北疆苜蓿属植物繁育系统的研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

李造哲  马青枝  云锦凤  于卓 《草业科学》2001,18(3):21-24

采用等位酶技术，对北疆苜蓿属植物种群的繁育系统进行了研究。结果表明，北疆苜蓿属植物种群为外繁育系统，黄花苜蓿、多变苜蓿、紫花苜蓿基因组成中杂合体过多，均保持较低的自交结实率。参试苜蓿属植物表现某种程度的内繁育衰退现象，地理或生殖隔离等因素可能是导致个别种群出现内繁育衰退现象的原因之一。对北疆苜蓿属遗传资源保护时，既要选择遗传基础丰富的种和种群以保持最多的遗传变异，还要注意选择具有不同等位的种群以保持原有的基因和基因频率。  相似文献   

A note on the genetic diversity of the vulnerable aquatic macrophyte Sparganium erectum and its congeners (Sparganiaceae) in rural wetland in Japan     

TEMPEI ISHII  YUICHIRO NAKAYAMA  MIKIO KOBAYASHI  HIROFUMI YAMAGUCHI 《Weed Biology and Management》2004,4(4):230-234

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新麦草遗传多样性等位酶分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

杨艳  韩建国  孙彦  单战 《草业科学》2007,24(8):59-63

采用不连续系统的聚丙烯酰胺垂直板凝胶电泳(VPAGE)对新疆新麦草的5个天然居群和1个栽培种遗传多样性和居群结构进行了分析.测定的6个酶系统中,确定了9个等位酶位点,多态位点百分率平均值为90.48%,平均等位基因数为2.920 7,平均预期杂合值为0.542 7.总的基因多样性中,86%存在于居群内,14%来自居群间.聚类分析以遗传距离D=0.14为分界线将6份材料明显地分为2组.研究表明,新麦草具有丰富的遗传多样性,其多样性可能与生境、人工驯化、风媒异交等因素有关.  相似文献   

汞毒性对草木樨（Melilotus officinalis）幼苗基因型的差异性抑制研究     

王钰婧  李伟  张艳红  李翠兰  张秋华  段毅豪 《农业环境保护》2010,(1):60-65

采用水平淀粉凝胶电泳技术对草木樨（Melilotus officinalis）的磷酸葡萄糖异构酶（Pgi）和苹果酸酶（Me）进行了基因频率分析。所研究的草木樨种群具有较高的多态性（A=3.0,Ho=0.346～0.401）,将草木樨种子暴露于HgCl2溶液（30mg·L-1）,萌发后测量各幼苗的上、下胚轴长度以及测定其基因型,判定各基因型与上、下胚轴长度的关系。ANOVA分析表明,对照组中Me-AA基因型幼苗具有下胚轴生长优势,Me-AA基因型个体的下胚轴长度（35.20mm±4.63mm）显著大于以下各基因型个体的下胚轴长度：Me-AB（22.84mm±1.34mm）,Me-BB（22.82mm±0.68mm）和Me-BC（20.00mm±1.21mm）。HgCl2急性暴露对Me各基因型下胚轴的抑制作用呈现均一性。在Pgi基因座,草木樨对照组中各基因型的生长不存在差异,但在HgCl2急性暴露下,Pgi-AC基因型幼苗的下胚轴长度（19.75mm±0.73mm）显著大于Pgi-BB基因型的下胚轴长度（14.67mm±1.04mm）,表明Pgi-AC基因型个体对HgCl2的耐受性更强。等位酶分析技术可用来确定植物的种群遗传结构对生长或重金属的耐受性关系，这种关系的确立对遗传育种、生态修复具有潜在的应用价值。  相似文献   

Genetic characterization of Portuguese brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) and comparison with other European populations     

A. Antunes  P. Alexandrino  N. Ferrand 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》1999,8(3):194-200

Abstract– Allozyme and other protein loci were examined to study the genetic structure of Portuguese brown trout ( Salmo trutta ) populations. A total of 247 individuals from three tributaries of the Lima hydrological basin and a hatchery, all located in northern Portugal, were analyzed. Four of 22 protein coding loci were found to be polymorphic: CK-A1^*, GPI-A2^*, MPI-2^* and TF^*. A new allelc at the latter locus was found in Atlantic populations. The data obtained for Portuguese brown trout were compared with published data for 14 European populations and three hatchery stocks. Six polymorphic loci (CK-A1^*, GPI-A2^*, GPI-B2^*, LDH-C^*, ME^* and MPI-2^*) were used in a cluster analysis. This showed the similarity of Portuguese natural populations and northern Iberian populations and that Portuguese hatchery fish have an autochthonous origin, distinct from that of other Atlantic hatchery stocks.  相似文献   

