cells such as spermatozoa of dead fishes can be cryopreserved and utilized for restoration of a species. It has the potential use in cryo-conservation of endangered fishes, restoration of animals through fertilization and genetic manipulation studies. 相似文献
6.
A new mannose-binding lectin was purified from plasma of freshwater fish, rohu (Labeo rohita) by ammonium sulphate precipitation followed by DEAE-cellulose ion-exchange chromatography. The hemagglutinating activity
is strong for neuraminidase-treated rabbit erythrocytes. Mannose, glucose and their derivatives inhibit hemagglutination.
The apparent molecular weight was determined to be 210 kDa in native PAGE. Analysed on SDS-PAGE under reducing and non-reducing
conditions, the protein migrated as a single band of mol.wt. 40,000. The lectin is acidic in nature showing a pI of 4.5. It
is a glycoprotein containing complex glycan part as indicated by carbohydrate analysis using high-pressure anion exchange
chromatography with a pulsed amperometric detector. The N-terminal sequence (WLNGIGTQIPMKITT) shows no significant homology
with known proteins. It appears to be a C-type lectin as Ca2+ is essential for carbohydrate-binding activity. Methyl -α- D-mannopyranoside was found to be the most potent inhibitor among
the monosaccharides and disaccharides tested. Purified lectin was found to induce intracellular superoxide production following
opsonization of E. coli by its own macrophages.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
7.
Dietary essentiality of ascorbic acid in rohu larvae: Quantification with ascorbic acid enriched zooplankton 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Carp larvae, like any other fish larvae dependon natural food during first few days of theirlife. In nursery conditions, high mortality andslow larval growth are of common occurrence;sub-optimal nutrition might be a possiblereason for such consequences. To improve thesituation the effect of feeding ascorbicacid-enriched live food on survival, growth,tissue biochemical composition includingascorbate level was evaluated in first feeding(3 days old) larvae (av. wt. 2.2 mg) of therohu carp, Labeo rohita (Ham.) for aperiod of 15 days (temp. 28.6 ± 1 °C)under natural photoperiod. The larvae (stockingdensity 10 l–1) were offered enriched andnon-enriched zooplankton ad libitumfollowing a rigid schedule with four feedingregimes, each having 3 replicates. In treatmentT1, non-enriched zooplankton (Moina,Daphnia, Cyclops, Diaptomus) and in T2,T3, T4 ascorbic acid enriched (12 henrichment) zooplankton [@10%, 20% and 30%ascorbyl palmitate (AP) inclusion in diet ofzooplankton] were offered. Highest survival(90%) and growth (9563% live weight gain)could be seen in T3 group and the lowestin T1 (62% survival and 805% live weightgain), thus confirming the dietary essentialityof ascorbic acid for rohu larvae. Therequirement has been shown to be 1409 µg/gdry diet. Whole body tissue analyses for crudeprotein, total lipid and RNA: DNA ratiofollowed the same trend as that of growthresponse and percent survival. Significantpositive correlation (r = 0.949 and 0.861) couldbe found with muscle RNA/DNA ratio and muscleRNA content with specific growth rate indifferent treatments. Significant differencewas found in tissue ascorbate levels betweenenriched plankton fed groups, being highest in T3. Such live foodmediated vitamin transfer might be an effectivemeans to provide higher plane of nutrition forhigh survival and rapid growth for rohu larva. 相似文献
8.
