Impact of traditional soil burning (guie) on Planosol properties and land‐use intensification in south‐western Ethiopia          下载免费PDF全文

A. Verdoodt  M. Dumon  J. Deckers  E. Van Ranst 《Soil Use and Management》2015,31(2):330-336

In the Gilgel Gibe catchment in Ethiopia, local farmers intensify land use on Planosols by adjusting a traditional soil burning practice known as guie. The burning practice used to be applied in a cycle of shifting cultivation. However, more recently, farmers burn small plots to make fertile seedbeds for Eucalyptus seedlings in the first year before these trees are transplanted to larger plots. The purpose of this research was to assess the physico‐chemical properties of Planosols that have been subjected to burning over the last 10 yrs and evaluate the contribution of guie to land‐use intensification of these soils. Transect studies and interviews of local farmers, followed by chemical, physical and micromorphological analyses of samples from selected plots were used to compare the soil properties of recently (0–2 yrs) and formerly (3–10 yrs) burnt Planosols with those of unburnt Planosols. The analytical results show that the burning practice improved nutrient availability in the first 2 yrs after guie. Increased amounts of exchangeable aluminium (Al) were reported in the long term. Charge fingerprints illustrate that the nutrient‐buffering capacity of the soil was high shortly after the practice but subsequently decreased with time. Given the population pressure on the formerly extensively used Planosols, it is argued that the current application of guie on small, localized plots for raising Eucalyptus seedlings is well adapted to the local socio‐economic context and promotes land‐use intensification on the Planosols. The increased exchangeable Al content of former Eucalyptus seedbeds merits further in‐depth research into the biophysical sustainability of the burning practice.  相似文献   

Calculating the Hollowing-center Grounding Device Resistance Based on the Surface Charge Simulation Method     

CHEN Xian-lu  YU Yu-ming  LIU Yu-gen 《保鲜与加工》2006,(4):21-24

An equivalent model for hollowing-center grounding device is proposed, the hollowing-center grounding device resistance is calculated with the surface charge simulation method and the computer programme is programmed based on this model. The accuracy of the model and method is validated by experimentation.  相似文献   

荷电喷雾电晕电极诱导电场数值计算与分析     

陈志刚  杨超珍  孙英琨  储金宇 《排灌机械》2007,25(4):57-60

为深入研究电晕荷电喷雾产生电场的分布情况,针对电晕荷电喷雾中常用的多针组合式电极,采用电荷模拟法,运用matlab软件编程,对电极诱导电场进行数值计算,得出了电场中任意点的电势、场强值及其分布图。通过计算分析发现,电晕放电产生的静电场是极不均匀的;场强由电极结构参数-极径、电极尖端曲率半径、电极电压、针状电极的个数以及电极环中心距地面的垂直高度决定;雾滴从喷嘴到靶标的输运过程中,电晕电极产生的电场仅在输运初始阶段对雾滴的运动起主导作用。  相似文献   

增加投入实现引黄灌溉良性发展     

耿敏 《中国农村水利水电》1991,(7)

引黄灌溉经济效益显著,但是灌区管理单位的财务收益却入不敷出。根据经济效益分析与水费收交情况,作者认为应加强水费回收,多方面集资以及深化水费改革等,以利于灌溉事业的良性发展。  相似文献   

Water Pricing and Sustainability of Self-Governing Irrigation Schemes     

Pierre-Yves Le Gal  Thierry Rieu  Charles Fall 《Irrigation and Drainage Systems》2003,17(3):213-238

The sustainability of self-governingirrigation schemes is currently underpressure in many countries as publicfinancial support is decreasing.Furthermore, growing global concernregarding water scarcity means thatefficient water use is essential.Theoretically the choice and implementationof a water-pricing system should play acentral role in achieving this objective,both by recovering water costs and byencouraging farmers to adopt more efficientbehaviour. In the Senegal River Delta newlyestablished water users associations (WUAs)have chosen low water charges, which areaffordable for the majority of farmers butwhich underestimate long-term maintenancecosts. Combined with the difficulty ofcollecting and managing farmers' fees, thischoice has drawn them into a vicious circleleading to scheme deterioration and poorwater service. New alternatives have beendiscussed with them using a simulation toolthat takes into account both the watercosts and the farmers' incomes. Comparedwith the present fixed water charge basedonly on cultivated land, a two-part optionbased both on equipped and irrigated areasensures the recovery of fixed expenses suchas maintenance, while encouraging farmersto intensify their farming systems byadopting double cropping. Neverthelesschoosing a relevant water charge does notensure by itself the sustainability of anirrigation scheme. Combined supportproviding WUAS and farmers with efficientadvice regarding management andorganisational skills should alsocontribute significantly to achieve thisprime objective.  相似文献   

