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1.
C.J. Kleyrihans 《African Zoology》2013,48(1):11-14
Eighteen species of the family Ophryoscoiecidae, representing three genera, and three species of the family Isotrichidae representing two genera, were found in the rumina of kudu from the Republic of South Africa and Zimbabwe. One new ophryoscolecid Entodinium carinatum is described. Certain aspects of the taxonomy of Diplodinium archon, Entodinium longinucleatum and Entodinium dilobum are discussed 相似文献
2.
P.J. Fripp 《African Zoology》2013,48(1):5-11
The haematophagous blood tiematodes that comprise the genus Schistosoma live in a stable environment with an adequate food supply and an efficient waste disposal system.The main food is glucose obtained from the host blood and assimilated through the tegument Other dietary factors are assimilated through the tegument or the gut epithelium. The male fluke supplements and augments the diet of the female who is thus able to concentrate on egg production.Live flukes resist attack by the host by secreting an immunologically inert envelope and by incorporating unchanged host serum protein into their structures. They can also incorporate host structural fatty acids unchanged. 相似文献
3.
Danilo G. R. Castanho Cláudia P. de Deus Jansen Zuanon Sergio Santorelli Rafael P. Leitão Fabrício B. Teresa 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2020,29(4):533-541
The consequences of over-exploitation may seriously impair the integrity and functioning of ecosystems. When loss of species is accompanied by the loss of ecological processes, the effects are no longer just taxonomic and may affect the stability of the environments. Ornamental fishing is one of the main economic activities of the middle Negro River. Such activity is directed to a small number of species and has the Cardinal Tetra (Paracheirodon axelrodi) as the main target species. Given the potential effects this pressure and the lack of information on its consequences, the present study analysed, through simulations, the possible effects of depletion of ornamental fish populations on the functional structure of fish assemblages, represented by functional diversity (FD) and functional redundancy (FR) indexes. We sampled 13 streams exploited by the ornamental fishery, where we collected 4,286 specimens of 110 species, of which 22 were targeted as ornamental fishing. We found that the ornamental species corresponded, on average, to 27.8% of the species and 33.3% of the FD of the assemblages. In a scenario of complete exclusion of ornamental species, local communities would lose 24.6% of the FD and reduce up to 12% of the FR. With these results, it is possible to infer that the local extinction of exploited species would cause negative impacts on the multifunctionality and the resilience of the streams ecosystems. In this way, we emphasise the need for proper management of the ornamental fisheries aiming to the sustainability of the activity and to the conservation of ecosystem functionality. 相似文献
4.
Effects of different variable sets on the potential distribution of fish species in the Amazon Basin
Facundo Alvarez Pedro Gerhard Daniel Paiva Silva Bruno Spacek Godoy Luciano Fogaça de Assis Montag 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2020,29(4):764-778
Estimating species’ potential distribution is one of the main objectives of macroecology, especially when sampling biases can affect knowledge on how environmental variables affect species distribution. Ecological niche models estimate species’ environmental niches from different variables and their occurrences. Using the presence-only data from eight Amazonian fish species, which inhabit rivers and streams, we aimed to (a) explore the effect of different sets variables on the spatial distributions of target species and (b) evaluate the predictive responses of MaxEnt to sets of variables with different degrees of complexity. MaxEnt has high flexibility in relation to the input data and its performance is influenced by a moderate number of adjustable parameters, allowing for high precision results when balancing underestimation and overestimation errors. We used environmental predictors in MaxEnt the principal components of climatic, topographic and edaphic variables as inputs. The combination of topographic and edaphic variables produced more precise and spatially restricted distribution ranges for all species when compared to those generated with climatic variables. All models reached high AUC values, especially for stream species. Modelled range sizes were broader for the river species, suggesting different tolerance thresholds and habitat preferences when compared to stream species. The complexity of the different variables sets did not affect MaxEnt's prediction capacity. However, for stream species, MaxEnt showed a greater predictive power. This work increases the knowledge with regards to the influence of different environmental predictors on the spatial patterns of the distribution of Amazonian fish. 相似文献
5.
Seasonal and diel changes in fish distribution in a tropical hydropower plant tailrace: evidence from hydroacoustic and gillnet sampling 
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下载免费PDF全文 Hydropower plant operation can lead to direct impacts on fish near the dam, causing injuries and death. In Brazil, it is more common to observe these impacts in the tailrace. To understand temporal and spatial variations in fish abundance in the tailrace, to assist plant operation management, surveys were performed in Três Marias Hydropower Plant using hydroacoustics and multimesh gillnets. Data were collected in the tailrace backwater over 1 year, during 18 field trips, each covering a 24‐h cycle with six sampling intervals. A greater abundance of fish was found in the tailrace during the wet season, mainly explained by total discharge. More fish were detected by hydroacoustics and gill nets during night sampling. Siluriformes, which are known to exhibit nocturnal habits, were the predominant species in both dry and wet seasons. Thus, damaging operational procedures for fish should be planned in the dry season, low‐abundance period. 相似文献
6.