S Adhikari 《Aquaculture Research》2003,34(12):975-980
Four experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of calcium and magnesium hardness on the acute toxicity of copper sulphate to Indian major carp, rohu (Labeo rohita, Hamilton) fingerlings and juvenile catfish (Channa punctatus, Bloch) in medium alkalinity experiments. A preliminary bioassay determined the 96 h LC50 of copper sulphate to be 0.56 mg L?1 for L. rohita fingerlings and 11.78 mg L?1 for juvenile C. punctatus placed in water with calcium hardness and total alkalinity set at 100 mg L?1 CaCO3. In the first experiment, rohu were exposed to 0.56 mg L?1 copper sulphate in environments where calcium hardness was varied from 50 to 350 mg L?1 CaCO3 and total alkalinity was 100 mg L?1 CaCO3. As calcium hardness increased, copper‐induced rohu mortalities decreased significantly from 90% at 50 mg L?1 CaCO3 to 7% at 350 mg L?1 CaCO3. In the second experiment, rohu were exposed to 0.56 mg L?1 copper sulphate in environments where magnesium hardness was varied from 50 to 350 mg L?1 CaCO3 with total alkalinity set at 100 mg L?1 CaCO3. Hundred percent mortality was observed in magnesium‐based hardness treatments. In the third experiment, catfish were exposed to 11.78 mg L?1 copper sulphate in environments where calcium hardness was varied from 50 to 400 mg L?1 and total alkalinity was 100 mg L?1 CaCO3. As calcium hardness increased, copper‐induced catfish mortalities decreased significantly from 90% at 50 mg L?1 CaCO3 to 4% at 400 mg L?1 CaCO3. In the fourth experiment, catfish were exposed to 11.78 mg L?1 copper sulphate in environments where magnesium hardness was varied from 50 to 400 mg L?1 CaCO3, with total alkalinity set at 100 mg L?1 CaCO3. In this case, 100% mortality was also observed in magnesium‐based treatments. Mortality rates in magnesium hardness treatments were consistent with those in the second experiment. These data suggest a calcium‐specific mechanism with respect to acute copper toxicity both in rohu and catfish. 相似文献
9.
A.K. Prusty M.P.S. KohliN.P. Sahu A.K. PalN. Saharan S. MohapatraS.K. Gupta 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2011,100(2):124-129
Experiment was carried out to determine the median lethal concentration (LC50) of fenvalerate to Labeo rohita fingerlings. After determining the LC50 value of fenvalerate, a sub-lethal concentration (1/3rd of LC50) of fenvalerate was exposed for 15 days. Significant alterations in SOD (P < 0.05) activity of liver and gill was observed due to fenvalerate. Catalase activity in gills of fishes was also affected significantly (P < 0.05). WBC, NBT and Hct values were reduced significantly in fenvalerate exposed fishes as compared to control group, whereas blood glucose level showed higher values in fenvalerate exposed group. Serum total protein and albumin were also reduced significantly as a result of fenvalerate exposure. Significant increase in the serum GOT, serum GPT, creatinine, triglyceride and serum ACP was noticed after 15 days of fenvalerate exposure. Results indicated that short term exposure of fenvalerate can induce biochemical and haematological alterations causing stress to L. rohita fingerlings. 相似文献
10.
An 8‐week feeding experiment was conducted in a water flow‐through system (26–28 °C) to determine the dietary threonine requirement of fingerling Labeo rohita (3.90±0.03 cm; 0.58±0.02 g). Growth, feed utilization and body composition of fish fed test diets (40% crude protein; 17.9 kJ g?1 gross energy) with graded levels of l ‐threonine (0.75%, 1.0%, 1.25%, 1.50%, 1.75% and 2.0% dry diet) to apparent satiation were response variables used to assess threonine adequacy. Diets were made isonitrogenous and isoenergetic by adjusting the levels of glycine and dextrin. The amino acid profiles of the test diets were formulated to that of 40% whole chicken egg protein except for threonine. The performance of fish fed experimental diets was evaluated using calculated values for weight gain (g fish?1), feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and protein productive value (PPV) data. Maximum weight gain (g fish?1) (1.79), lowest FCR (1.39), highest PER (1.76) and PPV (0.33) were recorded at 1.50 g per 100 g dietary threonine. Statistical analysis of weight gain, FCR, PER and PPV data reflected significant differences (P<0.05) among treatments. Except for reduced growth performance in fish fed threonine‐deficient diets, no deficiency signs were noted. Weight gain, FCR, PER and PPV data were also analysed using second‐degree polynomial regression analysis to obtain a more accurate threonine requirement estimate, which was found, using each response variable, to be at 1.70, 1.63, 1.65 and 1.51 g per 100 g of dry diet, corresponding to 4.2, 4.07, 4.12 and 3.77 g per 100 g of dietary protein respectively. Based on the second‐degree polynomial regression analysis of the live weight gain, FCR, PER and PPV data, the optimum dietary level of threonine for fingerling L. rohita was found to be in the range of 1.51–1.70 g per 100 g of the dry diet, corresponding to 3.77–4.2 g per 100 g of dietary protein. 相似文献