紫花苜蓿形态和生理指标响应干旱胁迫的品种特异性     

臧真凤  白婕  刘丛  昝看卓  龙明秀  何树斌 《草业学报》2021,30(6):73-81

为研究紫花苜蓿在叶片和根系水平上响应干旱胁迫的形态和生理的品种特异性规律,在温室内分析了干旱胁迫下WL363HQ和巨能7紫花苜蓿株高、分枝数、生物量及叶片和根系中丙二醛（MDA）、脯氨酸、抗氧化酶类物质、C、N含量、C/N、稳定性C同位素（δ¹³C）和稳定性N同位素（δ¹⁵N）。结果表明：干旱胁迫显著降低了供试品种地上部分和根系的干重及分枝数（P<0.05）。干旱胁迫显著降低了巨能7的株高（P<0.05）,但增加了巨能7的根冠比,而WL363HQ的结果与之相反,这说明干旱胁迫下供试品种的株高和根冠比具有品种特异性的规律。干旱胁迫增加了WL363HQ和巨能7叶片和根系中MDA和脯氨酸的含量及抗氧化酶物质的活性,且在器官水平也具有品种特异性规律。干旱胁迫下巨能7叶片的MDA含量显著增加（P<0.05）,而在WL363HQ根系中的MDA含量也显著增加（P<0.05）。干旱胁迫下WL363HQ叶片脯氨酸含量、POD和SOD活性,及根系SOD的活性均显著增加（P<0.05）,而巨能7仅叶片SOD活性,根系脯氨酸含量、POD活性显著升高（P<0.05）。尽管干旱胁迫对供试品种叶片和根系C、N含量无显著影响（P>0.05）,但干旱胁迫显著提高了WL363HQ和巨能7紫花苜蓿根系的δ¹³C（P<0.05）,且WL363HQ叶片的δ¹⁵N均显著高于巨能7（P<0.05）。此外,干旱胁迫均显著提高了巨能7叶片和根系的C/N（P<0.05）。干旱胁迫下供试品种C、N代谢参数并没有在叶片和根系中表现出较为明显的品种特异性规律,深层次的机制还有待进一步研究。本研究结果将为进一步掌握紫花苜蓿叶片和根系协同抗旱机制及抗旱丰产紫花苜蓿新品种的选育提供理论依据。  相似文献   

“葫芦克星”对恶性杂草水葫芦的几个生理指标的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郑雪芳  刘建  张秋芳  陈璐  马丽娜  杜文琴 《农业环境科学学报》2007,26(2):795-797

采用盆栽试验方法,研究了“葫芦克星”对水葫芦几个生理指标的影响,探讨“葫芦克星”控制恶性杂草水葫芦的机制。研究结果表明,喷施“葫芦克星”后,水葫芦叶片的过氧化物酶（POD）活性、多酚氧化酶（PPO）活性和丙二醛（MDA）含量与水葫芦的胁迫反应是相关的。喷药后,水葫芦叶片POD活性一直处于下降趋势且比清水对照POD活性低,而PPO活性和MDA含量则是先上升后下降且比清水对照高。  相似文献   

Phenotypic characterisation of Phaeoacremonium and Phaeomoniella strains isolated from grapevines: enzyme production and virulence of extra-cellular filtrate on grapevine calluses     

Conceição Santos  Sílvia Fragoeiro  Helena Valentim  Alan Phillips 《Scientia Horticulturae》2006

