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Hongsheng Yang Xiutang Yuan Yi Zhou Yuze Mao Tao Zhang & Ying Liu 《Aquaculture Research》2005,36(11):1085-1092
To investigate the effects of body size and water temperature on feeding and growth in the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka), the maximum rate of food consumption in terms of energy (Cmaxe; J day?1) and the specific growth rate in terms of energy (SGRe; % day?1) in animals of three body sizes (mean±SE) – large (134.0±3.5 g), medium (73.6±2.2 g) and small (36.5±1.2 g) – were determined at water temperatures of 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30°C. Maximum rate of food consumption in terms of energy increased and SGRe decreased with increasing body weight at 10, 15 and 20°C. This trend, however, was not apparent at 25 and 30°C, which could be influenced by aestivation. High water temperatures (above 20°C) were disadvantageous to feeding and growth of this animal; SGRe of A. japonicus during aestivation was negative. The optimum temperatures for food consumption and for growth were similar and were between 14 and 15°C, and body size seemed to have a slight effect on the optimal temperature for food consumption or growth. Because aestivation of A. japonicus was temperature dependent, the present paper also documented the threshold temperatures to aestivation as indicated by feeding cessation. Deduced from daily food consumption of individuals, the threshold temperature to aestivation for large and medium animals (73.3–139.3 g) was 24.5?25.5°C, while that for small animals (28.9–40.7 g) was between 25.5 and 30.5°C. These values are higher than previous reports; differences in sign of aestivation, experimental condition and dwelling district of test animals could be the reasons. 相似文献
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刺参呼吸树抗氧化防御酶类基因在夏眠期的表达特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以夏眠刺参呼吸树为研究材料,研究了刺参抗氧化防御酶类的基因表达特征,共获得夏眠刺参的5个基因片段序列:铜锌超氧化物歧化酶(Cu/Zn-SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、磷脂氢谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(PHGPx)、过氧化物还原酶5(PRDX5)及过氧化物还原酶6(PRDX6),完成基因序列初步分析;利用荧光定量PCR技术,以NDUFA13 (NADH dehydrogenase［ubiquinone］1 alpha subcomplex subunit 13)和 ACTB (beta actin)基因为多内参,定量分析实验各阶段刺参抗氧化防御酶类基因表达量。结果表明,刺参抗氧化酶类基因与近、远源物种同源性均较高;现场调查实验结果显示,相对5月非夏眠刺参样品,8月夏眠刺参呼吸树组织Cu/ZnSOD及PRDX5基因表达上调,CAT及PHGPx基因表达量均出现显著下降。温度诱导夏眠实验证实Cu/ZnSOD基因在实验第0天表达量显著上升至2.01倍,并一直保持较高水平;CAT基因表达在实验第0天下调,第5天时出现上调,而在第10天和40天表达量均出现显著下降;PHGPX基因表达实验期间均出现显著下调,在第40天时降到最低,为0.34倍;PRDX5基因表达在实验第0天出现显著上调至1.55倍,第5天回落后呈现上升,于第40天达到高值1.91倍;PRDX6基因表达在实验第10、20天出现显著下调。 相似文献
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通过自然常温饲育和人工控温(23.6±0.5)℃的降温饲育,研究了3种规格体质量(10、20、50个/kg)刺参于浙江南部海区室内水泥池的度夏。结果表明,常温饲育下,3种规格的刺参体质量均呈负增长,且特定负生长率随着刺参体质量的增加而升高;降温饲育下,10个/kg与20个/kg体质量刺参组呈负增长,而50个/kg体质量刺参组略呈正增长,第30 d与第60 d的特定生长率分别为0.0496%与0.0513%。降温(23.6±0.5)℃饲育能有效提高刺参度夏时的存活率,有效降低刺参的特定负生长率,且刺参体质量越大,有效降低的体质量下降幅度也越大。在浙江南部海区室内水泥池养殖刺参,温度保持在(23.6±0.5)℃时,50个/kg的刺参不夏眠。 相似文献
