赖氨酸修饰对梯棱羊肚菌黑色素结构和理化特性的影响     

常明昌  曹群珞  刘文婷  许亚萍  徐丽靖  孟俊龙  冯翠萍  程艳芬  耿雪冉 《农业工程学报》2024,40(5):297-306

为了进一步提高梯棱羊肚菌黑色素的提取率及溶解性,本试验采用单因素、Plackett-Burman试验、响应面试验对纤维素酶-超声波协同提取梯棱羊肚菌黑色素的提取工艺进行优化研究。通过赖氨酸修饰,并对修饰前后的梯棱羊肚菌黑色素进行结构表征、理化性质及稳定性研究。结果表明,在NaOH浓度为1.54 mol/L,纤维素酶添加量为20 mg/g,纤维素酶酶解时间为78.6 min,料液比为1:30,酶解温度为40 ℃,超声时间为80 min条件下提取的梯棱羊肚菌黑色素最优。未修饰的梯棱羊肚菌黑色素不溶于水,色价值为480.24,修饰后的黑色素溶解度为1 016 g/L,色价值为1 771.18,比未修饰的黑色素在溶解性、色价值方面均有所提高。此外,在不同的温度、光照、pH条件下,修饰前后的梯棱羊肚菌黑色素均比较稳定。以上研究结果为梯棱羊肚菌黑色素的高效提取及其产品的开发利用奠定了理论基础。  相似文献   

Characterization of an Insoluble and Soluble Form of Melanin Produced by Streptomyces cavourensis SV 21, a Sea Cucumber Associated Bacterium     

Joko Tri Wibowo  Matthias Y. Kellermann  Lars-Erik Petersen  Yustian R. Alfiansah  Colleen Lattyak  Peter J. Schupp 《Marine drugs》2022,20(1)

Melanin is a widely distributed and striking dark-colored pigment produced by countless living organisms. Although a wide range of bioactivities have been recognized, there are still major constraints in using melanin for biotechnological applications such as its fragmentary known chemical structure and its insolubility in inorganic and organic solvents. In this study, a bacterial culture of Streptomyces cavourensis SV 21 produced two distinct forms of melanin: (1) a particulate, insoluble form as well as (2) a rarely observed water-soluble form. The here presented novel, acid-free purification protocol of purified particulate melanin (PPM) and purified dissolved melanin (PDM) represents the basis for an in-depth comparison of their physicochemical and biological properties, which were compared to the traditional acid-based precipitation of melanin (AM) and to a synthetic melanin standard (SM). Our data show that the differences in solubility between PDM and PPM in aqueous solutions may be a result of different adjoining cation species, since the soluble PDM polymer is largely composed of Mg²⁺ ions and the insoluble PPM is dominated by Ca²⁺ ions. Furthermore, AM shared most properties with SM, which is likely attributed to a similar, acid-based production protocol. The here presented gentler approach of purifying melanin facilitates a new perspective of an intact form of soluble and insoluble melanin that is less chemical altered and thus closer to its original biological form.  相似文献   

Kojic acid inhibited melanin synthesis by tyrosinase pathway in Pteria penguin     

Feifei Yu  Xiaoyu Tang  Bingliang Qu  Zhiming Zhong  Wanyu Zhang  Xiangyong Yu 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(4):1584-1591

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Dietary carotenoids and skin melanin content influence the coloration of farmed red porgy (Pagrus pagrus)     

S. CHATZIFOTIS  I. Vaz JUAN  P. KYRIAZI  P. DIVANACH  M. PAVLIDIS 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2011,17(2):e90-e100

The present study investigates the effects of dietary carotenoid sources on the coloration of the red porgy, Pagrus pagrus. Red porgies (131.9 ± 16.2 g; mean ± SD) were fed for 12 weeks on five different diets supplemented with red carotenoids (mainly astaxanthin esters) supplied from Haematococcus pluvialis algae and yellow carotenoids (mainly β‐carotene, lutein, and zeaxanthin) supplied from Alfalfa, Medicago sativa L. and Spirulina, Spirulina pacifica. The carotenoid‐supplemented diets did not have any marked effect on the growth rate, the feed conversion ratio, the daily feeding rate, or the hepatosomatic index of red porgy. The biochemical indices measured in plasma including cholesterol, total proteins, glucose, lactate, phospholipids, non‐esterified fatty acids, triglycerides, and thyroid hormones did not differ significantly among groups. Diet did not affect significantly the melanophore‐area coverage, the melanin skin concentration and skin lightness. Carotenoid‐supplemented diets affected significantly the carotenoid deposition in the skin, the presence and distribution of erythorphores and xanthophores, and skin hue and chroma. Overall, data have shown the efficacy of Haematococcus algae in promoting a reddish coloration in red porgy.  相似文献   

