四川省2种生境条件下黑麦草种子生产性能的研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

鄢燕  张新全  刘淑珍 《草业学报》2005,14(5):37-42

对四川省的丘陵区(洪雅)和中山地区(汉源)2种生境条件下的黑麦草种子生产性能进行了研究分析,结果表明,试验两地的种子产量和质量均有显著差异.其中,洪雅点种子产量为244.0 kg/hm2,汉源点的种子产量为532.8 kg/hm2.两样地的种子质量相比,汉源点的发芽势、发芽率、四唑染色数和四唑脱氢酶均高于洪雅点.两地的种子产量与其构成因素的相关性基本一致,均呈显著相关;相关性强弱依次为:每生殖枝种子数>生殖枝数>每生殖枝小花数>分蘖数>每生殖枝小穗数>千粒重.每生殖枝种子数对种子产量贡献最大.  相似文献   

The significance of meandering channel morphology on the diversity and abundance of macroinvertebrates in a lowland river in Japan     

Daisuke Nakano  Futoshi Nakamura 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2008,18(5):780-798

• 1. Many rivers and streams across the world have been channelized for various purposes. Channel cross‐sections of meandering rivers are asymmetrical and have cross‐sectional diversity in their physical environment; cross‐sections of a channelized river are typically trapezoidal and have little cross‐sectional diversity, both in physical and ecological conditions. Several programmes to restore stream meanders have been undertaken to improve river ecosystems degraded by channelization. However, the association between diversification in the physical environment due to meander restoration and the macroinvertebrate community structure is poorly known.
• 2. This study of a lowland river in Japan assessed how the cross‐sectional diversity of the physical environment changed with restoration of a meander in a channelized river, and how the macroinvertebrate communities responded to the changes in physical habitat variation. Comparisons were made between the macroinvertebrate communities of a channelized reach, the restored meandering reach, and a natural meandering reach.
• 3. Natural meandering and restored meandering reaches showed higher cross‐sectional diversity in physical variables and total taxon richness across a reach than did the channelized reach. Almost all taxa observed in the natural and restored meandering reaches were concentrated in the shallowest marginal habitats near the banks. Shear velocity increasing with water depth had a negative association with macroinvertebrate density and richness.
• 4. This study demonstrated that the shallow river bed along the inside of bends formed point bars that provided a highly stable substrate, a suitable habitat for macroinvertebrates in a lowland river. It is concluded that meander restoration could be an effective strategy for in‐stream habitat restoration in lowland meandering rivers.

Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

瑞丽山龙眼幼苗光合特性研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

马加芳  李贵祥  柴勇  和丽萍  孟广涛 《热带作物学报》2017,38(4):640-645

使用Li-6400XT便携式光合仪测定高黎贡山南段2种环境(野外、大棚)下生长的我国特有种植物瑞丽山龙眼幼苗的光合特性,结果表明:(1)2种环境下生长的幼苗净光合速率(PN)日变化出现"双峰"曲线,有"午休"现象,但峰值出现的时刻与大小不同,野外幼苗在10:00、16:00出现高峰值,分别为4.608、2.118μmol/(m~2·s),大棚幼苗在11:00、15:00出现2个高峰值,分别为4.102、3.982μmol/(m~2·s);蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)变化趋势与净光合速率变化趋势一致,也有"午休"现象;水分利用率(WUE)无明显变化规律;胞间CO_2浓度(Ci)与净光合速率日变化相反。(2)净光合速率与环境因子偏相关性分析表明,环境因子:光合有效辐射(PAR)、大气CO_2浓度(Ca)、空气温度(Ta)、相对湿度(RH)对幼苗PN值影响均为:PARCaTaRH;(3)两地幼苗光饱和点(LSP)均较高,野外为2 674.995μmol/(m~2·s)、大棚幼苗为2 228.754μmol/(m~2·s),光补偿点(LCP)分别为38.250、8.322μmol/(m~2·s)。  相似文献   

河西走廊荒漠绿洲过渡带沙丘不同生境沙拐枣种群扩张特征研究     

刘宇娇  王国华 《中国农学通报》2020,36(6):42-47

本研究以河西走廊荒漠绿洲边缘关键天然固沙植物沙拐枣为研究对象,对流动沙丘、固定沙丘不同生境的沙拐枣种群扩张特征进行调查,旨在更全面地认识其种群扩张特征和对干旱高温环境的适应对策。结果表明：（1）沙丘不同生境,沙拐枣种群扩张方式存在显著差异：在流动沙丘,丘间低地和过渡带以有性繁殖为主,无性繁殖为辅;迎风坡和背风坡以无性繁殖为主;而随着流动沙丘固定,种群以有性繁殖为主,无性繁殖数量和所占比重显著下降,并导致种群数量下降。（2）不同生境中沙拐枣种群密度与年龄均呈显著负相关,种群以幼龄苗为主,种群最大年龄出现在丘间低地,为36龄。（3）流动沙丘不同生境根状茎主要为2年生,多年生根状茎长度较短;而固定沙丘不同生境根状茎年龄结构较为均衡。  相似文献   