Extra-cellular enzyme production of different Phaeoacremonium spp. and Phaemoniella chlamydospora isolates were used to assay the possibility of inter-specific characterisation. Isolates of Phaeoacremonium aleophilum, Phaeoacremonium angustius, P. viticola and Ph. chlamydospora were grown on solid media and the activities of extra-cellular amylases, lipases, proteases, cellulases, xylanases, laccase, polygalacturonase, pectate lyase, lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase, urease and chitinase were assayed. Phaeoacremonium species showed activities of a larger number of enzymes and also enzyme activity was frequently higher suggesting that Phaeoacremonium can be more virulent. To assay if the produced extra-cellular enzymes could reflect the virulence capacity of the two genera, calluses of Vitis vinifera L. (cvs. Baga and Maria Gomes) and of a rootstock (R3309) were inoculated with filtrated culture liquid medium of three isolates of Ph. chlamydospora and one of P. angustius. Filtrates from all strains decreased callus growth and membrane integrity, while soluble protein content of calluses decreased with the strains CAP 054 and 1AS. P. angustius (CAP 054) induced the more severe symptoms in all genotypes. Water content decreased together with an increase of osmolality in both cultivars but not in rootstock suggesting that osmorregulatory capacity is more affected in cultivars. Data show that: (1) Phaeoacremonium and Phaeomoniella genera have different patterns of extra- cellular enzymatic production; (2) these fungi produce extra-cellular compound(s) that induce(s) senescence symptoms in plant cells inhibiting callus proliferation; (3) among the strains tested in plant calluses the most virulent isolate (CAP 054) also produced higher amounts of some extra-cellular enzymes; (5) rootstock calluses were less sensitive to inoculation than grapevine calluses.  相似文献   

MDV对雏鸡血浆MDA含量与SOD活性的影响     

殷定忠  王正朝  蔡治华  张训海  石放雄 《动物医学进展》2007,28(5):20-22

为探讨丙二醛(MDA)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)在雏鸡马立克病(MD)发病过程中的作用,研究了雏鸡在人工攻毒后血浆MDA含量与SOD活性的动态变化.结果表明,攻毒组接种马立克病病毒(MDV)后第14天,血浆中MDA的含量显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),第7天和第28天高于对照组,第56天时基本接近;血浆中SOD活性在第7天时对照组显著高于攻毒组(P＜0.05),第14天和第28天高于攻毒组,但差异不显著.表明雏鸡在感染MDV后血浆中MDA含量显著升高,SOD活性明显降低,对雏鸡MD的发病诊断有重要的指导作用.  相似文献   

Changes in antioxidative system and membrane damage of lettuce in response to salinity and boron toxicity     

F. Eraslan  A. InalO. Savasturk  A. Gunes 《Scientia Horticulturae》2007

Individual and combined effects of salinity and B toxicity on growth, the major antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT; ascorbate peroxidase, APX) activities, ascorbic acid, proline, and H₂O₂ accumulation, and stomatal resistance (SR), malondialdehyde (MDA), membrane permeability (MP) and the concentrations of sodium (Na), chloride (Cl) and boron (B) of lettuce were investigated. Boron toxicity and salinity reduced growth of lettuce plants. Under B toxicity, B concentration of the plants was increased, but in the presence of NaCl, the concentration of B was significantly reduced. Sodium and Cl concentrations were increased in B + NaCl and NaCl treatments. Membrane damage was more pronounced in NaCl and B + NaCl treatments. Stomatal resistance of the plants was significantly increased by salinity treatments. The accumulation of proline and ascorbic acid was the highest in the B + NaCl treatment. In general, stress conditions significantly increased H₂O₂ and antioxidant enzyme (SOD, CAT and APX) activities. The present results indicate that stomatal closure is an important response of lettuce against NaCl and B + NaCl stress. Furthermore NaCl and B + NaCl toxicity-induced oxidative stress in lettuce resulting in lipid peroxidation and membrane damage. Increased antioxidant enzyme activities and also accumulation of ascorbic acid and proline are involved in order to overcome B- and NaCl-induced oxidative stress.  相似文献   

The effect of different concentrations of linseed oil or fish oil in the maternal diet on the fatty acid composition and oxidative status of sows and piglets          下载免费PDF全文

