Lipid metabolism in tomato and bean as a sensitive monitor for biocontrol of wilt diseases     

E. F. Abd-Allah  Abeer Hashem  S. M. Ezzat 《Phytoparasitica》2006,34(5):516-522

The lipids metabolism of tomato and bean plants during biological control of wilt pathogens (Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.lycopersici andF. oxysporum f.sp.phaseoli, respectively) byBacillus subtilis was investigated. The interaction of wilt pathogens with both tomato and bean caused an imbalance and drastic reduction in total lipids, triacylglycerol, sterol and all phospholipd fractions except phosphatidic acid. The application of a formulated biocontrol agent,B. subtilis, eliminated the detrimental effect of both wilt pathogens and consequently prevented catabolism of lipid fractions in both tomato and bean. Moreover, the changes in the lipid fractions as a sensitive monitor for biocontrol of wilt diseases suggest a positive correlation between the application ofB. subtilis and improvement in the host metabolism towards anabolism. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Sept. 20, 2006.  相似文献   

Comparison of early life history stages of the bay scallop, Argopecten irradians: Effects of microalgal diets on growth and biochemical composition     

Lisa M. Milke  V. Monica Bricelj  Christopher C. Parrish 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2006,260(1-4):272-289

The culture of bay scallops, Argopecten irradians, is limited by a reliable and affordable supply of spat and the ability to ensure that animals attain market size within a single growing season. The main goals of our study were thus: (1) to develop growth-optimizing algal diets for implementation in hatcheries, and (2) to identify and compare bay scallop postlarval and juvenile dietary requirements, especially of lipids and fatty acids, which if met may enhance production. Nutritional needs of postlarval bay scallops (present study) are compared with those of sea scallops, Placopecten magellanicus, offered the same diets in a previous companion study. To this end, postlarval (initial shell height, SH = 240 μm) and juvenile (initial SH = 10 mm) bay scallops were offered 6–7 microalgal diet combinations at 20 °C, for 3 weeks. A similar growth ranking among diets was observed between the two developmental stages. A combination diet of Pavlova sp. (CCMP 459) and Chaetoceros muelleri was far superior to any other diet tested, yielding growth rates of 58 and 357 μm day^− 1 which were 65% and 25% higher than the next highest performing diet of Tetraselmis striata/C. muelleri in postlarvae and juveniles, respectively. The T. striata/C. muelleri diet, which is limited in the n-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), yielded very poor growth of sea scallop postlarvae in a prior study, indicating that bay scallops may have less stringent requirements for DHA than sea scallops. The Pav 459/C. muelleri diet, which also supported the highest growth of sea scallop postlarvae, is characterized by elevated levels of the n-6 fatty acids, arachidonic (AA) in C. muelleri and 4,7,10,13,16-docosapentaenoic (DPA) in Pav 459. The two diets deficient in AA and n-6 DPA, Pavlova lutheri/Thalassiosira weissflogii and P. lutheri/Fragilaria familica, yielded the lowest growth rates in both bay scallop postlarvae and juveniles. Tissue enrichment of these two fatty acids relative to the diet, as well as overall enrichment in ∑n-6 fatty acids was observed across developmental stages and dietary treatments. A similar pattern has previously been observed in sea scallop postlarvae, suggesting a dietary requirement for n-6 fatty acids in pectinids that has often been overlooked in the past.  相似文献   

Ozonation as an alternative to chlorination for soft wheat flours     

Sasivimon Chittrakorn  Dru Earls  Finlay MacRitchie 《Journal of Cereal Science》2014

High ratio cakes made from ozonated flour attained volumes and other quality characteristics comparable to those from chlorinated flours at 36 min ozonation time. Ozone thus appears to be a viable and more environmentally acceptable alternative to chlorine. Extraction of lipids from flour caused deterioration of cake quality which was not restored by ozonation, indicating that lipids were involved in the improving effects of ozonation. Oxidation by ozone led to higher molecular weights of polymeric proteins.  相似文献   

The fat that matters: Soil food web analysis using fatty acids and their carbon stable isotope signature     

Liliane Ruess  Paul M. Chamberlain 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2010,42(11):1898-1910

