优化预处理及脱毒工艺以制备玉米芯半纤维素水解液     

王家旺  杨晓峰  刘国明  葛菁萍 《中国农学通报》2020,36(20):28-35

为了降低玉米芯半纤维素水解液中的乙酸、糠醛和酚类等有毒物质含量,使可利用糖类含量增加。本研究以玉米芯为原料制备水解液,对预处理及脱毒工艺进行优化,并利用高效液相色谱(HPLC)检测优化效果。结果表明,10~20目的玉米芯在10%氨水浸泡24 h后,可将乙酸和酚类物质的脱除率,分别提高至93.4%和32.3%,而糠醛的含量也大大降低。经过真空浓缩、CaO脱毒以及2%活性炭吸附后,使有毒物质含量再次降低,此时的水解液可完全用于菌株的发酵试验,达到了去除的目的。本文所得到的最佳水解液处理步骤,其结果符合菌株发酵用标准,说明水解液处理方式的不同,直接影响着水解液的制备。这为研究和利用木质纤维素等可再生资源提供了思路,也为发酵生产奠定了理论基础。  相似文献   

一种基于硼氢化钠的新型储氢材料研究     

赵顺禹  张溪 《湖南农机》2016,(3):43-45

硼氢化钠的水解产物是一种新的储氢材料，其良好的可逆储氢能力在5MPa氢气压力真空条件下3分钟后在室温下吸收氢150。根据报道，它已被证明，这两种改变的催化剂NaBH4水解和添加催化剂直接插入接口是两个非常有效进一步提高接口的储氢容量。对hpsb-y2o3脱氢TiO2分别掺杂均达到重量2.4%和重量4.6%。重要的是对hpsb-y2o3可逆的脱氢能力不下降后成功———超循环。相比之下，对hpsb-ceo2可逆脱氢高达到重量5.9%，在室温下5分钟后3MPa氢气压力150氢吸附。  相似文献   

动态高压微射流协同谷氨酰胺转氨酶复合修饰对鱼明胶凝胶特性和结构的影响     

赵慧竹  林俊杰  李卓恒  陈兴朋  李承恒  杨文鸽  黄涛  张秋婷 《核农学报》2020,34(9):1990-1995

为了提高鱼明胶的凝胶特性,本试验采用动态高压微射流(DHPM)协同谷氨酰胺转氨酶(TG)交联(DHPM-TG)技术对鱼明胶进行复合修饰。结果表明,鱼明胶的亮度、特性粘度和胶融温度均随着TG含量的增加而增大,凝胶强度和硬度先增大后减小。与TG修饰技术相比,DHPM-TG复合修饰技术可显著提高鱼明胶的特性粘度、胶融温度、凝胶强度以及胶体的硬度和咀嚼性。此外,环境扫描电镜结果表明,DHPM-TG制备的鱼明胶胶体结构更加致密。综上,DHPM-TG复合修饰显著改善了鱼明胶的凝胶特性,为生产可替代哺乳动物明胶的高品质鱼明胶提供了新的理论依据。  相似文献   

仿生法评定抗草甘膦玉米和转Bt基因玉米的酶水解物能值的研究     

钟儒清  陈亮  高理想  黄庆华  刘蕾  张宏福 《动物营养学报》2015,27(5)

本试验旨在分析抗草甘膦玉米和转Bt基因玉米原料及饲粮与同源非转基因玉米原料及饲粮体外总能消化率以及酶水解物能值,为转基因玉米的营养实质等同性仿生评定方法的研究提供参考。试验采用单因素完全随机设计,使用单胃动物仿生消化系统模拟饲料原料和饲粮在鸡胃肠道的消化过程,分析同源非转基因玉米、抗草甘膦玉米和转Bt基因玉米以及对应的3种玉米-豆粕饲粮在不同体外模拟消化阶段的干物质消化率、总能消化率和酶水解物能值的差异。结果表明:同源非转基因玉米、抗草甘膦玉米和转Bt基因玉米以及对应饲粮在常规概率成分含量上是相似的。抗草甘膦玉米及饲粮与同源非转基因玉米及饲粮相比,在干物质和能量胃消化率、全消化道消化率及酶水解物能值上均没有显著差异(P0.05)。转Bt基因玉米全消化道总能消化率低于同源非转基因玉米(P=0.03,变异系数=0.50%),对应玉米饲粮的酶水解物能值则高于同源非转基因玉米饲粮(P=0.02,变异系数=1.12%),但均处于仿生消化系统测试的误差范围内(变异系数≤1.64%)。由此可见,抗草甘膦玉米的酶水解物能值与同源对照玉米没有差异,而转Bt基因玉米存在统计学意义上的差异,但所有的测值均处于仿生消化系统的测试误差之内。仿生法发现的差异是否具有生物学意义有待体内试验验证。仿生法可为转基因饲料营养等同性研究提供一种新方法。  相似文献   

Effects of dietary Bacillus coagulans and yeast hydrolysate supplementation on growth performance,immune response and intestinal barrier function in weaned piglets     

Runqi Fu  Chan Liang  Daiwen Chen  Hui Yan  Gang Tian  Ping Zheng  Jun He  Jie Yu  Xiangbing Mao  Zhiqing Huang  Yuheng Luo  Junqiu Luo  Bing Yu 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2021,105(5):898-907