S. Tanghe  J. Missotten  K. Raes  S. De Smet 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2015,99(5):938-949

N‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are essential for foetal development. Hence, including n‐3 PUFA in the sow diet can be beneficial for reproduction. Both the amount and form (precursor fatty acids vs. long chain PUFA) of supplementation are important in this respect. Furthermore, including n‐3 PUFA in the diet can have negative effects, such as decreased arachidonic acid (ARA) concentration and increased oxidative stress. This study aimed to compare the efficacy to increase eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) concentrations in the piglet, when different concentrations of linseed oil (LO, source of precursor α‐linolenic acid) or fish oil (FO, source of EPA and DHA) were included in the maternal diet. Sows were fed a palm oil diet or a diet including 0.5% or 2% LO or FO from day 45 of gestation until weaning. Linoleic acid (LA) was kept constant in the diets to prevent a decrease in ARA, and all diets were supplemented with α‐tocopherol acetate (150 mg/kg) and organic selenium (0.4 mg/kg) to prevent oxidative stress. Feeding 0.5% LO or 0.5% FO to the sows resulted in comparable EPA concentrations in the 5‐day old piglet liver, but both diets resulted in lower EPA concentrations than when 2% LO was fed. The highest EPA concentration was obtained when 2% FO was fed. The DHA level in the piglet liver could only be increased when FO, but not LO, was fed to the sows. The 2% FO diet had no advantage over the 0.5% FO diet to increase DHA in the piglet. Despite the constant LA concentration in the sow diet, a decrease in ARA could not be avoided when LO or FO were included in the diet. Feeding 2% FO to the sows increased the malondialdehyde concentration (marker for lipid peroxidation) in sow plasma, but not in piglets.  相似文献   

Predictive models of drought tolerance indices based on physiological,morphological and biochemical markers for the selection of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) varieties          下载免费PDF全文

Yeison M QUEVEDO  Liz P MORENO  Eduardo BARRAGÁN 《农业科学学报》2022,21(5):1310-1320

The use of tolerant crop varieties is a strategy that mitigates the water deficit effect in a sustainable way. The generation of these varieties is more efficient when variables associated with this tolerance have been identified, since they can facilitate the breeding processes. This study aimed to establish the relationships between water deficit tolerance of four cotton varieties (Nevada-123, Oasis-129, Guatapuri, and Festivalle) and morphological variables (monopodial branches, boll weight, root/shoot ratio, and leaf and root dry matter), physiological variables (relative water content, net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, electron transport rate, photochemical quenching, photochemical efficiency of PSII, chlorophyll a/b ratio (Chl a/b), C¹²/C¹³ isotope ratio, and electrolyte leakage), and biochemical variables (contents of sugars, proline, carotenoids, and malondialdehyde). Furthermore, calibrated predictive models of the drought tolerance indices were developed based on the key variables identified. For this purpose, a pot experiment was established where plants were subjected to a moderate or severe water deficit during the blooming stage for 12 days. The stress tolerance index (STI) and mean productivity (MP) were calculated. For the evaluated variables, the differences between well-watered and water deficit plants (Δ) were calculated and ANOVA, partial least squares, Pearson's correlation, and multiple linear regression analyzes were performed. A model was generated that explained 95% of the STI and was composed of Δmalondialdehyde, Δproline, and Δboll weight. For MP, the model was comprised of Δstomatal conductance, Δroot/shoot ratio, and ΔChl a/b, and explained 89% of the MP. The analysis of the assessed variables allowed the identification of key variables and the development of calibrated predictive models that can be used in screening to obtain cotton varieties with different levels of water deficit tolerance.  相似文献   

