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1.
本研究利用26个微卫星基因座对中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所保种场的五指山猪小群体58个样本进行了遗传学检测,用非变性(中性)聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测微卫星的PCR扩增产物,统计了群体平均基因纯合率、等位基因数,利用等位基因频率计算出各群体的平均遗传杂合度(H)、多态信息含量(PIC)。统计结果:全群平均基因纯合率为66.5%;平均多态信息含量、平均观测杂合度为、平均期望杂合度分别为0.807、0.338、0.835;每个位点平均等位基因数为11.92,此结果说明该群体虽然近交程度较高,但仍具有丰富的遗传多样性,遗传变异较大。 相似文献
2.
XU Zhong SUN Hao ZHANG Zhe Zhao Qing-bo Babatunde Shittu Olasege Li Qiu-meng Yue Yang Ma Pei-pei Zhang Xiang-zhe Wang Qi-shan Pan Yu-chun 《农业科学学报》2020,19(5):1314-1322
The aim of this study was to detect evidence for signatures of recent selection in the Jinhua pig genome. These results can be useful to better understand the regions under selection in Jinhua pigs and might shed some lights on groups of genes that control production traits. In the present study, we performed extended haplotype homozygosity(EHH) tests to identify significant core regions in 202 Jinhua pigs. A total of 26 161 core regions spanning 636.42 Mb were identified, which occupied approximately 28% of the genome across all autosomes, and 1 158 significant(P0.01) core haplotypes were selected. Genes in these regions were related to several economically important traits, including meat quality, reproduction, immune responses and exterior traits. A panel of genes including ssc-mir-365-2, KDM8, RABEP2, GSG1L, RHEB, RPH3AL and a signal pathway of PI3K-Akt were detected with the most extreme P-values. The findings in our study could draw a comparatively genome-wide map of selection signature in the pig genome, and also help to detect functional candidate genes under positive selection for further genetic and breeding research in Jinhua and other pigs. 相似文献
3.
牙鲆连续两代减数分裂雌核发育家系的遗传特征 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
对牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)减数分裂雌核发育二倍体(Meio-G1)再次诱导减数分裂雌核发育,获得连续两代雌核发育二倍体家系(Meio-G2),以Meio-G1亲本与1尾普通牙鲆雄鱼人工授精获得的家系作为对照组(control)。利用15个微卫星标记对3个家系进行遗传特征分析。结果显示,15个微卫星位点在Meio-G1、Meio-G2和对照组3个家系中,分别扩增到30、28、50个等位基因,平均等位基因数为2.0、1.9、3.3,平均观测杂合度(Ho)分别为0.875 3、0.774 2、0.908 3,平均纯合度分别为0.124 7、0.221 5、0.091 7。3个家系个体间的平均遗传相似系数分别为0.891 7、0.923 8、0.520 2,亲代与子代之间的平均相似系数分别为0.916 6、0.930 4、0.560 3。高重组率的Poli9-8tuf、Poli18tuf、Poli107tuf 3个位点在Meio-G1和Meio-G2中观测杂合度均为1.0,低重组率的Poli33tuf、Poli24MHFS两个位点在Meio-G1和Meio-G2中均全部纯合,观测杂合度为0。结果表明,Meio-G2的纯合度、个体间平均相似系数以及亲子之间的平均相似度均略高于Meio-G1,显著高于对照组家系,证明连续两代诱导减数分裂雌核发育,能提高鱼类纯合度和遗传相似度,具有固定母本遗传性状的作用。 相似文献
4.
旨在探讨高度近交陆川猪的遗传稳定性。本试验采集20头近交和6头非近交陆川猪的耳组织样品进行个体基因组重测序,通过扫描全基因组SNPs分析近交陆川猪群体的遗传多样性,并基于基因组纯合度挖掘近交陆川猪群体中特异的纯合区域（region of homozygosity,ROHs）及相关基因。结果表明,近交陆川猪群体的观察杂合度（0.373）小于期望杂合度（0.491）,推测其发生了选择或者近交;系统进化树和群体遗传结构分析发现,近交陆川猪群体在近交过程中分化成为两个近交家系,且230、236、239、132、130及126号个体亲缘关系最近;在近交群体中,基因组纯合度和基因组长纯合片段比例的均值分别为59.64%和0.12,都极显著高于非近交群体53.18%和0.05（P<0.01）,说明该近交陆川猪群体已达到高度近交;近交群体和非近交群体中分别有1 250和633个ROHs,重叠分析结果显示,特异存在于近交群体中的阳性纯合区域（positive region of homozygosity,pROHs）有224个,其中由于近交产生的纯合突变可能影响参与激素合成过程、胰液分泌、膜脂代谢过程、IgA产生的肠道免疫网络及纹肌细胞分化等相关的1 322个基因。结果提示,近交陆川猪群体的遗传多样性低、基因组纯合度高且已达到高度近交,说明该群体的遗传稳定性高。此外,近交陆川猪群体在近交过程中产生的纯合突变可能与机体的免疫、生长等生产性状相关。 相似文献
5.
