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1.
Nutrient digestibility studies in Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch), Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus) and C. gariepinus (Burchell) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC %) for protein in catfishes, Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus) (16–18 cm; 45–50 g), C. gariepinus (Burchell) (21–22 cm; 60–65 g) and Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch) (10–12 cm; 10–15 g) was estimated for nine feedstuffs of plant and animal origin. Fat digestibility was tested for C. batrachus and C. gariepinus, wherein the influence of feeding frequency on protein digestibility was also examined. The digestibility trials were conducted with triplicate groups of 25 fish each in 70‐L polyvinyl indoor flow‐through (1–1.5 L min?1) circular tanks (water volume=55 L). Fish were fed to satiation daily, at 08:00 and 18:00 hours, and faecal matter was collected through slow siphoning. For studying the effect of feeding frequency, fish were fed the experimental diets at 08:00, 11:00, 14:00 and 17:00 hours. The protein digestibility of the feedstuffs varied significantly within each test species. However, the protein digestibility values for most of the ingredients tested were comparable between the three catfish species. The most efficient utilization of protein in these fishes was noted for soybean meal followed by lab‐prepared fishmeal. The lowest protein digestibility was recorded for rice bran. Similarly, the utilization of fat from the feedstuffs was also significantly different within each of the two species, C. batrachus and C. gariepinus. Fat digestibility of feed ingredients was similar between the two species. With respect to the fat, soybean meal, lab‐prepared fishmeal, full‐fat soybean meal and dried fish were more efficiently utilized, while the lowest fat digestibility was obtained for rice bran. A marked decline in protein utilization was observed in the two species where the feeding frequency was increased from two to four times a day. 相似文献
2.
Pankaj Kumar 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(2):134-146
Incidence of Edwardsiella tarda in Asian stinging catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch), and its sensitivity to antibiotics and sanitizers was studied. Five out of 10 representative lots of H. fossilis were positive for E. tarda. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of sanitizers (hydrogen peroxide, glutaraldehyde, benzalkonium chloride, sodium hypochlorite, and iodophor) on planktonic E. tarda varied with strains, suspending media (distilled water, physiological saline, pond water, and tryptic soy broth), and combination of factors. The time taken by the sanitizers to achieve 5-log reductions varied greatly between 1 min and 180 min at X and 2X MBCs of sanitizers. Benzalkonium chloride, glutaraldehyde, and sodium hypochlorite were effective in reducing the planktonic E. tarda at concentrations ranging from 3.13 ppm for glutaraldehyde to 25 ppm for sodium hypochlorite. Edwardsiella tarda strains were highly sensitive to ciprofloxacin and exhibited varying degrees of resistance to other antibiotics. 相似文献
3.
Amino acids are vital for all living organisms including fish and histidine is an essential amino acid for fish. In view of this, dietary histidine requirement of fry Heteropneustes fossilis was determined by feeding casein–gelatin‐based isonitrogenous (430 g kg?1 CP) and isocaloric (17.9 MJ kg?1 GE; 15.5 MJ kg?1 DE) amino acid test diets (10 to 20 g histidine kg?1 dry diet) to quadruplicate groups of randomly assigned fish to apparent satiety for 12 weeks. Maximum absolute weight gain (AWG; 44 g fish?1), protein retention efficiency (PRE; 20%), protein efficiency ratio (PER; 1.04), haemoglobin (Hb; 11.24 g dL?1), haematocrit (Hct; 35.11%), red blood count (RBCs; 2.98 × 109 mL?1) and lowest erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR; 1.92 mm h?1) were obtained at 16 g histidine kg?1 dry diet. The 95% maximum quadratic response of above data exhibited the requirement to be at 15.2, 15.1, 15.6 and 15.5 g histidine kg?1 diet. As histidine is found in higher concentration in haemoglobin, requirement obtained for Hct% and Hb is 4% greater than that required for maximizing weight gain and protein retention. Based on these results, dietary histidine requirement of H. fossilis fry is recommended between 15.1 and 15.6 g kg?1, corresponding to 35.1–36.3 g kg?1 protein. 相似文献
4.
