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Abstract Two experiments were carried out to assess the short-term impacts to juvenile school prawns, Metapenaeus macleayi (Haswell) discarded from commercial seining and trawling in New South Wales, Australia, and the potential utility of modifications to operational and/or onboard handling practices designed to improve survival. For both gears, discards were handled according to two general categories of treatment (termed mild and extreme) chosen to represent the plausible limits of severity during existing commercial operations. A total of 600 trawled and 480 seined school prawns (from both treatments), along with appropriate numbers of controls (previously collected and housed in acclimation tanks), were placed into cages (in groups of 10). Subsets of each of these groups were then destructively sampled over periods of up to 5 days and examined for their mortality and physiological response (measured as levels of l -lactate in the haemolymph). In both experiments, the temporal mortalities in the treatment groups ranged between 0% and 15% and, for the most part, were not significantly different to controls. Prawns in the treatment groups had similar, significantly elevated levels of l -lactate approximately 40 min after being caught, but these returned to levels approaching baseline estimates within 48 h. Under the conditions examined, juvenile school prawns appear capable of withstanding a range of stressors associated with being discarded from active gears, and their fate is not greatly influenced by the duration of gear deployment and subsequent air exposure. However, further work is required to quantify other sources of unaccounted fishing mortality and, ultimately, the impacts that discarding has on stocks. 相似文献
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沙栖新对虾Ｍｅｔａｐｅｎａｅｕｓ ｍａｏｙｅｂｉ ｋｉｓｈｉｎｏｕｙｅ广泛分布于印度－西太平洋地区，我国分布于福建、台湾、广东、海南和广西沿海，为我国东南沿海常见虾类之一，一般体长５５－９０毫米，其中雄性以６０－６５毫米、雌性以７０－８５毫米的体长出现频率最高，该虾群体中性成熟比例随体长增加而增大，在繁殖季节内体长在８０毫米以上的个体性腺多已成熟。沙栖新个体虽小，但生长发育很快，对环境的适应，尤其 相似文献
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采用RACE技术,克隆了近缘新对虾cyclinB基因,该序列全长1 667 bp,编码区1 209bp共编码402个氨基酸,所推导的氨基酸序列N端不存在信号肽.BLAST比对后发现,其氨基酸序列与刀额新对虾的同源性达90％.经RT-PCR检测,cyclin B基因在近缘新对虾的卵巢和肌肉中表达水平最高,胸神经节和心脏次之,鳃、眼柄神经节、肝胰腺几乎没有表达.推测主要与cyclin B在细胞周期中调控细胞分裂的功能有关.原核表达结果显示,pET32a表达载体在0.2 mmol/L IPTG、25℃诱导4h条件下可得到纯度较高的分子量约67 ku的蛋白. 相似文献
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Estimating rates of mortality is important for assessing stocks and for effectively managing seafood resources. This study reports the first estimates of rates of instantaneous fishing mortality (F) and natural mortality (M) for the commercially important school prawn, Metapenaeus macleayi. Replicated tag-recapture experiments were conducted on two stocks (Clarence River and Wallis Lake) to estimate the catchability coefficient (q) and F, whilst M was estimated from meta-analyses. Experiments were conducted across spatial and temporal scales to consider variability between stocks and variability between fisheries targeting this resource. The catchability coefficient was fitted to tag-recapture data in a population model across a range of M values (0.001-0.025 per day) and average daily F values were calculated. Values of q ranged between 2.03E−04 and 5.43E−02 and, 1.29E−04 and 3.41E−03 for the Clarence River and Wallis Lake stocks, respectively. Average daily F ranged between 2.86E−03 and 1.69 for the Clarence stock and 1.71E−03 and 3.44E−02 for the Wallis stock. With one exception (the November 2004 experiment) there were no differences in q and F values between experiments conducted on the Wallis Lake stock. For the Clarence stock values of q and F varied between years and within years. Factors thought to contribute to this variability were changes in prawn behaviour, differences in sizes of prawns tagged between experiments and differences in the survival of tagged prawns. The catchability coefficient for the Clarence River stock was weakly correlated to greater rates of river discharge. Estimates of F for the Wallis stock, the Clarence stock in 2004-05 and estimates of M were comparable to those reported for other penaeid fisheries world wide. There was no consistent pattern in comparisons of q and F values between the predominantly trawling operation of the Clarence River fishery and the seine netting of the fishery in Wallis Lake. 相似文献