黄土高原不同立地条件下刺槐生长与水分关系研究   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

单长卷  梁宗锁  郝文芳  刘淑明 《西北林学院学报》2004,19(2):9-14

对黄土高原丘陵沟壑区3种立地下的刺槐生长状况与土壤水分条件的关系进行了研究.对生长中期和生长末期3种立地刺槐的蒸腾速率及与其有关的环境因子进行了测定.结果表明:在生长初期、中期、末期3个时期半阴坡、半阳坡、阳坡3种立地间土壤水分的差异均达极显著水平.半阴坡的蒸腾与半阳坡差异不显著,与阳坡差异极显著,蒸腾速率与光强和土壤水分有明显的相关关系.3种立地条件下刺槐新枝生长的差异达显著水平,胸径生长与土壤水分显著相关,新枝生长与土壤水分相关关系达极显著水平,这说明土壤水分是影响不同立地条件下刺槐生长差异的主要因子  相似文献   

海南东寨港红树林湿地鸟类监测与研究   总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1  

冯尔辉  陈伟  廖宝文  李华亮  陈玉军  黄勃 《热带生物学报》2012,3(1):73-77

利用样线法年对海南东寨港红树林湿地的鸟类进行调查,并对鸟类的物种多样性和生境进行了分析。结果表明,东寨港红树林湿地共记录有鸟类11目26科65种,总数量为24531只,其中水鸟有41种,占调查总种数的63％。全年水鸟的种类和数量具有明显的季节性变化,均为越冬期较多,繁殖期较少。不同生境的鸟类群落组成及物种多样性在不同季节的差异性显著。  相似文献   

乌鲁木齐地区不同生境土壤捕食性螨类群落结构及其多样性研究     

吾玛尔·阿布力孜  阿布都如苏力·吐逊  木卡热木·阿吉木  张卫红 《新疆农业科学》2012,49(9):1748-1758

[目的]研究土壤捕食性螨类群落结构及其多样性特征,为开发利用及保护乌鲁木齐地区农林害虫捕食性天敌资源提供科学依据.[方法]采用塔氏( Tullgren)分离法和群落多样性分析方法对该区不同生境土壤捕食性螨类资源的群落结构、多样性及其季节动态变化进行比较分析.[结果]乌鲁木齐市不同生境土壤农林害虫捕食性螨类3643只,分别隶属于2目21科38属.其中前气门目螨类有5科11属,中气门目螨类有16科27属,其中优势类群为美绥螨属Ameroseius、囊螨属Asca、真长须螨属Eustigmaeus和表刻螨属Epicrius 等四类,占总捕获量的61.57;.常见类群为背刻螨属Epicriopsis、毛绥螨属Lasioseius、吸螨属Bdella、肉食螨属Cheyletus、寄螨属Parasitus、真派盾螨属Euparholaspulus、尾足螨属Uropoda、维螨属Veigaia、厉螨属Hypoaspis、土厉螨Ololaelaps等10类,占总捕获量的30.47;,其余14类为稀有类群,仅占总捕获量的7.96;.在不同生境土壤捕食性螨类个体数和类群数之间差异均为显著(P＜0.05),其中自然榆林最高,菜地最低,个体数顺序为自然榆林＞植物园＞菜地＞防护林＞居民点＞草地.群落类群数及个体数的垂直分布均具有表聚性,不同生境及不同土层间差异均为极显著(P＜0.01),个体数和类群数在不同季节之间差异显著(P＜0.05),其顺序为夏季＞秋季＞冬季＞春季.群落相似性系数在不同生境样地之间基本上属于中等不相似(0.25≤q＜0.50).群落多样性指标在不同生境间差异显著(P＜0.05),其中Shannon - Wiener多样性指数(H)顺序为自然榆林＞植物园＞草地＞菜地＞居民点＞防护林.Margalef丰富度指数(M)顺序为自然榆林＞草地＞植物园＞防护林＞居民点＞菜地.[结论]乌鲁木齐地区土壤捕食性螨类资源相当丰富,因此,为了加强农林害虫的生物控制、提高绿色农产品产量,亟待进一步加强此类资源的保护利用研究.  相似文献   