The present study investigated the effects of Bacillus coagulans and yeast hydrolysate supplementation on growth performance, immune response and intestinal barrier function of weaned piglets. Twenty-four weaned piglets with an average body weight (BW) of 6.89 ± 0.15 kg were divided into four diets for 28 days. The treatments were basal diet (control), basal diet supplemented with antibiotic (20 mg/kg colistin sulphate and 40 mg/kg bacitracin zinc, AT), probiotics (400 mg/kg Bacillus coagulans ≥5 × 109 CFU/g, BC) or yeast hydrolysate (5000 mg/kg yeast hydrolysate, YH). Average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) were improved by AT and YH diets (p < 0.05), while BC diet only increased ADG (p < 0.05). The complement 3 (C3), lysozyme (LZM) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) concentrations in serum were increased in BC diet (p < 0.05). Feeding AT and YH caused the increase of jejunal villus height (p < 0.05), and a higher ratio of villus height/crypt depth was observed in AT, BC and YH groups (p < 0.05). The mRNA expression of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in jejunal mucosa was up-regulated by AT, BC and YH diets (p < 0.05). Dietary AT, BC or YH inclusion decreased the interleukin-1β (IL-1β) concentration and TNF-α mRNA expression (p < 0.05), and YH supplementation even down-regulated toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and CD14 expressions (p < 0.05). In summary, the dietary administration of BC or YH both improves growth performance through promoting the intestinal barrier function, indicating both of them can serve as potential alternatives to antibiotics growth promoters for the piglet production.  相似文献   

明胶用量及其与卡拉胶复配对奶冻品质的影响     

郭元博  王思婷  张成  薛婧  龙肇 《中国乳业》2023,(2):97-103

[目的]奶冻在储存过程中常出现失水现象,为提高奶冻贮藏中的品质和保水性。[方法]以不同时间下奶冻质构特性、持水力、感官品质指标评价奶冻品质,探究明胶添加量以及明胶-卡拉胶复配对奶冻品质的影响。[结果]随明胶添加量增大,水析率、回复性和弹性逐渐减小,硬度和咀嚼度逐渐增大,感官品质先提升后下降,明胶添加量为1.8%时奶冻品质最好;在总胶体用量为1.8%情况下,卡拉胶比例增大,水析率和弹性变化幅度小,硬度先增大后减小再增大,咀嚼度先减小后增大,回复性减小,感官品质先降低后提升最后持续降低,卡拉胶比例为7%时其奶冻品质最好。[结论]1.8%的胶体添加量下添加7%的卡拉胶与明胶复配提高了奶冻的贮藏品质,胶体复配可改善奶冻贮藏中品质下降问题。  相似文献   

Construction of Sustained Drug Delivery System for bFGF     

LI Shao-hong  CAI Shao-xi  LIU Bin  MA Kai-wang  LI Yuan  LI Xiao-fang 《保鲜与加工》2006,(12):111-115

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Protein quality of larval feed with increased concentration of hydrolysed protein: effects of heat treatment and leaching     

A. NORDGREEN  S. TONHEIM  & K. HAMRE 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2009,15(5):525-536

Four heat coagulated early weaning diets with increasing concentrations of pepsin hydrolysed protein, were investigated with regard to the change in protein quality during feed production and exposure to leaching. Water-soluble N, trichloroacetic acid-soluble N and amino acid (AA) profiles were determined in finished diets and in diets leached for 6 min. In vitro diet digestibility was measured and related to increasing inclusion of hydrolysed protein and N leakage. Seventeen to 47% of soluble N in the feed ingredients was made insoluble by heat denaturation during feed production, but the concentration of peptides and free amino acids (FAA) were not influenced. All peptides/FAA and 70–80% of water-soluble protein were lost after exposure to leaching. Increased inclusion of hydrolysed protein increased the loss of crude protein (15–30%). All taurine and 30% of histidine was lost during leaching, no other major changes in AA profile were found. There was no difference in digestibility between diets exposed to leaching. However, leached diets showed reduced digestibility as compared to diets that had not been exposed to leaching. In conclusion micro-bound type diets as used in this study have a low efficiency in delivering soluble N to fish larvae and should be carefully considered for this purpose.  相似文献   

玉米芯水解液发酵生产木糖醇的研究   总被引：7，自引：2，他引：7  

孙昆山  夏黎明 《林产化学与工业》2002,22(2):26-30

假丝酵母（Candida sp.)菌株经驯化后显著地提高了对水解液中发酵抑制物质的耐受力，从而增加了木糖利用率和木糖醇得率，玉米芯水解液经过石灰中和后，在30℃下采用台化后的假丝酵母菌株直接发酵生产木糖醇，对发酵条件进行了优化，优化结果为：接种量10%（体积比），种子龄17h，氮源组成：1.5g/L的酵母浸膏，2.5g/L的胰蛋白胨，250mL三角瓶装液120mL，初始pH值5.5。在此条件下，木糖的利用率达79.8%，木糖醇得率达62.4%^，该方法大大降低了预处理的成本，显示了良好的应用前景。  相似文献   

Effects of food enriched with egg yolk hydrolysate (bone peptide) on bone metabolism in orchidectomized dogs     

Toyokazu KOBAYASHI  Hiroshi KOIE  Arisa WATANABE  Arisa INO  Kazuya WATABE  Mujo KIM  Kiichi KANAYAMA  Kazuya OTSUJI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(4):503-506

We examined the effects of chicken egg hydrolysate (also known as “bone peptide” or BP) on bone metabolism in 5- to 8-month-old orchidectomized dogs. The bone formation marker serum bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP) and the bone resorption marker urine deoxypyridinoline (DPD) were used as indicators to measure changes in bone metabolism. The following results were observed that Serum BAP was higher in dogs fed BP-enriched food throughout the clinical investigation. Serum BAP was statistically significantly higher in dogs fed BP-enriched food than in dogs fed non-BP-enriched food at 2 months after orchidectomy. This suggests that BP promoted bone formation immediately after orchidectomy.  相似文献