Alberto Cesarani Salvatore Mastrangelo Michele Congiu Baldassare Portolano Giustino Gaspa Marco Tolone Nicolò P. P. Macciotta 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2023,140(1):28-38
The effects of inbreeding in livestock species breeds have been well documented and they have a negative impact on profitability. The objective of this study was to evaluate the levels of inbreeding in Sarda (SAR, n = 785) and Valle del Belice (VdB, n = 473) dairy sheep breeds and their impact on milk production traits. Two inbreeding coefficients (F) were estimated: using pedigree (FPED), or runs of homozygosity (ROH; FROH) at different minimum ROH lengths and different ROH classes. After the quality control, 38,779 single nucleotide polymorphisms remained for further analyses. A mixed-linear model was used to evaluate the impact of inbreeding coefficients on production traits within each breed. VdB showed higher inbreeding coefficients compared to SAR, with both breeds showing lower estimates as the minimum ROH length increased. Significant inbreeding depression was found only for milk yield, with a loss of around 7 g/day (for SAR) and 9 g/day (VdB) for a 1% increase of FROH. The present study confirms how the use of genomic information can be used to manage intra-breed diversity and to calculate the effects of inbreeding on phenotypic traits. 相似文献
6.
A phenomenon, loss of heterozygosity (LOH), was discovered in hybrid plants involving a selected plant (named AMR) of the
Chinese rice cultivar ‘ZhongxinNo. 1’ as one parent. In these hybrids and some of their progenies, somatic variations were
manifested by molecular genotypes and/or morphological phenotypes in vegetative parts of the same plant. Random amplified
polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers for the parents have been followed through the F3 generation. RAPD markers were uniformly present or absent in all plants within some or all F2 panicle rows derived from F1 hybrids involving AMR. In contrast, RAPD markers segregated in the Mendelian manner for dominant markers in panicle rows
derived from control hybrids. Certain F2 panicle rows from F1hybrids involving the special rice became fixed for all assayed RAPD markers. Genotype fixation was confirmed by molecular
assays and field observations of the F3 progenies. We propose a new biological mechanism, called ‘assortment mitosis,’ as being responsible for the observed phenomenon.
The use of this mechanism in plant hybrids allows the development of uniform progenies as early as the F2 generation. Therefore, the time required to obtain fixed non-parental type progenies for subsequent performance trials can
be drastically shortened. Utilizing this mechanism in plant breeding represents a new approach and requires the modification
of conventional plant breeding procedures.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
7.
Summary High level of heterozygosity is directly related to heterosis for yield in polysomic polyploids. Modern breeding schemes in potato (2n=4×=48) involve utilization of wild or cultivated 2 x relatives that provide a source of allelic diversity, and 2n gametes that transfer diversity to the 4 x level. Different levels of allelic diversity and different modes of 2 n egg formation were considered theoretically to determine their significance for the recovery of heterotic 4 x progeny from 2××4× crosses. The support from the experimental data is provided.Decline in parental allelic diversity in 2××4× crosses or 4××4× crosses resulted in significant yield reduction. The average level of homozygosity and loss of intra-locus interactions are equally adequate to predict the trend in yield changes in 4 x potatoes derived from parents of variable allelic diversity utilizing different modes of 2 n egg formation.The differences between the modes of 2 n gamete formation increase when the genetic diversity decreases. The more genetically diverse parents the less pronounced differences between 2 n gametes. Breeding of 4 x cultivars for polygenic traits where nonadditive effects are important should be oriented towards maximizing heterozygosity in terms of allelic diversity. Utilization of 2 n gametes to generate 4 x progeny following 2×–× or 2×–2× crosses upgrades the level of heterozygosity depending on diversity present in parents. 相似文献
8.
Genome-wide detection for runs of homozygosity analysis in three pig breeds from Chinese Taihu Basin and Landrace pigs by SLAF-seq data 
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下载免费PDF全文 Erhualian (E), Meishan (MS) and Mi (MI) pigs are excellent indigenous pig breeds in Chinese Taihu Basin, which have made great contributions to the genetic improvement of commercial pigs. Investigation of the genetic structure and inbreeding level of the 3 pig breeds is of great significance for the sustainable breeding of commercial pigs. The length and number of runs of homozygosity (ROH) as well as the frequency of genomes covered by ROH can be used as indicators to evaluate the level of inbreeding and the origin of the population. In this study, the ROH characteristics of E, MS, MI and Landrace (L) pigs were analyzed by SLAF-seq data, and the inbreeding coefficient based on ROH (FROH) was calculated. In addition, we have identified candidate genes in the genomic regions associated with ROH. A total of 10568 ROH were detected in 116 individuals of 4 pig breeds. The analysis showed that there were significant differences in genetic structure between 3 Taihu Basin pig breeds and L, and the genetic structure of E and MI was similar. The results of FROH showed that the inbreeding level of MS was the highest (0.25±0.07), while E and MI were lower than L. Compared with the other 3 pig populations, MS showed a higher frequency of long ROH (>5 Mb), indicating higher inbreeding in MS in recent generations. A large number of candidate genes related to reproductive traits are located in the genomic regions with a high frequency of ROH, and these genes are expected to be used as candidate genes in marker-assisted selection (MAS) breeding programs. Our findings can provide theoretical support for genetic conservation and genetic improvement of 3 pig breeds in Chinese Taihu Basin. 相似文献
9.