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Larvae of Metapenaeus monoceros (Fabricius) at protozoea 1 (PZ1) stage were stocked in 2‐L glass flasks to investigate the effects of various salinities (25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50 and 55 ppt) on growth and survival until the post‐larval (PL) stages. The PZ larvae were not able to tolerate a sudden salinity drop of over 10 ppt. Yet, an abrupt salinity increase of over 10 or even 15 ppt did not cause mortality. The PZ larvae were successfully acclimated to different test salinities at a rate of 4 ppt h?1. The larvae displayed better tolerance to high rather than low salinities. The lowest and highest critical salinities appeared to be 22 and 55 ppt respectively. Taking into account survival, growth and development results, the optimal salinity for the larval culture of M. monoceros inhabiting the Eastern Mediterranean was 40 ppt. At this salinity, the PZ1 larvae were successfully cultured until PL1 stage within 11 days with 68% survival on a feeding regime of Tetraselmis chuii Kylin (Butcher) (20 cells μ L?1), Chaetoceros calcitrans Paulsen (50 cells μ L?1), Isochrysis galbana Parke (30 cells μL?1) and five newly hatched Artemia nauplii mL?1 from M1 onwards at 28 °C. 相似文献
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广东大鹏湾虾拖网网囊网目选择性研究 总被引：2，自引：4，他引：2
虾拖网渔业是南海海域重要的作业方式之一,但尚未有关该渔业网目尺寸选择性的报道。为评价虾拖网渔具的渔获性能、合理利用虾类资源,在广东大鹏湾进行了网目选择性试验。试验采用双支架虾拖网作为试验网具,并使用套网法估算了网目内径为35、40和45 mm的网囊对主捕虾类的选择性。结果显示,虾类渔获中刀额新对虾、须赤虾、周氏新对虾和日本囊对虾渔获数量较多,比较以往资料,刀额新对虾和周氏新对虾优势体长、平均体长均有所下降,其它2种虾类平均体长未见明显变化;选择性分析结果显示,主捕虾类的L50随网目尺寸线性增大。根据试验结果并结合历史资料,笔者认为现阶段35 mm的网囊网目尺寸对于保护上述4种虾类资源是比较合适的。 相似文献
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为了研究虾拖网网囊对刀额新对虾(Metapenaeus ensis)的选择性,2014—2017年于南海海域使用套网法和裤网法对2组菱目网囊(D25和D30)和6组混目网囊(S35+D18、S25+D25、S30+D25、S35+D25、S35+D30和S35+D35)进行选择性试验。以SELECT模型为基础框架,以logsitic曲线为模型,使用极大似然估算法估算单网次和联合网次下网囊对刀额新对虾的选择性。结果表明,菱目网囊D25和D30对刀额新对虾的选择性很差,逃逸数量很少;套网法试验中,混目网囊S35+D18、S25+D25、S30+D25和S35+D25对刀额新对虾的平均50%选择体长(L50)分别为51.52 mm、60.84 mm、63.21 mm和64.53 mm,平均选择范围(SR)分别为16.48 mm、14.31 mm、12.84 mm和9.75 mm;裤网法试验中,混目网囊S35+D25、S35+D30和S35+D35对刀额新对虾的平均L50分别为75.43 mm、82.38 mm和95.39 mm,平均SR分别为6.93 mm、6.39 mm和20.44 mm,平均相对作业强度(p)分别为0.51、0.52和0.64。综合南海区刀额新对虾的首次性成熟体长(80 mm)和网囊选择性等多方面因素,认为S35+D30网囊的选择性较好,研究结果可为南海海域虾拖网的渔具管理和刀额新对虾资源的合理利用提供参考。 相似文献
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Environmental factors influencing the reproduction of an estuarine penaeid population and implications for management 
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下载免费PDF全文 J. A. Crisp N. R. Loneragan J. R. Tweedley F. M. L. D’Souza B. Poh 《Fisheries Management and Ecology》2018,25(3):203-219
This study determined environmental factors influencing the reproductive dynamics of a recreationally fished penaeid Metapenaeus dalli Racek in the Swan–Canning Estuary, south‐western Australia, during a restocking programme. Prawns were collected from nearshore (<2 m deep) and offshore waters (>2 m deep) every lunar month from October 2013 to March 2016. Reproduction occurred between November and March, when water temperature was >17°C, salinity >25 and stratification (bottom–surface salinity) <3. Densities of gravid M. dalli were highest in November of each year when 0+ females matured (19 mm; ~56% asymptotic length) and were highest in the Lower Canning Estuary. Individual fecundity ranged from 34,000 (18.1 mm carapace length [CL]) to 132,000 ova (27.1 mm CL). Egg production peaked in December/January and differed among years, being greatest in 2015/2016. These results suggest that closing fishing between November and December would protect breeding aggregations of M. dalli in inshore waters. 相似文献