排序方式： 共有17条查询结果，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Catherine Taverny Isabelle Ortusi Charles Roqueplo Mario Lepage Patrick Lambert 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2012,21(1):87-99
Abstract – Habitat requirements of lamprey ammocoetes (Petromyzon marinus and Lampetra genus) were investigated, for the first time, from shallow to deep waters, at different spatial scales across the Gironde‐Dordogne continuum, thanks to a water suction dredge. Fish‐habitat relationships were assessed through two complementary statistical analyses: habitat‐use curves and habitat suitability models using the Boosted Regression Trees (BRT) technique. Analyses were performed on a small‐size data set that was characterised by the low prevalence of lamprey. The sea lamprey larvae occurred in deeper areas than their Lampetra genus counterparts. ‘Pools’ of 2 m’ depth and more were optimal habitats for the former species. Among the environmental variables retained to model lamprey occurrences, the mesohabitat (a categorical variable) was demonstrated to be highly influential, in terms of fine grain‐size substratum and vegetation cover. These preliminary results suggest that monitoring using the water suction dredge method may contribute to sea lamprey conservation. 相似文献
2.
The septate gregarine Nematopsis marinus n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Cephaline) heavily infected the midgut of cultured Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone) in Ecuador. It is morphologically similar to other species of the genera Nematopsis, but it can be distinguished from them, by having gamonts with a prominent hemispherical protomerite that contained numerous refractile granules and unusual strong gliding movement. There is evidence that shrimp acquired the infection in the ponds, as larval or postlarval stages do not showed infection. Juveniles and adult shrimp had a prevalence and intensity of infection ranging from 50% to 80% and 10 to > 5000 parasites respectively. When voided from the gut, the gregarine keep alive in seawater. This gregarine have been associated with the marine environment and there are no records of this species in low salinity waters or freshwater. Results suggest that N. marinus could have most of the life cycle of the species within the host L. vannamei. 相似文献
3.
Joaquín Soler Catherine Boisneau Philippe Jug Nina Richard Yann Guerez Laure Morisseau Karl Matthias Wantzen Rafael Araujo 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2019,29(10):1758-1770
- 相似文献
4.
R. T. Di Rocco N.S. Johnson L. Brege I. Imre G.E. Brown 《Fisheries Management and Ecology》2016,23(6):548-560
Three in‐stream experiments were conducted to determine whether sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus L., tissue extract (alarm cue) and 2‐phenylethylamine hydrochloride (PEA HCl, a putative predator cue) influenced the distribution of migrating adult sea lamprey. Experiments evaluated sea lamprey movement when an odour was applied to (1) a tributary of a larger stream; and (2) half of a stream channel. Fewer sea lamprey entered the tributary and side of the river scented with sea lamprey tissue extract compared to the control treatment. Sea lamprey did not avoid the tributary and side of the river scented with PEA HCl. A final laboratory experiment found no difference in the avoidance response of sea lamprey to PEA HCl mixed with river water vs PEA HCl mixed with water from Lake Huron. As such, the lack of sea lamprey response to PEA HCl in the stream was unlikely to have been caused by the presence of the river water. Rather, the difference between laboratory and field results may be attributed to the complexity of the physical environment. 相似文献
5.
本文以分离自渤海潮间带海洋芽胞杆菌（Bacillus marinus）B〖CD*2〗9987为研究对象,在番茄活体和离体条件下,初步研究了B 9987菌株对番茄灰霉病和早疫病的防治作用及其机制。试验结果表明,B 9987菌株活菌液处理,表现最强的抑菌和控制病害的作用,其中对番茄灰葡萄孢菌和茄链格孢菌最低抑菌浓度均为4 μL/mL,对两种病害的生防效果分别达85.1%和88.4%;各处理番茄植株5种防御酶活性均显著增加,其中活菌原液处理诱导效果最好,对苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性表现为最高,分别为对照的4.13、2.54、1.85倍。表明B 9987菌株对番茄病害的防治是抑菌和诱导抗性综合作用的结果。 相似文献
6.
Species‐specific communication systems in an introduced toad compared with native frogs in Australia
- 1. Lineage‐specific communication systems may offer innovative ways of targeting control measures at invasive species.
- 2. Recent work has identified such a scenario in invasive cane toads (Bufo marinus) in Australia: toad tadpoles flee from chemical cues derived from crushed conspecifics, and this ‘alarm pheromone’ reduces tadpole survival rates and reduces body size at metamorphosis.
- 3. Before this method can be applied in the field, however, the signal's specificity needs to be tested against a wide range of Australian frog taxa, especially tropical species sympatric with cane toads. A signal that affected native frogs as well as toads clearly would be of little use for toad control.
- 4. Laboratory studies on cane toads and nine native frog taxa from the wet–dry tropics of the Northern Territory (Cyclorana australis, C. longipes, Limnodynastes convexiusculus, Litoria caerulea, L. dahlii, L. nasuta, L. rothii, L. rubella, Opisthodon ornatus) show that toad tadpoles rarely react to chemical cues from crushed frog tadpoles, and that frog tadpoles rarely react to chemical cues from crushed toad tadpoles. Crushed toad tadpoles occasionally elicited low‐level attraction (to a potential food source) by frog tadpoles.
- 5. Overall, frog tadpoles were less responsive to chemical cues (either from crushed conspecifics or crushed toads) than were toad tadpoles. The low level of cross‐lineage reactivity is encouraging for the feasibility of using cane toad alarm pheromones to control this invasive species in Australia; the risk of collateral damage to sympatric native frogs appears to be minimal. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
7.