Chemical taxonomy based upon the composition of lipids is widely applied to investigate microbial communities and fatty acids have recently been employed to connect soil microbial and faunal food webs as well as to elucidate functional groups at higher trophic levels. The additional use of compound-specific isotopic analysis of ¹³C/¹²C ratios in fatty acids allows assessing specific trophic links and belowground carbon fluxes. In this review systematic patterns and processes underlying variations in the composition of fatty acids and their ¹³C/¹²C ratio are described. The emphasis is on biomarker fatty acids, their incorporation and modification, effects of pool size, and analytical methods. Further development of the application of fatty acid profiling to soil ecology should include both advances in experimental research and growth of theory. Accordingly, areas in which future experimentation can lead to progress in soil food web analysis are identified. Overall, combining fatty acid biomarker and their isotopic ratios will allow detailed insight into belowground trophic interactions.  相似文献   

Lipid metabolism is improved by L-carnitinein semi-starved rats fed on high fat diet     

FENG Yu  GUO Chang-jiang  WEI Jing-yu  YANG Ji-jun  GE Yu-zhang  GAO Lan-xing 《园艺学报》2000,16(12):1313-1316

AIM: To investigate the effects of exogenous L-carnitine on lipid metabolism in semi-starved rats fed on high fat diet. METHODS: The semi-starved rats were restricted half in calorie intake on high fat diet for 2 week. L-carnitine was supplied at dose of 250 mg/kg·bw. The changes of plasma carnitine concentration, urinary excretion of ketone body, serum lipase activity, muscle carnitine palmitoyl transferase activity, triglyceride secretion and clearance rate were measured. RESULTS: The results showed that the concentration of plasma free carnitine increased significantly in carnitine supplemented rats compared to normal and semi-starved rats.The activities of muscle carnitine palmitoyltransferase and serum lipase were significantly enhanced in carnitine supplemented rats. The triglyceride secretion rate (TGSR) was also improved remarkably by carnitine supplementation. Meanwhile, the urinary excretion of ketone body was reduced significantly in carnitine supplemented rats compared to semi-starved rats. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that carnitine supplementation can significantly increase the plasma concentration of free carnitine and accelerate the lipid metabolism in semi-starved rats fed on high fat diet.  相似文献   

Waxy durum acts as a unique form of crumb softener in bread     

Julie Lafaye  Heiterani LeeLaura Blake  Colin Jenner 《Journal of Cereal Science》2013

Flour milled from waxy durum grain was incorporated into bread formulations and its effects on crumb softness and loaf volume compared to those of added fats and emulsifiers. Waxy durum had a small effect on increasing loaf volume, and little of this effect could be explained by dough height or oven spring; effects of most other additives were closely related to dough height or oven spring. For all additives, the relationship between crumb softness and loaf volume fitted a power law relationship. Waxy durum and some of the additives had a greater softening effect than predicted from their effect on volume while others produced a much firmer crumb. With only one exception, when combined with other additives waxy durum reduced compression of the crumb more than predicted on the basis of the effects on loaf volume of the additives alone. In common with some of the added lipids, during compression analysis, crumb prepared with waxy durum flour had similar levels of structural damage as crumb baked from the standard formulation; other lipids and emulsifiers produced more fragile crumb. Waxy durum flour appears to have unique effects on crumb softness.  相似文献   

二丁基羟基甲苯对雨生红球藻虾青素和油脂积累的影响          下载免费PDF全文

岳陈陈  余旭亚  赵永腾  王惠萍 《渔业科学进展》2019,40(6):145-153

以雨生红球藻(Haematococcus pluvialis)为对象,研究高光照、缺氮条件下,外源添加不同浓度的二丁基羟基甲苯(Butylated hydroxytoluene, BHT)对雨生红球藻生长、虾青素积累、油脂合成、脂肪酸组成、碳水化合物、蛋白含量以及虾青素和脂肪酸合成相关酶基因的影响。结果显示,添加不同浓度的BHT后,2 mg/L BHT添加组虾青素积累量为最高,显著高于其他实验组和对照组(P<0.05),达到31.66 mg/g,是对照组的1.87倍。油脂含量达45.56%,高于同期对照组(39.06%),脂肪酸组成变化不显著。在此条件下,虾青素合成关键酶基因dxs和bkt表达水平分别是对照组的5.19倍和2.04倍;脂肪酸合成关键酶基因kas和acp表达水平较对照组显著提高(P<0.05),分别是对照组的4.56倍和3.02倍。与对照组相比,2 mg/L BHT添加组的碳水化合物和蛋白含量均呈下降趋势。研究表明,在胁迫条件下,外源添加适量浓度的BHT能有效促进雨生红球藻中虾青素的积累,同时提高了藻细胞内的油脂含量。  相似文献   