静电凝并中荷电粒子的运动方程及近似解   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

高正平  罗惕乾  康灿  王晓英 《中国农机化》2006,(4):65-68

本文分析静电除尘器预凝并粒子的运动情况,研究了荷电气固两相流中粒子运动与气流运动的关系,通过对荷电粒子的受力分析,在粒子运动过程中考虑了库仑力、压差力、附加质量力、Stokes阻力以及Basset力对荷电粒子的作用,而忽略其它力的影响,建立了湍流中描述粒子运动的基本方程—BBO(Basset-Boussinesq-Oseen)方程,用谱分解方法进行求解,并得到荷电粒子凝并运动方程的两组近似解,从而确定了粒子运动与气流运动的关系,αr为近似解的重要参数,随着αr的变化,粒子运动的复杂性随之变化。  相似文献   

燃料添加剂对均质压缩燃烧影响的试验     

李超  纪常伟  何洪  沈自友  何超  李韫喆 《农业机械学报》2007,38(4):1-3

在一台改造的4缸柴油机的第4缸进行均质压燃（HCCI）燃烧试验，研究了添加剂对HCCI燃烧过程的影响。试验结果表明，在HCCI燃烧稳定工况下，没有添加剂的基础燃料PRF90（相当于90号汽油）着火滞后，燃烧放热峰值低，而混有添加剂的基础燃料则着火明显提前，燃烧放热峰值升高。在相同循环喷油量和相同转速的条件下，随着添加剂质量分数的增加，HCCI着火和燃烧放热提前，燃烧放热峰值提高，但过高的添加剂质量分数会使得发动机爆震，工作粗暴。  相似文献   

混合动力汽车动力电池容量特性   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

曾小华  王庆年  王伟华 《农业机械学报》2004,35(6):12-14,11

针对混合动力汽车动力电池的特点，运用计算机软硬件设备构成测试系统，利用较易实现的电流积分方法来预估电量状态参数SOC，并进行了电池的实际容量特性试验，对电池电压、电流及温度进行了数据采集和监测。结果表明，利用该方法可得到较满意的电池电量状态参数估计。  相似文献   

Enhanced efficiency of electrostatically charged insecticide aerosols     

Whitmore LF  Hughes JF  Harrison N  Abela M  O'Rourke P 《Pest management science》2001,57(5):432-436

The bioefficacy of a standard domestic aerosol insecticide has been compared with that of a similar spray in which the droplets were electrostatically charged. The aerosol was charged without the need for an external power supply, by enhancing natural charge separation processes that occur during atomisation. The charge-to-mass ratio achieved was 1.1 x 10(-4) C kg-1, compared with 2.2 x 10(-5) C kg-1 for the standard aerosol. Efficiency was assessed for insects in free flight. A direct space-spray application method was used to study the bioefficacy of these aerosols on houseflies, Musca domestica, and an indirect space-spray method on houseflies and mosquitoes, Culex quinquefasciatus. Two levels of concentration of active ingredients were compared. At low concentrations of 1.57 g kg-1 of bioallethrin and 0.29 g kg-1 of bioresmethrin, the charged aerosol achieved a significant reduction in KDT50 (time at which 50% of the flies were knocked down), compared with the standard aerosol. In the direct spray application to houseflies, the KDT50 was reduced by 50%, while in the indirect spray the KDT50 was reduced by 40%. In the indirect spray of mosquitoes, the KDT50 was reduced by 22%. With higher active ingredient concentrations of 2.09 g kg-1 for bioallethrin and 0.39 g kg-1 for bioresmethrin, the charged aerosol also demonstrated faster knockdown than the standard, but the improvement was less marked. In the direct spray application to houseflies, the KDT50 was reduced by 21% compared with the standard aerosol, while in the indirect spray the KDT50 was reduced by 16%. In the indirect spray of mosquitoes, the KDT50 was reduced by 24%. The percentage mortality after 24 h was also increased with the charged aerosol. Charge carried by the droplets results in increased interception of the insecticide, as the droplets are attracted to the insects in flight and space charge effects within the aerosol could cause improved dispersion in the test chamber.  相似文献   

Single nucleotide polymorphism identification, linkage and radiation hybrid mapping of the porcine pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide type I receptor gene to chromosome 18     

S. Kollers  B. Mote  M.F. Rothschild  G. Plastow  & D. Rocha 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2006,123(6):414-418

Pituitary adenylate cyclase‐activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a neuropeptide with diverse biological actions. Type I PACAP receptors (PACAPR) are specific for PACAP, whereas type II and III PACAPRs are less restricted. To localize and analyse the variation of this gene, a 559‐bp long intronic fragment of the porcine PACAPR gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction and sequenced in samples from five different pig breeds. One single nucleotide polymorphism was identified and its allele frequency was determined in all five breeds. Linkage analysis in a Berkshire × Yorkshire reference family placed the PACAPR gene on chromosome 18, between SW787 and S0062 (SW787– 8.1 cM –PACAPR– 3.0 cM –S0062). Radiation hybrid mapping confirmed that the PACAPR gene was linked to SW1682 on chromosome 18 (28.8 cR₃₀₀₀; LOD = 10.4).  相似文献