外源肌苷酸对种鸡产蛋性能、蛋品质及种蛋孵化性能的影响     

牛自康  吴乐  张鑫蕊  叶成智  宦海琳  张峰  魏明星  闫俊书 《中国畜牧兽医》2021,(1)

本试验通过在种鸡的基础饲粮中加入肌苷酸(IMP)来研究其对种鸡产蛋性能、蛋品质和种蛋孵化性能的影响。选择遗传背景相同、体重相近,产蛋率达到5%的20周龄健康AA种鸡864羽,随机分为2组(对照组饲喂基础饲粮;试验组饲喂基础饲粮+0.5%肌苷酸),每组6个重复,每个重复72羽,试验期30 d。测定试验期间所有种蛋的平均蛋重、产蛋率和合格蛋率;每组随机选取部分种蛋进行蛋品质测定;于孵化开始第17天,通过照蛋处理统计种蛋受精率,第21天出雏时,计算受精蛋孵化率、入孵蛋孵化率和健雏率。试验结果表明:与对照组相比,试验组种鸡的平均蛋重、产蛋率和合格蛋率均有升高的趋势,但差异不显著(P>0.05);蛋形指数显著升高(P<0.05),蛋壳强度、蛋壳厚度和蛋黄颜色显著降低(P<0.05);受精率、受精蛋孵化率和入孵蛋孵化率显著升高(P<0.05),健雏率和雏鸡体重有升高的趋势,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。综上,0.5%外源肌苷酸对种鸡的产蛋性能和种蛋孵化性能均有促进作用。  相似文献   

米蛾(Corcyra cephalonice)成虫产卵及卵发育对温度的响应     

于玲  崔娟  阮长春  臧连生  张文芳  史树森 《中国农学通报》2015,31(35):128-132

明确温度与米蛾成虫生殖和卵发育的关系并进行模式化表达,为人工智能规模化繁育米蛾及利用其卵进行天敌昆虫的繁殖提供科学依据。在室内5个恒温条件下(15℃、20℃、25℃、30℃、35℃)测定米蛾卵的发育历期、孵化进度、孵化率及成虫产卵量、产卵动态、寿命等。结果显示,米蛾卵在15℃条件下停滞发育(不能孵化),在20~35℃的温度范围内,卵的发育历期与温度呈负相关,卵的发育速率总体趋势符合Logistic曲线模型V=0.25/[1+exp(5.06-0.24t)](R=0.9993,F=358.06,P=0.0373),孵化率与温度的关系符合二项式关系模型y=1/[0.0144+526644.37exp(-t)](R=0.9471,F=26.14,P=0.0145),在试验温度范围内,米蛾成虫单雌产卵量有随着温度升高呈现先增加后降低的趋势,且米蛾单雌产卵量(y)与温度(t)的关系符合二项式模型y=-2.38t2+128.42t-1383.58(R=0.9941,F=84.28,P=0.0117),成虫寿命亦随着温度的升高逐渐缩短。米蛾雌虫产卵适宜温度范围是25~30℃,最适温度为26.98℃,卵发育的适宜温度范围是20~30℃,最适温度为26.90℃。  相似文献   

脱防冻剂方法对牛体外受精胚胎冷冻后成活率的影响   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

阳年生  蒋和生 《中国兽医学报》1998,18(3):291-294

为了观察脱防冻剂方法对牛体外受精冷冻胚胎在体内、外发育率的影响,应用常规冷冻法在０．７５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ甘油＋０．５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ丙二醇溶液中冷冻受精后７、８ｄ的囊胚,解冻后在０．２５、０．５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ蔗糖液中二步或在０．２５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ蔗糖液中三步脱防冻剂的胚胎孵化率（分别为６８．６％、６２．２％、６８．７％）与用ＰＢＳ／ＦＣＳ六步脱防冻剂的差异不显著（７０．４％,Ｐ＞０．０５）,但在０．５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ蔗糖液中三步脱防冻剂后,孵化率显著降低（４７．６％,Ｐ＜０．０１）。用０．２５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ或０．５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ蔗糖或海藻糖预先使胚胎脱水后冷冻,解冻后可使胚胎直接在ＰＢＳ中一步脱掉防冻剂,胚胎孵化率（４５．０％～４９．５％）与在０．２５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ蔗糖液中二步脱防冻剂的相似（５１．５％,Ｐ＞０．０５）。移植试验表明,在０．２５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ蔗糖液中二步脱防冻剂获得的妊娠率与六步脱防冻剂相似,与在ＰＢＳ中一步脱防冻剂的亦无明显差异,但妊娠率均偏低（２１．４％～３７．５％）。  相似文献   

Effects of silvering state on induced maturation and spawning in wild female Japanese eel <Emphasis Type="Italic">Anguilla japonica</Emphasis>     

Akihiro Okamura  Yoshiaki Yamada  Noriyuki Horie  Tomoko Utoh  Naomi Mikawa  Satoru Tanaka  Katsumi Tsukamoto 《Fisheries Science》2008,74(3):642-648