Abiotic triggers for sea and river lamprey spawning migration and juvenile outmigration in the River Rhine,Germany 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 The activity patterns of migrating lampreys (sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus and river lamprey Lampetra fluviatilis) are poorly understood. This study uses extensive screening data from the cooling water intake of a nuclear power plant on the River Rhine, Germany, gathered on 1308 days over 46 consecutive months between 2011 and 2014. More than 34,000 lampreys were retrieved, of which the great majority (99.9%) were outmigrating nonfeeding postmetamorphic individuals. The main factors controlling outmigration were season, water temperature and river discharge. The bulk of downstream migration was observed each year in spring at water temperatures between 9 and 12°C, with earlier migrations during significant discharge peaks between December and February. The migration activity of postmetamorphic individuals declined during summer and autumn, regardless of discharge. Turbidity increased the occurrence of postmetamorphic lampreys and supported diurnal migration, which accounted for nearly 20% of all lamprey records. In winter, outmigrating individuals of both species exhibited significantly longer body lengths than those detected during other seasons. Haematophagus postmetamorphic sea lampreys were also retrieved (n = 28) and represent the most upstream records of parasitically feeding sea lamprey detected thus far. Adult lampreys migrating upstream were found mainly in spring, but in very low numbers, indicating high prespawning mortalities. The study points to a challenging future for the protection of lampreys in this area: the long duration and the round‐the‐clock nature of the observed migration demand flexible solutions to realise safe operational windows for water intake stations and to minimise impacts on juvenile lampreys. 相似文献
8.
Larval sea lamprey release two unique bile acids** to the water at a rate sufficient to produce detectable riverine pheromone plumes 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Christine N. Polkinghorne Judith M. Olson Daniel G. Gallaher Peter W. Sorensen 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2001,24(1):15-30
The discovery that the olfactory system of the anadromous sea lamprey is extremely sensitive to two unique bile acids (petromyzonol sulfate [PS] and allocholic acid [ACA]) produced by stream-resident larval conspecifics has lead us to hypothesize that these compounds function as a migratory pheromone. Here, we test whether lamprey release these bile acids to the water in quantities sufficient for them to function as a long distance attractant. Five experiments were conducted. First, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of liver extracts from all three life history stages of this species established that only larvae produce PS and ACA; parasites and maturing adults produced no identifiable bile acids. Large quantities of PS and ACA were found in larval gall bladders. Second, HPLC analyses of larval lamprey holding waters established that recently-fed larvae held in the laboratory release these bile acids to the water, with PS being released at a rate of approximately 16 ng h–1 animal–1 and ACA at 5 ng h–1 animal–1. Fasted animals released little bile acid. Third, an investigation of bile acid release routes demonstrated that larvae release bile acids primarily via their feces. Fourth, a study of the stability of ACA and PS in river water found both to have a half-life of a day. Finally, theoretical extrapolations using these data suggest that PS and ACA are present in picomolar concentrations in lamprey streams, a concentration within the detection range of adults. In conclusion, these data demonstrate for the first time in a fish that bile acid release rates and modes are adequate for these compounds to have pheromonal function. 相似文献
9.
中国对虾红腿病致病菌的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文对中国对虾(Penaeus orientalis Kishinouye)“红腿病”的病原菌分离、培养、菌种鉴定、人工感染、药敏试验等进行了试验研究,确认引起中国对虾“红腿病”不是单一的菌,不仅有海产弧菌(Vibrio marinus),而且还有产碱假单胞菌和类产碱假单胞菌(Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes)、反硝化产碱菌反硝化亚种(Alcaligenesdenitrificans Subsp·denitrifi—cans)、争论产碱菌(Alcaligenes Paradoxus)。 相似文献
10.
Joo M. Oliveira Maria T. Ferreira Antnio N. Pinheiro Jorge H. Bochechas 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2004,14(5):481-489
- 1. The sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) is an anadromous species that occurs in some large Iberian rivers, such as the Tagus, and their tributaries. The sea lamprey populations of the River Tagus are threatened by habitat loss and overexploitation, which means that conservation measures, including maintenance of the spawning grounds, are urgent. Habitat loss is mainly due to hydroelectric and flood‐control dams that have affected the migration and spawning habitats of anadromous species. The main objective of this study was to use a simple, cost‐effective method to assess a minimum instream flow for the regulated River Tagus. The method used was based on the wetted perimeter–discharge relationship, but accounted for the habitat requirements of spawning sea lampreys.
- 2. In 1998, a habitat survey was conducted along a 30 km segment of the River Tagus downstream from Belver Dam (the first impassable obstacle for fish movements), a stretch that includes potential habitats for spawning sea lampreys. Four spawning areas were identified, and in each one a representative reach was selected along which to collect elevation and geo‐positional data. For a range of flows from 0 to 50 m3 s?1, hydraulic modelling and studies of spawning habitat availability were conducted, both for each reach and for the total wetted area of the four reaches.
- 3. The availability of spawning habitat was limited by flow. Results showed that the present minimum flow downstream from Belver Dam (8 m3 s?1) is insufficient to ensure suitable habitat conditions in a significant part of the segment studied; gains in wetted usable area were more substantial with discharges of up to 20 m3 s?1, and thus a minimum flow of 10–20 m3 s?1 was recommended. Potential spawning habitat could be improved by increasing instream flow to at least 50 m3 s?1. The impacts of the Belver release regime on anadromous species are discussed and a more ‘ecologically oriented’ form of water management is suggested