Rates of Yolk Utilization and Effects of Delayed Initial Feeding in the Larvae of the Freshwater Fishes Rohu and Singhi 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The yolk utilization rates and effects of delayed initial feeding were examined on the feeding ability, survival and growth of the larvae of two freshwater species, rohu, Labeo rohita and singhi, Heteropneustes fossilis reared in the laboratory at 26 (2) °C. Although the yolk reserves in both species lasted at least 7 days after hatching, all larvae initiated feeding by the fifth day, indicating a short period of mixed (endogenous and exogenous) feeding. When first feeding was delayed beyond the fifth day, subsequent weight gains and survival rates declined progressively for both rohu and singhi, although their feeding abilities were not adversely affected until the seventh (singhi) and eleventh (rohu) day. The point of no return (PNR) (when 50% of the unfed larvae were unable to feed when offered food) was reached in singhi when they were 8 days old and in rohu when they were 14 days old. Even among the larvae that fed at PNR, their subsequent mortality rate was nearly 100%, reflecting the irreversible effects of starvation. This study showed that rohu were more resistant to starvation than singhi. 相似文献
5.
John Samuel Godwin Christopher Arunachalam Ganesan Murugesan Natarajapillai Sukumaran 《Aquaculture Research》2010,42(1):129-138
This study reports the results on induced meiotic diploid gynogenesis and female homogametic nature in the Indian catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis. The eggs of H. fossilis were inseminated with conspecific sperm. The sperm suspension was diluted to 1 × 107 sperm mL−1 in Hanks balanced salt solution. Sperm were irradiated under UV light, with the exposure time ranging from 15 to 360 s (7500 ergs mm−2 for 60 s). The genetic inactivation of paternal chromosomes was confirmed by chromosome counting from the larval cells and the larvae also had a characteristic haploid syndrome. A typical ‘Hertwig effect’ in the yield of hatched larvae was observed with doses of UV exposure >75 s (9375 ergs mm2). Larvae resulting from sperm UV irradiated above 120 s (15 000 ergs mm2) were 100% haploids. Application of heat shock to the activated eggs was effective in suppressing the release of the second polar body (meiotic gynogenesis) and resulted in diploid gynogenetic larvae morphologically identical to those of the control. The best yield of diploid gynogens (49.3% with respect to the control) was found to be at 6 min after egg activation and the heat shock at 41 °C for a 1-min duration, at an ambient water temperature of 27 °C. A total of 113 diploid gynogenetic fry from seven different female fish were reared and subjected to sexing. All gynogenetic fish were female in contrast to the control, which had a mean sex ratio of 56.7% females (which was not significantly different from 50% female). From these results, the sex determination mechanism in H. fossilis was presumed to be female homogamety. 相似文献
6.
Effect of varying dietary lysine levels on growth, feed conversion, nutrient retention, lysine retention efficiency and haematological indices of Heteropneustes fossilis fry (2.97 ± 0.11 cm; 4.78 ± 0.31 g) was studied by conducting a 12‐week feeding trial. Isonitrogenous (450 g kg?1 CP) and isocaloric (17.97 kJ g?1 GE) amino acid test diets with graded concentrations of l ‐lysine (18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28 g kg?1 dry diet) were fed to triplicate groups of fish to apparent satiation twice daily at 17 and 17:30 h. Maximum thermal growth coefficient (TGC, 0.82), best feed conversion ratio (FCR, 1.28) highest protein retention efficiency (PRE, 36%), energy retention efficiency (ERE, 79%) and lysine retention efficiency (LRE, 75%) were noted at 24 g kg?1 lysine of dry diet. Body protein was also found to be in line with growth data and peaked at 24 g kg?1 lysine of dry diet. Similarly, superior somatic and haematological indices were exhibited by the groups fed dietary lysine at 24 g kg?1 of the dry diet. However, exponential analysis of dietary lysine intake against TGC, lysine retention and protein retention indicated that inclusion of dietary lysine in the range of 13.24–14.14 g kg?1 dry diet, corresponding to 29.42–31.42 g kg?1 dietary protein, is essential for faster growth of this fish. 相似文献
7.
A 60‐day feeding trial was conducted to test the effect of partial replacement of fishmeal by fish‐offal (FO) in the diet for the freshwater catfish Heteropneustes fossilis. Three isonitrogenous (31.4% CP) diets were formulated to include a reference diet (T1) with 40% fishmeal (FM) and 0% FO and two supplementary diets: one (T2) containing 25% FM and 25% FO and another (T3) containing 20% FM and 30% FO. The FO was fermented along with mustard oil cake and rice bran before using it as an ingredient in the preparation of feed. Two separate trials were conducted with these three diets: a growth trial and a digestibility trial. H. fossilis fed the diets containing FO showed better growth and proximate composition of carcass than those fed the reference diet. Fish fed T3 diet showed maximum feed conversion, protein utilization and growth. Apparent protein digestibility (APD) was also significantly higher in the T3 diet as compared with the T1 diet. The results of the trial indicated that using microbial fermentation, FO could be included up to a 30% level as a partial (50%) replacement of fishmeal in the formulation of diet for H. fossilis. 相似文献
8.
