Adverse impact of industrial animal agriculture on the health and welfare of farmed animals     

Joyce D'SILVA 《Integrative zoology》2006,1(1):53-58

Industrial animal agriculture is grounded in the concept of maximizing productivity and profit. Selective breeding for maximum productivity in one characteristic of the animal (e.g. milk yield in cows, or breast meat in broiler chickens) has resulted in genotypes and phenotypes that may predispose the animals to poor health and welfare. The conditions in which these individuals are kept may also frustrate many inherited behaviors that they are strongly motivated to perform. In order to curb the resulting harmful aberrant behaviors, such as feather‐pecking in chickens, we sometimes resort to mutilating the animals. In many places chickens are routinely de‐beaked by means of a hot metal guillotine. Compassion in World Farming (an international organization that promotes the humane treatment of farm animals) believes that it is unethical to treat sentient beings in such ways. We have a duty to respect farm animals' sentience by providing them with housing conditions that take their needs and wants into account, and by reverting to the use of dual‐purpose, slower‐growing breeds that have the potential for good welfare. Alternatives to current farming practices are available, and we owe it to the animals, and to our consciences, to pursue them.  相似文献   

杂交条纹鲈苗种小水泥池培育技术试验     

田功太段登选  曹振杰马荣棣  陈述江孙栋 陈金萍 《齐鲁渔业》2004,21(7):1-3

用地上露天小水泥池8个．进行杂交条纹鲈苗种培育试验．放养313龄水花30000尾．通过天然饵料、藻粉投喂以及适当水质管理措施．经32天培育，共培育3．5～4．6cm体长的鱼种4336尾．最高成活率为19．1％，最低为6％，平均为14．5％。  相似文献   

雨洪利用工程在农村建设中的应用     

陈倩  康璇  王秀茹  王希 《黑龙江农业科学》2011,(8):132-135

随着经济的快速发展,水资源短缺矛盾日益突出,通过对国内外雨洪利用情况进行介绍,着重阐述了坑塘雨洪利用工程及沟道雨洪利用工程,并以房山雨洪利用工程为例,详细介绍了2种工程的设计方法、内容和工艺。  相似文献   

人工养殖麦穗鱼的生长特性     

姜虎成  夏爱军  张明生  史杨白  马小荣  陈校辉 《中国农学通报》2017,33(35):137-140

分析麦穗鱼(Pseudorasbora parva)在人工养殖条件下的生长特性，为麦穗鱼养殖提供参考依据。2016年3—11月，于室外水泥池中开展了麦穗鱼养殖试验，分别测量其体重、体长及全长指标，进行生长特性分析。经180天的养殖，麦穗鱼平均全长达到3.96cm，平均体长达到3.23 cm，平均体重达到0.49g。特定生长率、日均增量和肥满度均受水温影响变化明显。体长(LB)与全长(LT)之间存在线性回归关系：LT=1.0589LB 0.767 (R2=0.8628)，体长与体重(W)的回归方程为：W=0.0466LB2.1623 (R2=0.8306)。麦穗鱼体长的变异系数范围为6%~14%，体重的变异系数范围为20%~41%，肥满度在1.45~5.31之间变动。麦穗鱼在室外水泥池中生长效果良好，适宜进行规模化人工养殖。  相似文献   

阿克苏地区经济发展与建设用地集约利用耦合研究     

郭焕焕  高敏华 《湖北农业科学》2016,(21):5719-5723

以阿克苏地区的经济发展与建设用地集约利用的两个子系统为研究对象,基于二者与社会协同理论,同时运用熵值法、统计分析、系统评价和耦合模型等方法对其进行研究。建立阿克苏地区经济发展与建设用地耦合模型,然后对耦合关系进行探讨,揭示经济发展与建设用地集约利用的关系。研究结果表明,阿克苏地区经济发展和建设用地集约利用水平都较低;经济发展—建设用地集约利用系统中两子系统在反正切函数模型中的协调性越来越差;两子系统在经济和建设用地集约利用水平较低时高度耦合,阿克苏地区的经济水平较建设用地集约利用水平快速发展,建设用地集约水平急需改善。  相似文献   

Effect of cultivation time on soil heavy metal accumulation and bioavailability in Phyllostachys praecox stands     

