硝酸稀土在优良牧草生产中的应用研究     

郭孝 《四川草原》2004,(1):38-40

稀土是牧草生产中一种重要的生长促进剂,在一定的有效浓度范围内对种子萌发、植株生长以及豆科牧草根瘤发育有明显的促进效果。通过以硝酸稀土(纯度为38％)为试验材料的研究表明,在河南省自然气候条件下,对禾草有效的稀土浓度为500 mg/kg,平均增产幅度为8.5％;对豆科牧草有效的稀土浓度为500-600mg/kg,平均增产幅度为8.8％,施用方法以浸种法最佳。  相似文献   

天山北坡中山带野生牧草种质资源评价     

郑子英 《草业科学》1995,12(4):2-4

通过对新疆３８野生种牧草种植试验，证明许多野生牧草不但在产量、质量上高于栽培牧草，在抗逆性能方面也为许多载培牧草所莫及，对建设新疆中山带的优质人工草地具有重要意义。  相似文献   

优良豆科牧草--东方山羊豆的研究与利用   总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11  

沈禹颖  张自和  谢田玲 《草业学报》2003,12(6):105-109

开发新豆科牧草资源不仅是改善饲草料品质，提高草地畜牧业生产力的基础，还可为我国实施退耕还林还草，恢复生态环境建设的战略部署提供草本植物物种。东方山羊豆是自1980年后，在前苏联、北欧等国家得到重视的一种新兴豆科牧草，它具有产量高，植株蛋白质含量高，生态适应性强，草地持续稳定性好的特点。本文综述了国内外对该草种的产量及饲用价值评定，回顾了影响山羊豆草地建植和生长的因素，提出了在我国西北地区开展东方山羊豆研究和利用推广的潜力和前景。  相似文献   

Evaluation of Wheat (Triticum aestivum) and Legume Intercropping Under 1:1 and 2:1 Row-replacement Series System     

P. Banik 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1996,176(5):289-294

A field experiment was conducted during the winter season of 1992–93 and 1993–94 at Agricultural Experimental Farm, Giridih, Bihar to evaluate the intercropping systems of legumes, gram ( Cicer arietinum L.), pea ( Pisum sativum ) and lentil ( Lens culinaris ) with wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) in 1:1 and 2:1 'row replacement series'. Intercropping systems were assessed on the basis of new indices termed as actual yield loss (AYL) and intercropping advantage (IA). This paper highlights the comparative effectiveness of evaluating the intercropping systems through the existing intercropping indices like LER, RCC, aggressivity. The indices AYL and IA seem to be more appropriate particularly when per plant yield is considered. Intercropping reduced the yield of component crops compared with respective pure stands. Wheat + pea in 1:1 row replacement series gave the highest wheat yield equivalent value (3.02 t ha⁻¹) followed by wheat + lentil (2.91 tha⁻¹). When the actual sown proportion was considered wheat + lentil (1:1) resulted in maximum AYL (+0.610) and IA (+0.279) values. This treatment also gave the maximum monetary advantage (Rs 5985.45 ha⁻¹).  相似文献   

Host status and reaction of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Medicago truncatula</Emphasis> accessions to infection by three major pathogens of pea (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Pisum sativum</Emphasis>) and alfalfa (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Medicago sativa</Emphasis>)     

Anne Moussart  Caroline Onfroy  Angelique Lesne  Magali Esquibet  Eric Grenier  Bernard Tivoli 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2007,117(1):57-69

Ditylenchus dipsaci, the stem nematode of alfalfa (Medicago sativa), Mycosphaerella pinodes, cause of Ascochyta blight in pea (Pisum sativum) and Aphanomyces euteiches, cause of pea root rot, result in major yield losses in French alfalfa and pea crops. These diseases are difficult to control and the partial resistances currently available are not effective enough. Medicago truncatula, the barrel medic, is the legume model for genetic studies, which should lead to the identification and characterization of new resistance genes for pathogens. We evaluated a collection of 34 accessions of M. truncatula and nine accessions from three other species (two from M. italica, six from M. littoralis and one from M. polymorpha) for resistance to these three major diseases. We developed screening tests, including standard host references, for each pathogen. Most of the accessions tested were resistant to D. dipsaci, with only three accessions classified as susceptible. A very high level of resistance to M. pinodes was observed among the accessions, none of which was susceptible to this pathogen. Conversely, a high level of variation, from resistant to susceptible accessions, was identified in response to infection by A. euteiches.  相似文献   

Rapid and Synchronous Germination of Cicer Milkvetch (Astragalus cicer L.) Seed following Diurnal Temperature Priming     

Darryl G. Stout 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1998,181(4):263-266

Experiments were conducted to determine if diurnal temperature variation could be used to prime cicer milkvetch ( Astragalus cicer L.) seed and thereby shorten the time for seed germination. For untreated cicer miikvetch seed at constant 20°C, 50% of the seeds germinated in 8.2 days and 90% of the seeds germinated in 10.5 days. In contrast, seed that was first primed for 7 days with a diurnal temperature variation (35 (8h)/5 (16h) °C) had values of 1.9 days and 3.3 days, respectively. A second experiment evaluated priming of seed in bulk to test if a procedure might be developed that could be scaled up to prime commercial quantities of seed. A bulk sample of seed was soaked in water for 5h at room temperature and then kept in a high humidity atmosphere during 7 days of priming at 35/5°C. Hydrated seed from the bulk sample had 50% germination in 2.7 days and 90% germination in 5.3 days. When the bulk sample was dried for 8 days at room temperature, the benefit of priming on shortening germination time was retained. It is likely that diurnal temperature priming could be adapted to large volumes of seed.  相似文献   