Effect of fish size and temperature on the utilization of different protein sources in two catfish species 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Two sets of feeding trial were conducted to determine the effect of size and temperature on the utilization of different protein sources in two catfish species. In both the experiments, the fish were fed to apparent satiation daily at 08.00 and 18.00 hours, and faecal matter collected through slow siphoning. The first experiment was designed to study the effect of fish size on apparent digestibility coefficients for plant and animal proteins in the African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822). Three size classes (105–109 g; 780–830 g; 1250– 1300 g) of fish were stocked in triplicate sets of 600‐L plastic pools fitted with a flow‐through system (2 L min?1). Within each size class, the apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) for protein varied significantly with the source and quality of protein used. Soybean meal and fishmeal protein were utilized with greater efficiency, whereas rice bran protein was least digestible. An increase in ADC protein was apparent with increase in fish size for high protein sources such as soybean meal, full‐fat soybean, laboratory‐prepared fishmeal, steam‐cooked brown fishmeal and dried fish. ADC protein for other ingredients decreased with increase in size. In the second experiment, the influence of varying temperature on ADC for protein was determined in the catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch) (6–8 g). Triplicate groups of 25 fish were kept at three different ambient temperatures (18, 28 and 38 °C), in 70‐L polyvinyl indoor flow‐through (1–1.5 L min?1) circular tanks (water volume = 55 L). The trend in utilization of protein from different sources remained similar at the three temperatures. For each ingredient, digestibility values obtained at 18 °C were significantly lower than those obtained at 28 °C and 38 °C. Optimal protein utilization in H. fossilis was measured at 28 °C. 相似文献
9.
Dietary biotin requirement determined for Indian catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch), fingerlings 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
J Shaik Mohamed 《Aquaculture Research》2001,32(9):709-716
Triplicate groups of Indian catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch), fingerlings (average wet weight 3.55 ± 0.03 g) were fed semi-purified diets containing six levels of biotin (0, 0.086, 0.26, 0.86, 2.5 and 4.3 mg kg−1 diet) for 15 weeks. After 42 days of feeding, fish fed the control (no biotin) diet had developed severe deficiency signs characterized by convulsions, heavy mortality, listlessness, poor feed conversion and feed intake, dark skin colour, tetanus and weight loss. None of these signs was seen in fish fed biotin-supplemented diets. Among all the biotin-supplemented diets, percentage weight gain was significantly highest for fish fed the diet supplemented with 0.26 mg of biotin kg−1 and significantly lowest for fish fed the diet supplemented with 0.086 mg of biotin kg−1. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) patterns were similar to that of percentage weight gain. The carcass protein and lipid contents were influenced by the dietary biotin up to fish fed 0.26 mg of biotin kg−1. Significantly higher body biotin content, liver pyruvate carboxylase and acetyl CoA carboxylase activities were observed in fish fed biotin-supplemented diets than in fish fed the control diet. Broken-line analyses showed that the optimum dietary requirement for biotin for maximal weight gain, body biotin content, liver pyruvate carboxylase and acetyl CoA carboxylase activities was about 0.25 mg kg−1. Associated liver pyruvate carboxylase and acetyl CoA carboxylase activities for normal growth ranged from 105 to 120 units mg−1 protein and from 9 to 11 units mg−1 protein respectively. 相似文献
10.
Dietary lysine requirement of fingerling Heteropneustes fossilis (6.96 ± 0.05 g) was quantified by conducting 12‐week feeding trial in a flow‐through system at 28°C. Casein–gelatin based isonitrogenous (38% CP) and isocaloric (14.7 kJ g?1 DE) amino acid test diets with six levels of dietary lysine (1.5%, 1.75%, 2.0%, 2.25%, 2.5%, 3.0% dry diet) were fed to apparent satiation in triplicates. Broken‐line and second‐degree polynomial regression analyses at 95% plateau of absolute weight gain (AWG; g fish?1), feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein deposition (PD; g fish?1) and lysine deposition (LD; g fish?1) exhibited lysine requirement between 2.0% to 2.3% of the dry diet, corresponding to 5.3–6.1% protein. 相似文献