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采用了裂裂区设计,以耐热较强的冷季型草坪草高羊茅(Festuca arundineceaSchreb.cv.Huntdog 5)为实验材料,研究了冷季型草坪草高羊茅在不同磷钾肥施肥量和多效唑喷施浓度下叶片中叶绿素、类胡萝卜素、总酚和类黄酮含量的变化及其与草坪草耐热性的关系,同时用综合评定法判定了它们的耐热性。研究结果表明:叶绿素、类胡萝卜素、总酚和类黄酮含量的变化均达到极显著,综合得出在A2B3C2(AP2O5=60 kg/hm2,B140 kg/hm2,C多效唑=250 mg/L)处理下,高羊茅的叶片细胞中抗氧化物质含量相对较高,能显著增强高羊茅耐热性和延缓植株衰老,有利于其安全越夏。 相似文献
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During gradual air exposure, Amia calva show no reduction in oxygen consumption, no increase in plasma urea levels or in urea excretion. Blood pH remains constant,
and plasma total CO2, PCO
2, HCO3
-. total ammonia and NH3 concentrations all rise significantly. Exposure to 923 μmol/l NH4Cl does not elicit an increase in urea production or airbreathing. Aquatic hypoxia without access to air does not cause a
reduction in aerobic metabolism, and moderate levels result in death. These results suggest that Amia are incapable of aestivation, due to an inability to detoxify ammonia to urea and reduce metabolism, and die following three
to five days of air exposure. 相似文献
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We investigated the effects of temperature, age class, and growth on induction of aestivation in the Japanese sandeel (Ammodytes personatus) by means of rearing experiments and field surveys in Ise Bay, central Japan. Acoustic surveys and sampling of shoaling and aestivating sandeels indicated that the sandeels completed aestivation when the water temperature increased to 17–20°C. A rearing experiment showed that the mortality of sandeels reared without sand was greater than it was with sand, under replete feeding conditions. In a non‐aestivation rearing experiment without sand, the condition factor of the sandeels decreased when water temperatures exceeded 20°C, although they were fed to repletion. These results suggest that aestivation is induced by rising seawater temperature and plays an important role in energy conservation. The age‐1 group tended to start aestivation earlier than the age‐0 group in the field. Within the age‐0 group, larger sandeels tended to enter aestivation earlier. These observations indicate that fat reserves are an important cue to start aestivation. 相似文献
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仿刺参在实验性夏眠过程中消化道和呼吸树的组织学变化 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
将仿刺参Apostichopus japonicus分别在实验室15、20、25℃水温下进行培养,其消化道和呼吸树发生了退化现象,根据外部形态和组织结构变化特点,将夏眠退化过程分为早、中、晚3个阶段。夏眠退化早期,仿刺参可摄食,消化道开始缩小变细,组织结构出现退化现象;夏眠退化中期,仿刺参仍可少量摄食,消化道萎缩现象明显,组织结构退化较严重;夏眠退化晚期,仿刺参不再摄食,消化道萎缩成细线状,组织结构退化严重。呼吸树退化程度较消化道轻,表现为体积变小,但组织结构退化不明显。 相似文献
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Zhao Jingzhao Li Daiqin 《湖北农学院学报》1991,(2)
本文在综述有关蜘蛛生活史大量文献的基础上,讨论了蜘蛛个体发育中所涉及的形态学、发育学、生理学和生态学的诸方面,论述了蜘蛛生活史的组成成分及各组成的多样性与生活史分类的关系;蜘蛛生活史的发生类型;蜘蛛生活史与季节性气候的适应关系。分析了环境因素对生活史各阶段的影响,其中环境因素如温度、光周期、湿度和食物是影响生活史各阶段的重要因素,从而决定了蜘蛛的生活史类型。 相似文献