玉米大斑病菌St3HNR基因真核表达载体构建及表达分析     

曹志艳  温雷蕾  李静宜  陈晓旭  王作英  董金皋 《河北农业大学学报》2011,34(3):18-23

本研究在克隆获得玉米大斑病菌1,3,8-三羟基萘还原酶基因(St3HNR)的基础上,拟对该基因编码产物进行异源表达分析,明确基因功能.试验利用毕赤酵母真核表达系统,构建了玉米大斑病菌St3HNR基因的真核表达载体pPIC9K-St3HNR,采用电击转化法将重组质粒转入表达宿主菌GS115中得到了重组酵母菌株,经甲醇诱导...  相似文献   

不同条件对香灰菌菌丝生长及黑色素产生的影响     

罗青  冯宏昌  孙淑静 《北方园艺》2019,(16):130-135

以香灰菌HYP-GT01为试材,通过调节培养基成分、pH和光照强度,研究不同培养条件下菌丝生长及黑色素产量差异,以期发现影响香灰菌菌丝生长和黑色素产生的主要因素。结果表明:香灰菌在完全培养基上菌丝生长速度最快,菌丝致密边缘整齐,产生黑色素且产量最高,达0.42g·L-1;在低氮培养基上菌丝生长较慢,但菌丝浓密,可产生黑色素,达0.34g·L-1。碳源不足菌丝纤细稀疏,且不产黑色素;高无机盐含量和添加吐温20会对菌丝生长产生抑制,可产少量黑色素。在一定pH范围内酸碱度对该菌株菌丝生长及黑色素的产生影响不大。不同光照条件不仅影响菌丝生长速度,还影响黑色素的产生。  相似文献   

动态高压微射流对乌贼墨黑色素物理性质及微观结构的影响     

李萍  陈小娥  方旭波  刘妍  竹琳  余辉  郭健  员立萍 《核农学报》2020,34(5):1002-1011

为改善乌贼墨黑色素在食品中的应用性能,以虎斑乌贼(Sepia pharaonis)墨囊为原材料,采用碱性蛋白酶酶解制备乌贼墨黑色素,研究不同动态高压微射流(DHPM)(0、40、80、120、160、200 MPa)均质对其物理性质的影响,并采用红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜分析其微观结构。结果表明,DHPM处理使乌贼墨黑色素聚集体解聚,浊度增加、平均粒径减小,粒度分布更加集中和细微化,同时改善了其在去离子水和生理盐水中的溶解性;在压力作用下表现为粘度、空间色度值均有所增大;差示扫描量热法(DSC)分析表明,乌贼墨黑色素在120 MPa下热变性温度为90.70℃,焓变值为0.45 J·g^-1,且该压力下其贮藏稳定性最好;红外光谱分析表明,在特定压力处理范围内,DHPM处理使乌贼墨黑色素分子间形成了较强的氢键;扫描电镜观察发现样品颗粒在120 MPa处理后颗粒尺寸最小。因此,DHPM改性技术改善了乌贼墨黑色素的物理性质和微观结构,为其在食品工业中的应用提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