The dynamic mating systems of conifers   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

J. B. Mitton 《New Forests》1992,6(1-4):197-216

Conifer mating systems vary among species and within species; both ecological variables and genetic variation cause mating systems to be dynamic. Within species, estimates of rates of outcrossing vary among populations, among loci, and among individuals within stands. The level of outcrossing varies with stand density, age, and the abundance of local and foreign pollen. Variation in the mating success of both males and females violates the assumption that populations are randomly mating and at equilibrium, and justifies more quantitative analyses of mating systems. Allelic frequencies in the pollen pool and in the pool of receptive female surfaces may vary through a season and among seasons, producing positively assortative mating in time. Seed and seedling viability selects against homozygotes for lethal alleles and favors heterozygous genotypes, biasing estimates of outcrossing. Particularly fruitful topics of research include the genetic consequences of polyembryony, differential male and female mating success, and associations between specific genotypes and floral phenology.  相似文献   

Allozyme diversity in Australian rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss     

L. W. Farrington  C. M. Austin  C. P. Burridge  G. J. Gooley  B. A. Ingram  & B. Talbot 《Fisheries Management and Ecology》2004,11(2):97-106

Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), were first introduced into Australia over 100 years ago, and forms the basis of important recreational inland fisheries and an aquaculture industry in south‐eastern Australia. This paper investigates the genetic variation within and between samples of Australian rainbow trout using allozyme electrophoresis. The levels of genetic diversity within Australia do not show marked differences from those observed in hatchery and wild populations from throughout North America, New Zealand and South Africa, but there is evidence for the loss of some rare alleles during translocation from California to Australia via New Zealand. No appreciable difference in genetic diversity was apparent between hatchery and self‐sustaining wild populations of rainbow trout from mainland Australia. However, significant differences in allelic frequencies were observed, with consistent genetic differences between Victorian and New South Wales samples most likely reflecting state‐based hatchery and stocking policies.  相似文献   

Genetic Diversity Based on Allozyme Alleles of Chinese Cultivated Rice     

TANG Sheng-xiang  WEI Xing-hua  JIANG Yun-zhu  D S Brar  G S Khush 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2007,6(6)

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鹌鹑同工酶多型性的研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

郑惠玲  常洪  Sano A  常国斌  王惠影  徐伟 《扬州大学学报(农业与生命科学版)》2002,23(3):25-28

采用水平板淀粉凝胶电泳法 ,对中国目前大规模饲养的 2个蛋用品系鹌鹑的脏器、肌肉中 1 0个酶基因座多型进行检测 ,结果表明 :朝鲜龙城系和德国红鸟系鹌鹑在 Adh、Es-D、Es、Pgi、6-Pgi、Mpi- 6个基因座位均发现多态 ,在Mdh- 、Mdh- 、Mpi- 、α-Gpd 4个基因座位均为单态。引用国外研究结果 ,对国内外 2 1个鹌鹑群体进行聚类分析 ,结果表明 :野生鹌鹑群紧密聚为一类 ,家养鹌鹑群聚为一类 ,商品用鹌鹑和实验用鹌鹑无明显分化 ,而大体重鹌鹑与一般体重鹌鹑分化较大 ,可能是由于进行体重选择的群体偶然携带了不同于原种群的特定基因  相似文献   

中华稻蝗镉急性死亡率差异与等位酶基因型研究     

李丽君  张敏  卢芙萍  李翠兰  郭亚平  马恩波 《农业环境科学学报》2007,26(1):184-187

为研究镉毒性与中华稻蝗种群等位酶基因型之间的关系，将采自山西省原平市的中华稻蝗（Oxyachinensis）为研究对象进行镉的LD50急性毒性实验，并对所研究个体进行等位酶水平淀粉凝胶电泳。结果表明，中华稻蝗种群LDH、GPI、PGM和ME均为多态基因座位。在LDH、PGM、ME多态基因座位上，各基因个体的死亡率差异显著（P〈0．05），其中PGM及ME的基因型频率显著偏离哈-温平衡预期值，且LDH、PGM、ME为杂合体缺乏（F〉0）；在GPI多态基因座位上，各基因型个体的死亡率差异不显著（P〉0．05），GPI基因型频率符合哈-温（H-形）平衡预期值，而GPI为杂合体过剩（F〈0）。中华稻蝗在这4个基因座位具有较高的平均每个基因座位的等位基因数（A=2．5），平均观察杂合度（Ho=0．314～0．325）和平均期望杂合度（He=0．471～0．496）。结论：由于中华稻蝗种群不同基因型对Cd^2＋的敏感性不同．因而导致其不同基因型死亡率的差异。  相似文献