新乡市2016年麦收期2次强对流天气对比分析     

王金兰 《中国农学通报》2017,33(13):94-100

为了研究麦收期间强对流天气的发生发展规律，利用常规观测资料、中尺度分析产品和卫星雷达资料，对新乡市2016年麦收期2次强对流过程进行对比分析。结果表明：6月4日的强对流是由地面辐合线触发的；6月5日的强对流是地面冷空气触发的；上干冷下暖湿的垂直结构是产生强对流天气的有利条件；三体散射和悬垂结构预示有冰雹和雷雨大风；中尺度辐合线、辐合区、逆风区的出现和维持是产生局地强降水的一个比较有用的预报依据；维持较大的垂直液态含水量可产生比较大的降水。由此提炼出不同类型强对流天气的预报预警指标，为农业防灾减灾提供科学参考，最大限度地减轻气象灾害造成的不利影响。  相似文献   

LABORATORY INVESTIGATION OF ESSENTIAL CHARACTERISTICS PARAMETERS FOR THE INDUCED-NOZZLE DEVICE     

Zhang Fenghua Liao Zhenfang 《保鲜与加工》1988,(6)

The standoff of a submerged jet is smaller than a non-submerged jet in general. In order to increase the standoff of a submerged jet, the induced-nozzle device is presented with its inducing mechanism analysed in this paper. Under the various inducing medium, the effect of the ratio d2/d1 upon the device's properties is measured. Some reasonable parameters are given. When d2/d1=2.0, approximate straight region of the curve of the jet center line stagnation pressure varying with the standoff is L/d1= l0~12 for inducing air. The induced-nozzle device is compared with the conventional nozzle for shotting some samples. Several applied possibilities of the device are discussed.  相似文献   

Non-invasive Measurement of the Brain Edema and Hematoma     

XU Zheng  HE Wei  WANG Quan-di 《保鲜与加工》2006,(7):29-32

A new method is introduced to measure the conductivity of brain. This method uses magnetic excitation to induce eddy currents inside the brain matter and measures the magnetic field caused by the induced eddy current. The theoretical basis of this method is analyzed and the measurement system is introduced. The aufhors do the experiment and draw a conclusion that the method provided is feasible.  相似文献   

垂直轴风力机翼型涡流噪声的数值分析     

杨从新  宁健斌  李寿图 《排灌机械工程学报》2021,39(11):1139-1145

为了了解垂直轴风力机翼型涡流噪声特性,以LUT翼型为研究对象,首先利用Fluent进行流场分析,流场计算选用DES湍流模型,再结合Lighthill声类比方法计算翼型周围声场,将数值模拟计算得到的气动特性相关数据与该翼型的风洞试验结果作对比分析,同时分析了不同攻角对该翼型气动噪声特性的影响,最后研究了在攻角为8°时不同雷诺数对该翼型的声压级指向性特征影响.结果表明:数值计算所得气动数据与风动试验数据拟合良好,建立的仿真模型、网格质量和边界条件合理有效;随攻角增加,翼型涡脱落从尾缘向前缘推进,同时涡流脱落强度增大,气动噪声增强;随着雷诺数的增加,翼型四周声压级先增加后减小;雷诺数与声压级关联较大,控制叶片雷诺数有助于降低叶片噪声,为该翼型适用于低噪声垂直轴叶片提供理论基础.  相似文献   

Flow-field observations of a tidally driven island wake used by marine mammals in the Bay of Fundy, Canada     

D. W. JOHNSTON  A. J. READ 《Fisheries Oceanography》2007,16(5):422-435

Correlations between fine‐scale oceanographic features and aggregations of marine mammals are frequently reported, but the physical forces shaping these relationships are rarely explored. We conducted a series of oceanographic observations and remote sensing surveys of an oceanographic feature near Grand Manan Island known to attract marine mammals on flood tides. We tracked drift drogues from cliff‐top with a theodolite and conducted box‐type surveys with an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) to assess flow patterns within the oceanographic feature. The feature was also visualized with Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) scenes. Drift drogues were advected towards a shear line originating near the northern tip of the island and entrained in one or more eddies downstream. ADCP surveys confirmed the presence of the shear line between rapid easterly flow and slower return flow. As the tide progressed, the shear line extended and manifested a single anti‐cyclonic eddy at its distal end. As the flood tide progressed, northerly flow along the eastern shore of the island intensified and deflected the shear line northwards, shedding the eddy at slack high water. SAR images confirmed the presence of the shearline and eddy system, illustrating the evolution of a wake behind the island on flood tides. Profiles of flow direction and acoustic backscatter revealed secondary flows within the wake consistent with models and observations of other wakes. Oceanographic and remote sensing observations confirm that an island wake is generated by tidal flow past Grand Manan Island and provide an ecological context for the predictable aggregations of odontocete and mysticete cetaceans observed foraging within this region.  相似文献   

永磁式涡流缓速器制动性能影响因素敏感性分析     

赵小波  姬长英  赵国柱 《农业机械学报》2009,40(10):18-23

在分析永磁式涡流缓速器制动力矩与结构参数关系的基础上,将均匀设计和回归分析方法引入到永磁式涡流缓速器制动性能影响因素敏感性分析中。以某型号的永磁式涡流缓速器为例,建立了制动力矩随转子鼓内半径、永磁体周向长度、气隙宽度、转子鼓轴向宽度和永磁体高度5个结构参数变化的回归模型,重点讨论了结构参数间交互作用以及各结构参数对制动力矩的影响程度,基于均匀试验设计和制动性能敏感性分析的结果,采用全排列法对结构参数进行了优化。  相似文献   

