Influence of amount and frequency of protein supplementation to steers consuming low-quality,cool-season forage: intake,nutrient digestibility,and ruminal fermentation     

Bruno I Cappellozza  David W Bohnert  Maria M Reis  Kendall C Swanson  Stephanie J Falck  Reinaldo F Cooke 《Journal of animal science》2021,99(6)

This experiment evaluated the influence of protein supplementation frequency (SF) and amount offered on intake, nutrient digestibility, and ruminal fermentation by rumen-fistulated beef steers consuming low-quality [2.9% crude protein (CP); dry matter (DM) basis], cool-season forage. Seven Angus × Hereford steers (300 ± 27 kg) fitted with ruminal cannulas were randomly assigned to 1 of 7 treatments in an incomplete 7 × 4 Latin square. Treatments, in a 2 × 3 factorial design plus a non-supplemented control (CON), consisted of 2 levels of supplemental soybean meal, 100% (F) or 50% (H) of the estimated rumen-degradable protein requirement, provided daily (D), once every 5 d (5D), or once every 10 d (10D). Experimental periods were 30 d and dry matter intake (DMI) was measured from days 19 to 28. On days 21 (all supplements provided) and 30 (only daily supplements provided; day immediately prior to supplementation for 5D and 10D treatments) ruminal fluid was collected for ruminal pH, ammonia-N (NH₃), volatile fatty acids (VFA), and determination of ruminal fermentation variables. Forage and total DM, organic matter (OM), and nitrogen (N) intake increased with supplementation (P ≤ 0.04). However, a linear effect of SF × amount of supplement interaction was observed for forage and total DM, OM, and N intake (P ≤ 0.04), with each variable decreasing as SF decreased, but the decrease being greater with F vs. H. Apparent total tract DM, OM, and neutral detergent fiber digestibility was not affected by supplementation or amount of supplement provided (P ≥ 0.10). In contrast, N digestibility increased with supplementation and for F vs. H (P < 0.01). Digestibility of DM, OM, and N increased linearly as SF decreased (P ≤ 0.03). When all supplements were provided, ruminal NH₃, total VFA, and molar proportions of all individual VFA increased with supplementation (P ≤ 0.04), whereas acetate:propionate ratio decreased (P < 0.01). When only daily supplements were provided, none of the aforementioned fermentation parameters were affected (P ≥ 0.09). In summary, reducing the amount of supplemental CP provided to ruminants consuming low-quality forages, when supplementation intervals are >5 d, can be a management tool to maintain acceptable levels of DMI, nutrient digestibility, and ruminal fermentation while reducing supplementation cost.  相似文献   

Evaluating Sugarcane Diets for Dairy Cows Using a Digestion Model     

Kebreab E  Assis AG  Dijkstra J  France J 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(2):127-139

To eliminate unnecessary feeding trials, a mechanistic model of sugarcane digestion was used in the search for suitable supplements to improve milk production. Milk production simulated by the model was compared with data observed in four feeding trials published in the tropical literature where crossbred dairy cows were fed sugarcane/urea diets with different types of supplements. The predicted effects of the supplements on the ruminal microbial population, concentrations of ammonia and volatile fatty acids were also compared with the published results in one experiment. The model indicated the nutrient most limiting milk production for the different feeding situations. The addtion of Leucaena to the basal sugarcane/urea improved the availability of amino acids and long-chain fatty acids, with energy becoming the limiting factor. Supplementation with rice bran increased the availability of energy and long-chain fatty acids, but amino acids then became the limiting factor. Supplementation with both Leucaena and rice bran further improved the milk yield, but availability of energy now limited milk production. Supplementation with Leucaena increased milk production more than supplementation with king grass. The main reason for this increase was increased amino acid absorption due to increased microbial outflow. In all feeding situations, the average difference between the predicted milk production and that observed experimentally was 0.57 kg/d (ranging from 0.08 to 1 kg/d).  相似文献   

农牧交错区枯草期绵羊对补饲物采食行为研究     

覃盟琳  周道玮 《草业科学》2006,23(5):69-72

东北农牧交错区与牧区畜牧业生产不同,其中一个重要的不同点就是农牧交错区具有多种农副产品,这些农副产品在枯草期成为家畜丰富的干物质来源。而这些农副产品由于所含蛋白、纤维、口感等存在很大差异,因而家畜对其有不同的采食行为。对10种东北农牧交错区枯草期最主要的补饲物进行家畜采食行为的试验,为家畜的日常补饲及管理提供参考资料。结果表明:绿豆秸秆、葵盘、葵叶、羊草、玉米叶为补饲物的首选。  相似文献   

The effects of potato pulp and feeding level of supplements on digestibility, in situ forage degradation and ruminal fermentation in beef steers     

Masahito SUGIMOTO  Waka SAITO  Motoki OOI  Yukinobu SATO  Toshiro SAITO  Kiyokazu MORI 《Animal Science Journal》2006,77(6):587-594