Effect of Urtica dioica extract intake upon blood lipid profile in the rats   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Daher CF  Baroody KG  Baroody GM 《Fitoterapia》2006,77(3):183-188

Aqueous (150 mg/kg/day) and to a lesser extent petroleum ether (20 mg/kg/day) extract of Urtica dioica given for 30 days to rats fed with normal or high-fat diet, improved the blood lipid profile. Significant decreases in total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio and plasma total apo B were observed. Assessment of GOT, GPT and LDH activities showed that no liver damage has occurred during the study period.  相似文献   

Prediction of milled rice grades using Fourier transform near-infrared spectroscopy and artificial neural networks   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

K.J. Chen  M. Huang 《Journal of Cereal Science》2010

This paper describes a method to rapidly and objectively predict the grades of milled rice according to the surface lipid content (SLC), which was determined by using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. Sixty-six rice varieties were milled to different degrees. Then each sample was graded by a three-member panel. After the NIR spectra for each sample were collected over the wavenumber range of 11,000–4000 cm⁻¹, the SLC of each sample was measured according to the official method. The calibration equations relating the Fourier Transform Near-infrared (FT-NIR) spectra to the measured SLC were developed based on the partial least square (PLS) regression. The best model gave the root mean square error of the prediction (RMSEP) of 0.0248% and the determination coefficients of 0.9905. If the relationships between the grades and the SLC predicted by the developed NIR model were described with the linear and the logarithmic regression equations, the correct prediction percents (CCP) were 75.76% and 83.33%, respectively. When the back propagation artificial neural network (BP-ANN) model was developed to estimate the grades according to SLC, the resultant CCP was 95.45%, indicating that the milled rice grades could be predicted by the proposed BP-ANN model with satisfactory accuracy.  相似文献   

Decomposition of Medicago sativa Debris Incubated at Different Depths under Mediterranean Climate     

Pere Rovira  V. Ramon Vallejo 《Arid Land Research and Management》2013,27(3):265-280

Reports on the dynamics of carbon and nitrogen at different depths in soil profiles usually describe a higher mineralization of both at upper horizons. Nevertheless, under Mediterranean climate, upper soil horizons are strongly affected by drought, especially in summer, and may offer pedoclimatic conditions less favorable to microbial activity than deep soil layers. Therefore, decomposition could be slower in the upper soil layers. To test this hypothesis, mixtures of Medicago sativa ground plants and soil material were incubated in the field, at 5, 20, and 40 cm depth, in nylon mesh bags. Mineralization of carbon and nitrogen was studied for two years. At 5 cm, mineralization of both elements was lower, and no differences were found between 20 and 40 cm. After two years of field incubation, the remaining carbon (as a percentage of the initial content) was 27.95 % +/- 0.88 at 5 cm depth, 19.87% +/- 0.77 at 20 cm, and 18.78 % +/- 1.19 at 40 cm. Mineralization of nitrogen exceeded that of carbon. After two years of field incubation, the remaining nitrogen (as a percentage of the initial content) was 17.62% +/- 3.06 at 5 cm depth, 12.17% +/- 0.94 at 20 cm, and 11.26% +/- 0.99 at 40 cm. The biodegradation rate in upper layers was lower for all biochemical fractions (water-soluble compounds, lipids, polysaccharides, lignin). This contrasts with the usual findings on this topic, but is consistent with our previous results with forest litter samples. Mineralization clearly followed double-exponential kinetics, with a labile and a recalcitrant pool of both carbon and nitrogen. The labile pool of carbon accounted for about 50% of the total initial carbon, whereas that of nitrogen accounted for about 60%. No clear effect of depth on the proportion between the labile and the recalcitrant pool was observed, neither for carbon nor for nitrogen. It was not possible to identify both pools with the biochemical fractions, suggesting that these pools should be interpreted in physical terms (unprotected vs. protected ). No direct effect of depth on the global retention of N was detected.  相似文献