Hugo de Oliveira Barbosa Pedro Paulino Borges Renato Bolson Dala‐Corte Patrick Thomaz de Aquino Martins Fabrício Barreto Teresa 《Fisheries Management and Ecology》2019,26(2):119-130
Understanding variability in the composition of aquatic assemblages requires a multiscale perspective, since processes operating at different spatial scales (from regional to local) drive the community assembly. Here, the relative importance of environmental variables on fish species composition in streams of the Brazilian savanna (Cerrado) is assessed and quantified at local and landscape scales. The importance of both local and landscape environmental variables in structuring fish assemblages was supported. Local variables explained a substantially higher amount of variance of fish assemblages than landscape variables. However, the shared explanation indicate that landscape variables had a complementary effect. The streams sampled were mostly headwaters at similar altitudes and with similar watershed sizes, so the sensitivity of the fish assemblages, even to small landscape gradients, is highlighted. Maintaining these important instream habitat characteristics close to natural conditions seems to be essential for conserving stream fish species, and for this, the landscape context should be taken into account. Considering the near‐pristine condition of the streams studied, these findings can be used as a reference for further studies addressing the effects of human modifications on stream fish biodiversity of the Cerrado. 相似文献
7.
During the last 25 years (1973–1998), changes in the quantitative and qualitative composition of the Adriatic ichthyofauna have been noted. The numbers of thermophilic species have increased; several species, previously scarce or rare, have become more abundant, while others are new records. There are also some examples of the disappearance or increasing scarcity of some species. These observations can be related to oceanographic changes in the Adriatic Sea. 相似文献
8.
Andr Batista Nobile Diogo Freitas‐Souza Felipe Pontieri Lima Jamile Queiroz Isabelle Leite Bayona‐Perez Edmir Daniel Carvalho Igor Paiva Ramos 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2019,28(4):563-572
River damming alters the physical–chemical variables of water and often causes compartmentalisation of aquatic habitats. Seasonality can add complexity to the longitudinal compartmentalisation. The spatial and temporal effects of these two phenomena on the structure of ichthyofauna from a tributary under the influence of damming were evaluated, based on the following hypotheses: (1) transition habitats have the greatest species richness; (2) community similarity decreases with increasing distance between sites; (3) conservation of free‐flowing areas upstream reservoir contributes to the maintenance of migratory species. To evaluate the effects of these two phenomena, twelve monthly fish samples (September/12 to August/13) were performed with gillnets in three sample areas distributed longitudinally in the tributary. Limnological variables were measured in the same sample areas to confirm compartmentalisation. We observed three distinct limnological compartments (lotic, transition and lentic), with increase differentiation during the rainy season. This compartmentalisation influenced fish fauna where localised communities exhibited different compositions among the three sampled habitats. During the rainy season, these differences become pronounced, with transition habitat showing greater species richness than the others. More pronounced differences in species composition and structure in extremes sampling sites were also observed. Migratory fish presented higher proportion of fish composition in lotic habitat. In conclusion, damming and seasonality acted concomitantly as modulators of fish fauna in a tributary influenced by damming. However, compartmentalisation of habitats was the primary driver of ichthyofauna community structure with the rainy season increasing differences in community composition. 相似文献
9.
绥芬河鱼类区系组成研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
绥芬河是我国注入北太平洋日本海的第二条水系。由于该水系地处寒温带,气候、地理环境和生态条件特殊,因而蕴藏着丰富的冷水性鱼类、溯河性洄游鱼类种质资源,仅大麻哈鱼类就有3种,每年5～10月回归溯河洄游:鲤科溯河性洄游鱼类有三块鱼、珠星三块鱼等,呈现出北太平洋日本海水系鱼类区系的特色,成为我国名贵珍稀经济鱼类地理分布的重要水域。在鱼类区系组成上,它与相邻的水域有着很大的差异,在我国北方水域鱼类演替和区系划分上有着重要的意义。关于绥芬河鱼类区系,国内外学者都进行过研究。笔者在2005～2006年采集了大量的鱼类标本,整理和增补了10种鱼类,对绥芬河鱼类区系作了初步的概述,为我国北方水域鱼类演替、区系区划研究、开发利用及资源保护提供了科学的依据。 相似文献
10.
于2007年2月至2008年1月对八仙山自然保护区鱼类区系和多样性进行了调查。共采集、、鱼类标本213号,经鉴定为7种,隶属2目、3科、7属。鱼类种类不多,但区系构成复杂,以北方平原复合体和古代新第三纪复合体为主。多样性分析的结果表明,鱼类多样性存在空间差异,与水生植物和底质的差异相关。 相似文献