Climate‐induced vulnerability of fisheries in the Coral Triangle: Skipjack Tuna thermal spawning habitats     

Roberto Venegas  Thomas Oliver  Russell E. Brainard  Mudjekeewis Santos  Rollan Geronimo  Matthew Widlansky 《Fisheries Oceanography》2019,28(2):117-130

We investigated projected changes in sea surface temperature (SST) and the associated impacts on spawning habitat for skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) in the Coral Triangle region (CT). A multimodel aggregate of SST CMIP5 models for the CT region, based on a comprehensive skill validation assessment, was used to identify the five best performing of 36 models tested for inclusion in a regional multimodel ensemble. Monthly 1° SST multimodel aggregate projections for the CT region under RCP8.5 show that increases in SST, as high as 2.8°C (mean value), will likely occur by the end of this century. Using these estimates of SST change, we applied three parameterizations of skipjack tuna spawning temperatures to assess the potential for change in spawning habitat within the CT region. The three spawning temperature parameterizations were as follows: (a) a square‐wave function derived from catch data with boundaries at 26 and 30°C; (b) a symmetric Gaussian function derived from the SEAPODYM models; and (c) an asymmetric Gaussian function that modifies the SEAPODYM curve in (b) to include the results of relevant physiological experiments. All three parameterizations show similar geographic patterns, with the amount of favourable spawning habitat decreasing throughout the central, equatorial CT region and increasing at higher latitudes. However, the three parameterizations show marked differences in the modelled magnitude of change, with an asymmetric Gaussian function (ASGF) showing a regionwide average of 66.1% decline in favourable spawning habitat between 2015 and 2099. These projected changes in tuna spawning habitats are likely to have important consequences on local and regional fisheries management in the CT region.  相似文献   

基于流域生物资源保护的水库生态调度   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

许可  周建中  顾然  覃辉 《水生态学杂志》2009,30(2):134-138

阐述了流域水电开发对流域生物资源的影响途径:通道阻隔、水库淹没、径流调节、水温变化等,探讨了流域水电开发对河流连续性、河道洪枯过程、库区生境等生态功能的影响方式.结合三峡水利枢纽工程实例,针对宜昌断面基于流域生物资源保护的流量要求,建立了以水电站发电效益最大为目标的长期优化调度模型,并采用差分进化法进行优化求解,获得了相应的水电站水库调度出流过程,并在此基础上采取人造洪峰、提高下泄水温等生态修复方式保护流域生物资源.建议水库运行调度应在考虑工程功能的同时,兼顾下游及水库的生态功能,以达到流域水资源开发与保护流域健康的生态系统相协调的目的.  相似文献   

A seasonal survey of surface water habitats within the River Spey basin,Scotland: major nutrient properties     

B.O.L. Demars  A.C. Edwards 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2007,17(6):565-583

• 1. Current monitoring strategies of governmental organizations tend to be focused on relatively large flowing and standing waters, and until recently those polluted by point sources. Consequently areas of high conservation interest tend to be understudied, and defining reference conditions, as required by current legislation, is difficult to achieve.
• 2. In order to address this imbalance, water samples have been collected and analysed once in each of four seasons during 2003 from 72 locations within a 100 km² area of the oligotrophic River Spey catchment in NE Scotland. The sampling design included examples of running water (headwater streams and the main rivers) and standing water (lochs, lochans, pools, ditches, backwaters, bogs). Altitude ranged from 220 to 980 m and incorporated a climatic regime from cool temperate to sub‐alpine. Each sampling campaign targeted low‐flow conditions to evaluate steady‐state nutrient concentrations.
• 3. Concentrations of the major soluble nutrients nitrogen and phosphorus demonstrated high spatial and temporal variability, with soluble organic and molybdate unreactive forms generally being dominant. Concentrations of ammonium‐N, nitrate‐N and soluble reactive phosphorus were extremely small, with 50% of samples falling below 8, 5 and 1 µg L^?1, respectively, during spring and summer.
• 4. Sampling sites were grouped either by water‐body type or by the properties of their immediate biophysical zone. Together these two groupings explained 33–38% of the variance in water chemistry. Certain changes were detectable across most habitats and biophysical zones.
• 5. A decline in the concentration of nitrate that occurred in reaches downstream from certain headwater streams draining the mountain areas indicated the potential for its within‐stream utilization. Inorganic N dynamics differed between small streams and large rivers.
• 6. Landscape‐scale patterns were recorded in spring and summer nutrient availability with inorganic N and P thresholds (arbitrarily defined) of 10 and 1 µg L^?1, respectively.

Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献