Renyi GUI  Yuyan HU  Qiang LI  Shunyao ZHUANG 《土壤圈》2020,30(6):810-816

Phyllostachys praecox is a bamboo species cultivated for edible shoots under intensive management. However, the potential pollution risk of heavy metals in bamboo soils is not clear under the intensive management for a long term. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of cultivation time on soil heavy metal accumulation and bioavailability in bamboo stands subjected to intensive management. Soil samples were collected from a chronosequence of bamboo stands which had been cultivated for 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 10 years in Lin''an, Zhejiang Province of China. Eight heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Ni, Cr, Cd, As, and Hg) present in the soil were selected, and their potential pollution risk was evaluated by chemical speciation analysis. Possible heavy metal sources were explored using multivariate and cluster analysis. Our results showed that Zn, Cu, Hg, and Cd contents in the soil increased with the cultivation time, while Ni, Cr, Pb, and As levels were similar among all stands. Furthermore, the bioavailabilities of all analyzed heavy metals increased with the cultivation time. Multivariate and cluster analysis showed that sources of Ni, Cr, Pb, and As were likely lithogenic in origin, whereas input of Zn, Cu, Hg, and Cd was mainly due to cultivation practices. Current bamboo management strategies raised the potential risks of heavy metal pollution in bamboo shoots in the long term. Soil acidification in P. praecox stands induced by intensive cultivation should be controlled since it stimulated and improved the bioavailability of heavy metals. Appropriate management strategies should thus be adopted to ensure safe and sustainable production of bamboo shoots.  相似文献   

山西省高速公路集约用地评价     

马耘秀 《山西农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2014,(1):34-38

对高速公路用地进行集约用地评价,可以为未来区域土地利用提供决策依据。从高速公路的用地结构、用地功能和与外部因素的协调性出发,对山西高速公路建设用地的集约利用程度作出评价。结果表明:2001~2010年,山西省高速公路用地数量有所增长,其结构不断调整,功能不断增强,与人口、社会经济的协调性也不断加强,集约度不断提高。未来10年,山西省高速公路将迅速发展,必须加大集约利用力度,以尽可能少的用地满足人类社会发展对公路交通运输的需求。  相似文献   

Soil available potassium affected by rice straw incorporation and potassium fertilizer application under a rice–oilseed rape rotation system     

Dandan Zhu  Jianglin Zhang  Zheng Wang  Rizwan Khan Muhammad  Jianwei Lu  Xiaokun Li 《Soil Use and Management》2019,35(3):503-510

Data from 147 field trials were collected to study the influence of straw incorporation on soil potassium (K) under an intensive rice–oilseed rape rotation system, while pot experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of rice straw incorporation on soil K availability. A significant correlation was observed between the soil available K and the relative yield (RRY) and the relative K uptake (RKU) of oilseed rape, with R² values ranging from 0.07 to 0.08 and from 0.10 to 0.11, respectively, when data were fitted to a logarithmic equation model. In approximately 30% of trials, RRY reached 90%, while soil test available K values were below the critical limit, indicating that soil K values at the time of sampling (within 1 week of rice harvest) underestimated the actual soil K supply capacity. The pot experiment results showed that soil available K was affected by straw incorporation and soil type in the fallow period. The NH₄OAc‐K and NaBPh₄‐K concentrations of soils increased at first, and then, plateaued after 28 days. Straw incorporation significantly influenced the critical soil K concentration, which is important for making accurate K fertilizer recommendation. These results suggested that straw K should be seriously considered in making K fertilizer recommendations. Extending the sampling time from 1 to 3 weeks after the harvesting of rice to stabilize the effects of straw incorporation may help achieve a more accurate evaluation of soil available K.  相似文献   

黄河三角洲台田间渗水池塘的水质变动规律分析     

王艳妮  王仁杰  姜令绪  李玉全  宋希云 《青岛农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2011,(4):293-295

以黄河三角洲地区台田间渗水池塘为研究对象,分析了渗水池塘的水质因子变动规律。结果表明:不同池塘间水质因子差异较大,但均表现出水体盐度较高、氮磷等营养物质含量较低、K+离子含量相对较低、Ca2+离子和Na+离子含量相对较高及K+/Na+显著低于正常海水等特点。结果说明,黄河三角洲地区台田间渗水池塘的水质条件不适合直接进行水产养殖,应对水质调整后才可做养殖之用。  相似文献   

提升犊牛日增重的方法研究     

吴赫云  解玲娜  郑玺 《中国乳业》2021,(8):52-55

犊牛阶段的生长状况对牛只的生产性能具有重要影响,为提高牧场效益,牧场越来越追求犊牛阶段生长的最大化。通过饲喂代乳粉达到犊牛断奶前1.0 kg日增重,对牛只生产性能的提升具有重要意义。本文主要介绍增加犊牛日增重对牛只生产性能的积极影响,同时根据荷兰Schils的试验对代乳粉的选择和饲喂流程提出建议,以期对牧场合理使用代乳粉,实现犊牛阶段生长最大化提供参考。  相似文献