贵州尾矿区野生豆科牧草根瘤菌及其抗性测定     

王海瑾  曾庆飞  韦兴迪  王佳楚函  韦鑫  陈超 《草地学报》2022,30(12):3253-3262

为了筛选获得对复合重金属具有耐受能力且能在本地豆科植物根系内定殖共生的抗性根瘤菌,本研究从贵州省内的锰矿区、铅锌矿区采集野生豆科牧草根瘤样品,经分离纯化、菌体形态观察、16S rRNA基因序列比对分析,获得71个根瘤菌保存菌株。系统发育和区系分析结果表明,分离菌株分属7属28种,其中根瘤菌属(Rhizobium)的分布频率高达54.93%,为优势属,木兰根瘤菌(R.indigoferae)的分布频率最高(15.49%),为优势种。选择来自不同尾矿区、不同种类的根瘤菌17株,采用重金属平板法测定各供试菌株对贵州尾矿土分布较多的Pb²⁺,Zn²⁺,Cr⁶⁺,Mn²⁺,Cd²⁺五种重金属的耐受性,结果发现17个菌株对3种或3种以上的重金属都具有不同程度的耐受能力,其中HMZT039-6,HSST042-6,HSST042-1,ZHQT052-1和HXTT050-1对5种重金属离子均有耐受能力,为筛选出的最优抗性根瘤菌株。本研究结果可为本地区土壤重金属污染的修复治理提供共生微生物资源。  相似文献   

Grazing and fertilizer management for establishment of Lotus uliginosus and Trifolium subterraneum under Pinus radiata in southern Chile     

O. A. Balocchi  C. J. C. Phillips 《Agroforestry Systems》1997,37(1):1-14

An experiment was conducted in southern Chile to study the effect of tree cover (0 or 200 stems of 13-year-old Pinus radiate/ha), grazing severity (8 or 12 cm height at commencement of grazing by sheep) and fertilizer application rate (low or high) on the establishment and growth of Lotus uliginosus and Trifolium subterraneum, when sown in conjunction with Festuca arundinacea. The establishment of both legumes was greater in the agroforestry than the open field, and the percentage of viable seeds that were established was greater for Trifolium than Lotus. Festuca established better when sown in conjunction with Lotus in the open field. During the two years after stand establishment there was a greater reduction in the ground cover and dry matter (DM) yield of both legumes, but in particular Trifolium, in the agroforestry than in the open field. In the second year of grazing Trifolium contributed less than 9% of total DM yield in the agroforestry, compared with 22% for Lotus. The ground cover of Lotus was increased by a tall grazing height in the agroforestry, whereas Trifolium increased its cover when the grazing height was short. Additional fertilizer at establishment had a greater effect in increasing herbage yield in the open field than in agroforestry. It is concluded that both Lotus and Trifolium establishments are greater in agroforestry than in an open field, but that in agroforestry there is a reduction in legume yield over time, particularly of Trifolium. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Methane emissions and δ13C composition from beef steers consuming increasing proportions of sericea lespedeza hay on bermudagrass hay diets     

Flavia O S van Cleef  Jos C B Dubeux  Jr.  Harley D Naumann  Erick R S Santos  Lynn E Sollenberger  Joo M B Vendramini  Martin Ruiz-Moreno  Francine M Ciriaco  Nicolas DiLorenzo 《Journal of animal science》2021,99(8)

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different proportions of ‘Au Grazer’ sericea lespedeza [SL, Lespedeza cuneata (Dum. Cours.) G. Don], a legume rich in condensed tannins (CT), on nutrient intake and digestibility, and to estimate methane (CH₄) emissions and ¹³C isotopic composition (δ¹³C_CH4) from beef steers consuming a forage-based diet. Twenty-five Angus-crossbred steers were distributed in a randomized complete block design (344 ± 48 kg initial BW), and randomly assigned to one of five treatments: 0SL, 25SL, 50SL, 75SL, and 100SL, diets containing 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of SL hay, respectively, mixed with ‘Tifton-85’ bermudagrass hay (Cynodon spp.). The study was carried out for two experimental periods of 21-d each. The statistical model included the fixed effect of treatment and random effects of block, experimental period, and their interaction. Apparent total tract digestibility of crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber was linearly decreased (P < 0.001) by the inclusion of SL. No effects were observed for total CH₄ emissions per day, nor for CH₄ relative to organic matter intake or digestible organic matter with the inclusion of SL. However, emission of CH₄ in relation to intake of CT was affected by treatment (P < 0.001). A linear (P < 0.001) decrease and a quadratic effect (P < 0.001) were observed for δ¹³C of diets and gas, respectively, in which diets and enteric CH₄ with greater inclusion of SL were more depleted in ¹³C. Moreover, the difference in δ¹³C between diets and gas (Δδ¹³C) had a linear decrease (P = 0.001) with the inclusion of SL. The model developed to predict the C₃ proportions in the enteric CH₄ fitted to predicted values (P < 0.0001). Therefore, greater proportions of SL resulted in lesser CH₄ emission when CT intake was considered and the isotopic composition from enteric CH₄ was able to predict the contribution of SL in the emissions.  相似文献   

豆科植物结瘤自调控分子机制研究进展     

张雪  邱丽娟  阎哲 《土壤与作物》2022,(1):1-9

豆科植物通过与土壤中的根瘤菌共生发育形成根瘤,在根瘤中根瘤菌可以将空气中氮气转化成植物可以直接利用的铵态氮.共生过程中为了平衡氮素的摄取和能量的损耗,豆科植物形成了地上与地下信号交互的结瘤自调控机制(Auto-regulation of nodulation,AON),进而调节结瘤的数量.本文综述了AON分子调控机制近...  相似文献