奶水牛乳汁体细胞数与抗氧化指标的相关性分析     

杜玉兰  邓慧芳  黄云飞  杜向宏  骆燕静  何宝祥 《广西农业科学》2014,(5):882-886

[目的]了解奶水牛乳汁体细胞计数（SCC）与抗氧化指标之间的相关性,为乳汁质量监控和奶水牛健康养殖提供科学依据.[方法]随机选取南宁某牛场奶水牛139头,同步采集乳样与血样,乳汁SCC采用FOSS体细胞仪测定,血浆和乳清的总抗氧化能力（TAC）采用FRAP法（血浆铁还原力法）测定,丙二醛（MDA）含量采用TBA法（硫酸巴比妥法）测定.[结果]被检的139头奶水牛中,乳汁SCC≥50.00万/mL（隐性乳房炎诊断标准）的样本占被检总数的12.23％,乳汁SCC＜50.00万/mL的样本占被检总数的87.77％;奶水牛血浆和乳清的TAC分别为2.44±1.04和3.78±1.68 U/mL,MDA含量分别为2.07±0.48和1.55±0.52 nmol/mL,其差异均达极显著水平（P＜0.01）.乳清TAC随乳汁SCC的升高而呈下降趋势,二者间呈显著负相关（r=-0.168,P＜0.05）;血浆MDA与乳清MDA间呈显著正相关（r=0.189,P＜0.05）,而血浆MDA与血浆TAC（r=0.391）、乳清MDA与血浆TAC（r=0.315）间呈极显著正相关（P＜0.01）.[结论]乳清TAC可作为检测奶水牛乳房健康及其乳汁质量的备选指标.  相似文献   

氯胁迫对幼龄茶树叶绿素含量及抗氧化系统的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李春雷 《河南农业科学》2014,(9)

为探讨氯胁迫对茶树的伤害机制,为幼龄茶园合理施用氯肥提供科学的理论依据,以1年生龙井43茶苗为材料,采用水培法研究了不同浓度氯离子对茶树叶片叶绿素含量、抗氧化系统的影响。结果表明：随着氯离子浓度的升高,叶绿素a、叶绿素b和总叶绿素含量均显著降低,在氯浓度为100 mmol/L时,分别比CK（0 mmol/L）下降了36.2％、22.7％、33.1％;SOD、POD活性均表现为先升高后降低,在氯离子浓度为40 mmol/L时达到最大值,比 CK 分别升高10.8％和9.2％;CAT活性持续下降,最大降幅为45.4％;脯氨酸含量、过氧化氢含量及丙二醛含量均显著升高。这说明高浓度氯离子对细胞质膜系统及细胞器结构和功能产生了破坏,而在低浓度氯离子（20 mmol/L）胁迫下MDA含量与CK差异不显著,说明低浓度氯未对茶树造成伤害。因此,对于幼龄茶园冲施氯肥以氯离子浓度不超过20 mmol/L为宜。  相似文献   

广西花生品种（系）苗期生长耐旱性及相关生理特性研究     

唐秀梅  陈元  钟瑞春  蒋菁  熊发前  贺梁琼  韩柱强  唐荣华 《广东农业科学》2014,41(14):9-13

花生苗期生长受干旱影响最大,且干旱是广西花生生产上重要的限制因素。选择广西主推及新育成的花生品种（系）共11个,在人工防雨棚下进行土培盆栽试验,以正常淋水（2d供水1次）为对照,以人工控水（10d供水1次）作为干旱胁迫处理,反复干旱胁迫30d时,测定花生苗期的主茎高尧侧枝长、生物量以及叶绿素、可溶性糖、丙二醛尧脯氨酸含量,计算花生苗期生长生理受抑制程度及生长耐旱隶属函数值。结果表明,在干旱胁迫下,各参试花生品种的主茎高、侧枝长和生物量均受到不同程度的抑制,其中桂花819的生长受抑制程度最轻。从各参试品种苗期耐旱隶属函数值排名可知,桂花819的苗期生长耐旱性最强,其次是桂花红166、桂花21和桂花26;大多数品种的叶绿素、可溶性糖、丙二醛尧脯氨酸含量在干旱胁迫下增加,少数花生品种表现出降低趋势,且苗期耐旱品种桂花819的叶绿素和脯氨酸含量比对照的增加量最大,丙二醛和可溶性糖含量增加量也较大。  相似文献