长纯合片段(runs of homozygosity, ROH)是在个体和群体中常见的连续性纯合片段,是亲代将同源相同的单倍型遗传给同一个后代而形成的。ROH蕴藏着种群丰富的遗传信息,这使ROH成为一种有用的工具,可以提供关于种群是如何随着时间的演变而变化的信息。ROH也可以用于估计个体间遗传关系,有助于将近亲交配率降至最低,还可以暴露基因组中有害的变异。ROH在基因组中的大小、分布和频率受到自然选择和人工选择、重组、连锁不平衡、群体历史、突变率和近交水平等诸多因素的影响。近年来,随着高通量基因分型技术的使用以及二代测序成本的降低,畜禽育种已经进入基因组时代。对优秀种畜禽的选择强度大大提高,这在改善畜禽生产性能的同时不可避免地会造成动物的近交,从而导致近交衰退。根据ROH的分子信息能更准确地估计纯合性并可以检测过去和最近的近亲交配情况。基于ROH计算近交系数(FROH)反映的是个体的真实近交系数,即为实现的近交系数,而系谱近交系数FPED得到的是期望值。FROH在缺乏系谱信息的情况下,也可以用来推断一个群体的历史和近亲交配水平的信息。选择会改变优良畜禽的表型,并重塑了基因组不同区域的ROH模式。此外,选择增加了目标位点周围的纯合性,有害的变异被认为更频繁地出现在ROH区域,可以通过ROH检测,降低复杂疾病发生的风险。经过长期选择,品种内同群个体相同ROH在基因组中高频出现,产生ROH岛。研究证实了ROH和正在选择的基因组区域之间具有相关性。在实际应用中,可以通过生物信息的方法在ROH岛注释到ROH区域与经济性状相关的基因。此外,ROH也为评估畜禽遗传多样性提供了新的视角,对群体进行全基因组ROH检测,剖析每个群体的遗传结构,并利用FROH对当前育种计划中近交的影响进行评估,来调整育种方案,保护品种的遗传多样性。ROH已逐渐成为探究群体历史结构、评估近交水平、鉴定候选基因方面的重要指标。识别ROH主要有观察基因型计数法和基于模型分析两种方法。常用的检测软件有PLINK、GERMLINE、BEAGLE、GARLIC等。在实际应用中,PLINK是最常用的ROH检测工具。在畜禽中,由于牛的SNP芯片推出最早,因此最先开展ROH研究的是牛的群体,牛的ROH研究数量最多、最深入。目前,在猪、羊、鸡等畜禽中关于ROH的研究也逐渐增多。文章主要综述了ROH形成的原理和检测方法,以及在畜禽中的研究进展,以期为畜禽的遗传育种提供参考。 相似文献
10.
MA Li-peng HUANG Tao LU Guo-chang LI Xiu-ying LU Zhen-yu ZHAI Teng-jiao CHENG Yue-cong FENG Shu-tang 《中国畜牧兽医》2015,42(12):3274-3281
This study was aimed to detect the genetic similarity and groups homozygosity of Xinjiang Brown cattle inbred group.Use 13 pairs of microsatellite primers to structure of genetics in the comparative analysis by the two Xinjiang Brown cattle over 40 years completely closed breeding out 55 Xinjiang Brown cattles group and 25 Xinjiang Brown cattles in control group,in order to carry out the identification of inbred groups.For Xinjiang Brown inbred group,the homozygosity was 0.9064,the polymorphism information content was 0.0873,it was found that the groups had a low polymorphism;The homozygosity was 0.4647,and polymorphic information content was 0.4882 in Xinjiang Brown cow of control group.According to the coat color of the inbreeding groups was divided into four subgroups A,B,C and D.The genetic purity of each subgroup were 0.9029,0.9632,0.9208 and 0.9551.The results showed that the detection of Xinjiang Brown cattle inbred group had higher homozygosity and lower heterozygosity,had became a high genetic purity of inbreeding group.The closure of Xinjiang Brown cattle inbred group was rare breeds of cattle,and was valuable genetic resources. 相似文献