MC1R c.676A>G与山羊皮肤色素沉积的关系及其对黑色素合成的影响     

蒋婧  任航行  周鹏  孙晓燕  李杰  付琳  张丽  刘良佳  王高富 《浙江农业学报》2022,34(12):2629-2639

为探讨山羊MC1R基因c.676A>G突变与山羊皮肤色素沉积的关系,及其对黑色素合成和cAMP信号通路下游色素相关基因表达的影响：一方面采用直接测序法检测酉州乌羊及其杂交后代群体(120个个体)MC1R基因c.676A>G的突变情况,用色差仪测量不同基因型个体的腹部皮肤色度值,分析c.676A>G突变与皮肤色素沉积的关系;另一方面,构建野生型(MC1R c.676A)和突变型(MC1R c.676G)真核表达载体,采用脂质体介导法转染到小鼠皮肤黑色素瘤细胞(B16-F10)中进行过表达,利用酶标仪检测各组细胞黑色素含量的差异,并通过实时荧光定量PCR方法检测各组细胞中cAMP信号通路下游色素相关基因(MITF、TYR、TYRP1、DCT)的表达差异性。结果显示：酉州乌羊及其杂交后代群体中,c.676A>G位点均以GG基因型占优势,不同基因型群体的皮肤色度值差异不显著(P>0.05)。MC1R突变组(MC1R c.676G)细胞中的黑色素含量极显著(P<0.05)高于MC1R野生组(MC1R c.676A)。MITF、TYRP1和DCT基因在MC1R突...  相似文献   

Cyanobacteria Secondary Metabolites as Biotechnological Ingredients in Natural Anti-Aging Cosmetics: Potential to Overcome Hyperpigmentation,Loss of Skin Density and UV Radiation-Deleterious Effects     

Rita Favas  Janaína Morone  Rosrio Martins  Vitor Vasconcelos  Graciliana Lopes 《Marine drugs》2022,20(3)

The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O₂^•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O₂^•− scavenging, (IC₅₀ = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC₂₅ = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC₅₀ = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC₅₀ = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O₂^•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms.  相似文献   

玉米大斑病菌小柱孢酮脱水酶StSCD家族鉴定及其功能分析     

郝玉彬  李海笑  张赛  刘宁  刘英姿  曹志艳  董金皋 《中国农业科学》2022,55(16):3134-3143

【目的】小柱孢酮脱水酶（scytalone dehydratase,SCD）是黑色素合成过程中的关键酶。本文旨在鉴定玉米大斑病菌（Setosphaeria turcica）小柱孢酮脱水酶基因（StSCD）家族,并分析玉米大斑病菌附着胞发育过程中StSCD基因家族表达量差异及SCD抑制剂对黑色素合成的影响,为进一步研究StSCD基因家族在黑色素合成和附着胞发育中的作用打下基础。【方法】利用玉米大斑病菌野生型菌株01-23的全基因组数据,获得StSCD基因家族的全序列,并与玉米小斑病菌（Cochlibolus heterostrophus）、稻瘟病菌（Pyricularia oryzae）、瓜类炭疽病菌（Colletotrichum lagenaria）等真菌的SCD进行序列比对;收集玉米大斑病菌附着胞不同发育时期的材料进行实时荧光定量PCR（qRT-PCR）分析,获得不同时期、不同StSCD的表达量,从而确定与病菌侵染和附着胞黑色素化密切相关的脱水酶基因;使用SCD抑制剂环丙酰菌胺处理玉米大斑病菌,测定菌落生长速度、黑色素合成量、附着胞膨压等,确定StSCD在附着胞发育过程中的作用。【结果】玉米大斑病菌全基因组中共鉴定到4个StSCD,其编码蛋白具有SCD保守结构域及保守的催化及底物结合氨基酸残基。StSCD3与灰葡萄孢（Botrytis cinerea）中功能冗余的SCD2蛋白具有较高同源性,StSCD4与多主棒孢（Corynespora cassiicola）中参与黑色素合成的SCD蛋白具有较高同源性。通过分析玉米大斑病菌生长发育过程中不同时期StSCD的表达量发现,在附着胞时期4个StSCD表达量均上调,其中StSCD3、StSCD4表达量上调尤为显著,附着胞再生菌丝时期StSCD3、StSCD4的表达量均显著下降,并且在附着胞诱导整个时期StSCD4的表达量较高。环丙酰菌胺处理玉米大斑病菌后,黑色素合成受阻,附着胞膨压显著降低。【结论】玉米大斑病菌含有4个StSCD,推测StSCD4参与DHN（1,8-间苯二酚）黑色素的合成,并进而影响附着胞膨压积累。  相似文献