ABSTRACT:   The effects of silvering state of wild female Japanese eels Anguilla japonica on the success of induced maturation and the following spawning were examined. Thirty-eight females, collected in Mikawa Bay, were divided into four stages based on their silvering state: yellow (Y1), late-yellow (Y2), silver (S1) and late silver eels (S2). Despite injections of salmon pituitary extract (SPE) through the standard technique, Y1 and Y2 eels did not respond to the treatment with undeveloped gonad (gonad-somatic index [GSI]: 0.3–0.9), and all these females died by 5 weeks, probably due to an abnormal physiological condition. Most S1 (81%) and S2 eels (100%) matured completely (GSI: 17.8–51.4), and finally spawned successfully (69% for S1, 89% for S2). S2 eels fully matured with oocytes of over 750 μm in diameter by significantly smaller number of injections of SPE (5–6 times) than the case of S1 eels (6–8 times). The amount of eggs released by S2 eels (0.65 ± 0.11 g/fish per body weight [BW]) was significantly larger than those by S1 eels (0.54 ± 0.09 g/fish per BW). There was no difference in fertilization and hatching rates between eggs released by S1 eels and those of S2 eels. These results indicate that the success of induced maturation and spawning in wild female Japanese eels depends on their silvering state, and matured eggs can be obtained efficiently through the use of S2 eels rather than other stages.  相似文献   

外源人绒毛膜促性腺激素诱导黑边石斑鱼排卵的研究     

徐文刚  唐永政  张建柏  征矢野清  邹华锋 《广东农业科学》2020,47(4):122-128

【目的】了解外源人绒毛膜促性腺激素(human chorionic gonadotropin,HCG)诱导黑边石斑鱼(Epinephelus fasciatus)排卵的影响。【方法】以成熟的黑边石斑鱼为研究对象,测量其体长、体质量和肥满度后,在2018年7—8月,使用HCG激素(剂量为200 IU/kg或500 IU/kg)注射分别对6尾雌鱼进行成熟诱导。【结果】在200 IU/kg HCG处理中,注射24 h前有5尾雌鱼的卵母细胞处于第三次卵黄球前期阶段;注射48 h后2尾雌鱼出现核移动卵母细胞,1尾雌鱼的卵母细胞为第三次卵黄球后期阶段;注射60 h后1尾雌鱼出现排卵现象,其余5尾雌鱼均为第三次卵黄球后期阶段。在200 IU/kg HCG处理的排卵个体中,注射时其卵母细胞直径为477.0 μm,注射后60 h卵母细胞的直径增加至624.4 μm。此外,经催产、排卵、受精和孵化后共获得总卵数16 906粒,受精率为68.7%,孵化率为43.0%。而500 IU/kg HCG处理的黑边石斑鱼排卵失败。【结论】使用剂量为200 IU/kg的外源HCG激素可诱导黑边石斑鱼成熟且排卵,但为了提高排卵率、受精率和孵化率,其注射剂量和效应时间还需要进一步调节。  相似文献   

Effect of the dusk photoperiod change from light to dark on the incubation period of eggs of the spotted rose snapper, Lutjanus guttatus (Steindachner)     

Neil J Duncan  Leonardo Ibarra-Castro  & Ricardo Alvarez-Villaseñor 《Aquaculture Research》2008,39(4):427-433

Spotted rose snapper, Lutjanus guttatus (Steindachner), eggs were incubated under different photoperiods to examine the effect of photoperiod on incubation. The eggs from two fish were incubated under five artificial photoperiods: constant dark (D), constant light (L) from 06:00 hours and 6, 10 and 14 h of light from 06:00 hours. The eggs from seven other fish were incubated under a natural photoperiod. Different spawning times (21:00 – 01:00 hours) and different photoperiods combined to give the start of the dusk photoperiod change after 11–23 h of incubation. Constant light or applying the dusk photoperiod change after ≥20 h of incubation appeared to extend the hatching period. The mean hatching period for groups of eggs incubated in darkness or that received the dusk photoperiod change after ≤19 h of incubation (n=8 different groups) was 2 h 15±10 min, which was significantly lower (P<0.05) than the mean hatching period of 4 h±37 min for groups that did not receive the dusk photoperiod change or that received the dusk photoperiod change after ≥20 h of incubation (n=9 groups). However, despite these differences, the majority of the eggs hatched during a 2–3 h period from 17 to 20 h of incubation, and a sigmoid regression (r²=0.9) explained the relationship between percentage hatch and hours of incubation for all photoperiod groups.  相似文献   

桑蚕卵电晕人工孵化技术研究：V.电晕处理蚕种的农村饲育   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

吴春泉  杨明观 《蚕桑通报》1997,28(2):26-28

通过１９９４～１９９６年电晕处理蚕种的农村饲养，得到以下几点认识，在保证卵面消毒和排除孵化不齐因素情况下，电晕蚕种与浸酸蚕种的产量质量无显著差异，专供农用的大板电晕仪存在放电不匀，孵经不齐和孵化率欠高的问题，有待改进，电晕处理蚕种还须进行卵消毒。  相似文献   