Evapotranspiration and plant–atmospheric coupling in a Brachiaria brizantha pasture in the Brazilian savannah region     

M. L. Meirelles  A. C. Franco  S. E. M. Farias  R. Bracho 《Grass and Forage Science》2011,66(2):206-213

The savannah of central Brazil occupies 208 million ha, of which about 54 million ha have been converted to cultivated pasture. The aim of this study was to provide the dynamics of evapotranspiration (ET) in a Brachiaria brizantha cultivated pasture in the Brazilian Savannah region at the beginning of the rainy season and determine biological and environmental factors that influence ET by using the decoupling approach. A meteorological station and an eddy covariance system were placed at the studied site. The above‐ground biomass production of the B. brizantha pasture responded rapidly to the onset of the rainy season. Leaf area index (LAI) increased from 0·4 to 1·1 between 15 November and 3 December, with a corresponding increase in live biomass. Average ET during the study period was 2·6 ± 0·9 mm. Daily ET was significantly correlated with maximum vapour pressure deficit and precipitation. The average of daytime decoupling factor obtained over 2 d without rain was 0·50 ± 0·06. The B. brizantha pasture deployed in this region showed an intermediate coupling which takes ET to be influenced by both atmospheric conditions and by the available radiation at the canopy.  相似文献   

不同降水年型黄土高原半干旱撂荒草地水分收支特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

戚超  刘晓  闫艺兰  袁国富 《水土保持研究》2019,(1):106-112

以黄土高原六道沟流域半干旱撂荒草地为研究对象,根据2014—2017年连续观测得到的降水量(P)、蒸散量(ET)、土壤贮水量(S)和植被组成等数据,研究了不同降水年型下撂荒草地的水分收支特征。结果显示:(1)观测前期平水年下0—50cm土层土壤贮水量呈现缓慢下降趋势,以第三年的一场暴雨(109.60mm/d)为分界,后期土壤贮水量总体增加,但波动幅度大增,受蒸散量增加的影响,土壤水分消耗明显;(2)年总蒸散量呈逐年升高的趋势,在平水年下,地表蒸散年际变化主要受气候条件影响,丰水年下,地上生物量的作用明显;(3)水分收支呈现季节性,2—6月为撂荒草地的缺水期,7月—次年1月为丰水期,四年观测结果显示草地处于总体水分亏缺状态(总亏缺165.60mm),存在对深层土壤水(50cm以下)的大量消耗。研究结果表明:撂荒草地水分的持续损失是导致撂荒草地发生演替的重要原因,演替过程中植物深层土壤水的大量消耗可能会导致形成的次生草地土壤水分条件更差,需要加强人为干预措施,防止草地再次退化。  相似文献   

覆膜和露地旱作春玉米生长与蒸散动态比较   总被引：17，自引：7，他引：17  

王罕博  龚道枝  梅旭荣  郝卫平 《农业工程学报》2012,28(22):88-94

利用土壤水分传感器、微型蒸渗仪与涡度相关系统,连续监测覆膜和露地春玉米田土壤水分、蒸发和农田蒸散,分析春玉米田蒸散与土壤蒸发变化规律,探讨了覆膜玉米高产节水增效的机理。结果表明:与露地相比,覆膜的表层土壤温度和体积含水率分别提高4.9%和19.5%。覆膜、露地处理玉米出苗率分别为99.0%和80.0%,其差异为显著水平,覆膜提早春玉米各生育阶段平均为7d,全生育期缩短11d。生育前期、中期,覆膜的叶面积指数、株高和地上、地下干物质均显著高于露地的,播种一个月后差异最大,分别高110.2%、13.5%、42.9%和12.7%。玉米拔节期前(6月前)和8月后至玉米成熟,覆膜的农田蒸散量分别比露地的低6.8%和0.4%,但6-8月覆膜的比露地的高5.1%。全生育期覆膜的农田蒸散量为376.2mm,降低了6.0%,且土壤蒸发降低了57.7%。最终单株平均果穗质量、生物量差异不显著。但是,由于覆膜显著提高了出苗率从而增加了单位面积生物产量和经济产量,增幅分别为23.7%和15.3%。同时,覆膜作物水分利用效率提高了22.6%,达到31.3kg/(hm2·mm)。可见,覆膜能显著降低土壤蒸发和农田总蒸散量;保水增温促出苗,提前玉米各生育期;生育中期日蒸散量和干物质积累速率较高;最终显著提高单位面积生物产量和经济产量以及作物水分利用效率。  相似文献   

立式导叶自吸泵内部湍流的大涡模拟     

王春林  李长军  刘红光  丁剑  吕亚云 《中国农村水利水电》2012,(2):84-87

采用大涡模拟方法,运用CFD软件CFX对设计工况下的立式导叶自吸泵内部三维不可压缩湍流流场进行数值模拟。得到了其内部流场的压力分布和速度分布情况,对立式导叶自吸泵内部流场的相对速度分布和压力分布进行分析,对模型泵进行性能预测,得到了性能预测曲线,并进行了性能试验,结合预测结果与试验结果进行对比,说明大涡模拟法能够较准确地预测立式导叶自吸泵性能和内部流动特性,为立式导叶自吸泵的设计研究提供参考。  相似文献