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Sujata Mohapatra Rajesh Kumar Srianga Tilak Patnaik Choudhury Suryakant Mishra Lakshman Sahoo Jitendra Kumar Sundaray 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(8):3230-3236
Monocrotophos (MCP) is one of the organophosphate pesticides extensively used in agriculture and animal husbandry. The present study reports the effects of sub‐lethal concentrations of MCP on gonadosomatic index (GSI), gonadal histology and breeding fitness of the fish Anabas testudineus. The fish were exposed to three sub‐lethal concentrations of monocrotophos (T1: 3.5 mg/L, T2: 5.3 mg/L and T3: 10.6 mg/L) for 45 days with 12 fish (males and females in equal numbers) in each tank, and one group was kept as control (C) without any treatment. GSI decreased in all treatment groups in comparison with control. Significant decrease in fertilization and hatching rate was observed at all concentrations in comparison with control on 15, 30 and 45 days of monocrotophos exposure. The decreased vitellogenesis, disruption of follicular wall and oocyte atresia were observed in all the treated females at 30 and 45 days of exposure. Rupture of seminiferous tubules was noticed in all the treated males irrespective of exposure periods. The results thus indicated that monocrotophos could deleteriously impact the gonadal structure and function in A. testudineus, which could seriously impact the reproductive success of the animal. 相似文献
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运用同位素示踪技术研究了久效磷在农业生态环境中的行为。结果表明,久效磷进入生态环境后将降解为可溶态和结合态残留物;土壤微生物能显著地加速久效磷的降解与消失;在水灌农作物及水生生态系中,久效磷在水中消失较快,易被系统内动植物吸收;久效磷用于水稻,一次喷药0.45kg/hm~2,间隔31天,糙米中的残留浓度低于最大残留限量,若二次、三次用药,则安全间隔期为52天和67天。久效磷在所论各系统中的可溶态降解物主要为磷酸三酯。 相似文献
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The use of biopesticides compatible with chemical pesticides is recommended in pest management as an effective and ecologically sound strategy. The entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuill, which is used as a biopesticide, was found to exhibit and lose tolerance to two organophosphorus insecticides widely used in Indian fields. The pattern of response is similar to the esterase-mediated organophosphate tolerance in aphids achieved through esterase gene duplication. Therefore the role of esterase in the tolerance exhibited by isolates of B. bassiana to the organophosphate, monocrotophos, was studied. Both the total soluble protein content and esterase activity were found to increase significantly in B. bassiana cultures that were able to grow in the presence of monocrotophos. With the hitherto established linkage between esterase overproduction and organophosphate tolerance in insects and the observed similarity in response of the insects and B. bassiana to the chemical, it is concluded that tolerance to monocrotophos in B. bassiana may be due to a mechanism similar to that operating in insects. Habituation of the fungus to monocrotophos to initiate expression of esterase gene may help in achieving compatibility between the two. 相似文献
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久效磷对金鱼精巢超显微结构和特征性酶活性的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
用0.01、0.10、1.00 mg.L-1久效磷暴露金鱼21 d,测定了精巢乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)的活性,并观察了精巢显微和超微结构的变化。结果表明:久效磷暴露21 d,精巢小叶基膜断裂,Leydig氏细胞水肿,小叶间质扩大,支持细胞核膜溶解,胞质内脂滴和髓磷脂象数量增多。1.00 mg.L-1久效磷造成了生殖腺指数的显著下降,对精巢发育有一定程度的延迟作用。随着久效磷暴露浓度的升高,LDH,ACP,ALP的活性逐渐下降,0.10、1.00 mg.L-1久效磷暴露组精巢LDH,ACP的活性下降显著,而各暴露组的精巢ALP活性呈现不显著下降趋势。推测久效磷可能通过损伤精巢超显微结构和降低LDH,ACP和ALP活性,干扰精巢能量代谢,造成对雄性金鱼的生殖毒性。 相似文献
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研究表明,苗木带蚧是中国晋盾蚧在旱柳林内发生的主要原因,造林前对苗木检疫,用52％磷化铝片剂每m~3空间6.6g,熏蒸24～48h,杀虫率达99％以上;幼林早期除冠,可清除虫源,并能增强树势;在2龄若虫盛发期,用干基打孔注射法,幼林按每m~2树冠投影施药0.7ml,头木作业林按每大主枝施药0.95ml注射40％久效磷乳油原液,或幼林按每m~2树冠投影1.3ml注射40％氧化乐果乳油原液防治效果可达95％左右;以20％速灭杀丁乳油125ppm,40％氧化乐果乳油500ppm,高分子膜2500ppm混合喷雾1～2龄若虫,校正死亡率为98.66％;红点唇瓢虫是该虫的主要天故,干基埋草皮或杂草,可提高成虫越冬存活率22.24％～34.08％。为指导生产防治,本文提出了中国晋盾蚧综合管理模式。 相似文献
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棉铃虫对久效磷抗性和敏感性品系的生物适合度 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
通过构建种群生命表，观察比较了棉铃虫[Helicoverpa armigera (Huebner)]对久效磷抗性品系和敏感性品系的一系列生长发育和繁殖特征。结果表明，两品系的适合度差异显著。相对于敏感品系，抗性品系生长发育上表现为幼虫期和蛹期延长，蛹重减轻，化蛹率和羽化率降低；繁殖上表现为交本配率、产卵量和卵孵化率降低。用种群数量趋势指数（I）来确定两个品系的相对适合度，抗性品系对敏感品系的相对适合度仅为0．14。认为这是生产上棉铃虫对有磷的抗性发展较慢的原因之一。 相似文献
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控制栗瘿蜂形成虫瘿的研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
控制栗瘿蜂形成虫瘿的研究靳杏蕊，田士波，赵淑娥（河北省农林科学院植物保护研究所保定０７１０００）孙鸿祥（河北省沧州农药化工厂沧州０６１０２１）关键词栗瘿蜂，控制，虫瘿形成，高渗久效磷栗瘿蜂是板栗的严重害虫。一年危害，多年影响树势，周期性发生，造成板栗... 相似文献
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对久效磷抗性棉铃虫品系的选育及其乙酰胆碱酯酶的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
用久效磷对采集于山东聊城抗性地区的棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera (Huebner)进行抗性品系选育，经过10代的室内选育，抗性倍数达211．88倍，为选育前的6．67倍，发现筛选后对氰戊菊酯，氯氰菊酯和灭多威的抗生分别下降了8．13，7．44和13．36倍，对甲基对硫磷和辛硫酸的抗性基本保持不变，这说明久效磷与其他5种被试药剂之间没有明显的交互抗性，还对抗，感棉铃虫体内AChE进行了研究，对久效磷抑制粗酶液的实验表明，抗性品系锦铃虫体内AChE的交互抗笥，还原抗，感棉铃虫体内AChE进行研究，对久效磷抑制粗酶液的实验表明，抗性品系棉铃虫体内AChE的I50是敏感品系的3．18倍，酶液纯化使抗，感品系AChE的I50分别下降6．69和3．49倍，说明粗提液中存在AChE保护因子，且这种保护因子在抗性品系中更有效，但纯化后，抗，感品系的AChE敏感性之间仍存在1．66倍的差异，此外，两品系AChE的动力学参数也存在显差异，由此认为AChE敏感性降低与其它因子共同组成了棉铃虫对久效磷的抗性机制。 相似文献