螺虫乙酯抑制西花蓟马卵孵化的蛋白质组学分析     

周桂盈  杨晓敏  滕子文  孙丽娟  郑长英 《中国农业科学》2022,55(15):2938-2948

【目的】前期研究发现,螺虫乙酯处理西花蓟马（Frankliniella occidentalis）0 h卵24 h后,造成卵壳破裂从而抑制卵孵化出若虫。本研究旨在探究螺虫乙酯处理西花蓟马0 h卵24 h后引起卵形态结构发生变化的原因,寻找螺虫乙酯抑制西花蓟马0 h卵孵化的关键蛋白,揭示螺虫乙酯抑制西花蓟马卵孵化的分子机制。【方法】以西花蓟马0 h卵为研究对象,使用浓度为14.42 mg·L^-1的螺虫乙酯处理24 h后,采用无标记定量（Label-free）蛋白质组学技术分析螺虫乙酯处理组与对照组之间的差异表达蛋白。利用Gene Ontology（GO）富集分析和KEGG通路分析对筛选出的差异表达蛋白进行功能注释和通路分析等生物信息学分析,并通过平行反应监测（PRM）技术验证差异蛋白的表达量。【结果】螺虫乙酯处理后共有204个蛋白差异表达,其中124个蛋白表达量上调,80个蛋白表达量下调。生物信息学分析表明,上调的差异表达蛋白主要参与物质合成和代谢通路,下调的差异表达蛋白主要参与对外界刺激的防御反应通路。此外,利用PRM技术对差异表达蛋白进行鉴定,结果表明螺虫乙酯处理西花蓟马0 h卵24 h后,三磷酸鸟苷环水解酶1-1、三磷酸鸟苷环水解酶1-2、类谷胱甘肽硫-转移酶、脂酰辅酶A还原酶蛋白表达量显著上调,西花蓟马卵的类内表皮结构糖蛋白SgAbd-2、类铜/锌-超氧化物歧化酶、O-乙酰基转移酶蛋白表达量显著下调,且类内表皮结构糖蛋白SgAbd-2表达量下调最为明显。PRM技术验证结果与蛋白质组学的结果一致。【结论】上述蛋白可能在西花蓟马卵孵化过程中发挥多种功能,其中类内表皮结构糖蛋白SgAbd-2与昆虫表皮分化等生命活动相关,推测螺虫乙酯抑制了类内表皮结构糖蛋白SgAbd-2的表达,从而造成西花蓟马0 h卵出现卵壳破裂的现象,类内表皮结构糖蛋白SgAbd-2可能在西花蓟马0 h卵孵化的过程中发挥重要作用。  相似文献   

咸海卡拉白鱼胚胎和仔鱼早期发育   总被引：10，自引：1，他引：10  

蔺玉华  耿龙武  吴文化  王斌  夏永涛  刘晓勇 《中国水产科学》2004,11(3):208-213

取3+龄咸海卡拉白鱼(Chalcalburnus chalcoides aralensis)进行全人工繁殖,对受精卵各阶段发育形态进行观察.该鱼受精卵呈圆球状,为沉性卵,微粘性,卵粒白色透明,直径(1.32±0.04) mm.胚胎发育可分为受精卵、卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠期、神经胚期、胚孔封闭期、肌节出现期、视泡形成期、尾芽期、肌肉效应期、胚动期、心脏搏动、出膜前期和孵化期.水温22～24 ℃时,受精卵经56 h 45 min孵化出仔鱼.胚胎发育所需积温1 232～1 344 h·℃.孵化第1天仔鱼沉卧水底,体色为白色,全长(4.51±0.08) mm;第4天仔鱼平游,开始摄食蛋黄和单细胞藻类;第6天鱼体卵黄囊消失,食轮虫或丰年虫幼体;第10天仔鱼全长(7.60～9.80) mm时下塘,仔鱼摄食浮游生物;第15天仔鱼全长(9.10～11.3) mm摄食人工饲料.  相似文献   

In vitro effects of Musa x paradisiaca extracts on four developmental stages of Haemonchus contortus     

C. Marie-Magdeleine  L. Udino  L. Philibert  B. Bocage  H. Archimede 《Research in veterinary science》2014

This study was carried out to evaluate the in vitro effect of Musa x paradisiaca stem and leaf against the parasitic nematode of small ruminants Haemonchus contortus. Three extracts (aqueous, methanolic and/or dichloromethane) of Musa x paradisiaca stem and leaf were tested in vitro on four developmental stages of H. contortus using egg hatch assay (EHA), larval development assay (LDA), L3 migration inhibition assay (LMI) and adult worm motility assay (AWM). The highly significant (P < 0.0001) ability to stop larval development (inhibition >67% for each extract) and the negative effect of the dichloromethane extract of leaf on adult worm motility (43% of inhibition of motility after 24 h of incubation) compared to the negative controls, suggest anthelmintic properties of Musa x paradisiaca stem and leaf against H. contortus. The active principles responsible for the activity could be secondary metabolites such as terpenoid and flavonoid compounds present in the leaf and stem of the plant.  相似文献