Six ruminally cannulated Wagyu (Japanese Black) steers (average initial bodyweight (BW) 387 ± 29 kg) were used in a split‐plot design experiment, comprising a 3 × 3 Latin square design (whole plot) and a randomized block design (subplot). The whole plot treatments were three different feeding levels of supplemental diet, fed at 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6% of BW, on a dry matter (DM) basis. Subplot treatments were two different supplemental diets: a potato pulp silage‐based diet (PPS) and a grain‐based diet (GRAIN). Chopped, medium‐quality cool‐season grass hay (predominately Timothy, Phleum pratense L) was fed daily at 0.7% BW (on a DM basis) as the basal diet. Each period consisted of 21 d, which included 11 d of adaptation to the diets and 10 d of the collection period. Chromium oxide was used as an indigestible marker. In situ forage degradation was measured using the nylon bag technique. The dry matter intake increased (linear; P < 0.01) as the feeding level increased and was not affected by the diet. Digestibility was not affected by any treatments. The GRAIN diet tended to decrease the rate of in situ forage degradation as the feeding level increased, but this trend was not found in the steers fed the PPS diet. Steers fed the GRAIN diet had a lower (P < 0.1) ruminal pH compared with steers fed the PPS diet. Ruminal pH was not significantly affected by feeding level; however, it was numerically higher for steers supplemented at 0.2% per BW than that for the steers supplemented above 0.4% per BW due probably to the higher starch intake. The total volatile fatty acids concentration numerically increased as the feeding level increased and was not affected by the diet. Increasing the feeding level decreased (linear, P < 0.01) the proportion of acetate. Neither diet nor the feeding level had any effects on the proportion of ruminal propionate. The results suggested that, for steers fed the PPS diet, there are not adverse effects on forage digestion in the rumen that occur as the feeding level is increased.  相似文献   

新型饲料添加剂—7—异丙氧基异黄酮的合成     

朱力军  邵颖 《中国兽药杂志》1998,32(4):14-15

７－异丙氧基异黄酮为一种新型饲料添加剂。用间苯二酚与苯乙酸直接酰化制得２，４二羟基苯基苄基酮，在吗啉、吡啶存在条件下与原甲酸三乙酯反应环合，再与乙－溴丙烷反应生成７－异丙氧基异黄酮，总收率为５６％。  相似文献   

《东北草本植物志》第1卷补正（V）     

王建中 《河北林果研究》1994,(3)

本节对东北蕨类植物的４科６属１０种２变种进行了补遗和订正，考证了名称及有关文献，讨论了所述分类群与其近亲分类群的区别特征。  相似文献   

浅议建筑与环境   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

吴莹辉 《林业科技情报》2003,35(4):9-10

本文从建筑与环境的发展中总结出建筑与环境的关系,并强调建筑与其所处的环境是互相影响、互相渗透的;从而提出建筑与环境并举,二者应该和谐有序地发展。  相似文献   

南四湖湿地补水前后景观格局变化分析     

丁秀珍  冯仲科  葛忠强  郑娜  姜楠南 《山东林业科技》2014,(5):1-6

以2000、2002、2004、2009年4个时期的TM影像为主要数据源,结合其他辅助资料,利用ArcGIS及其扩展模块patch analyst、ERDAS 9.2提取了4个时期的湿地景观格局及变化信息,选取斑块数(NumP)、平均斑块面积(MedPS)、平均形状指数(MSI)、周长面积比(MPAR)、平均斑块分形维数(MPFD)、面积加权平均斑块分形维数(AWMPFD)等景观格局指数分析南四湖湿地补水前后景观格局的变化特点及原因。研究表明:补水前,南四湖湿地景观破碎,湖水域及裸露滩地面积所占比例比较大,补水后,景观格局得到明显改善。南四湖湿地景观格局变化的驱动因素主要有人为活动的影响和国家补水工程的实施。  相似文献   

不同型号酵母浸粉及补糖对异养微藻生长的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郑世文  赵玉峰  毕生雷 《现代农业科技》2014,(8)

微藻在FM802、FM902和FM760 3种不同型号的安琪酵母浸粉配制的培养基中进行异养生长,培养条件为28℃、200 r/min的摇床中进行暗培养,培养过程中补糖1次,每隔24 h取样20 mL进行分析检测。结果表明:补糖情况下,型号为FM802的酵母浸粉比FM902培养微藻的效果稍好,FM760培养效果稍差;补糖有利于微藻干物质重的增加;在pH值为4.2~5.5的培养基中,微藻仍能快速生长。  相似文献   

大兴安岭主要树种生长过程表中有关调查因子的补充计算及其应用     

牟亚男  曹长春等 《内蒙古林业调查设计》2000,23(3):21-24

在使用林分生长过程表中 ,文章就林分株数、立木材积、平均生长量、生长率、胸高形数、稀疏株数等因子的补充计算及其应用方面作初步探讨  相似文献