排序方式： 共有48条查询结果，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
2.
K. Takeuchi H. Toyohara M. Kinoshita M. Sakaguchi 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2000,23(2):173-182
We have isolated a cDNA encoding the taurine transporter from a tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) gill cDNA library. Transient expression of the cDNA in COS-7 cell indicates that the clone encodes a Na+- and Cl–-dependent and -amino acid-specific taurine transporter. By the transfer of tilapia cultured in freshwater to 70% artificial seawater, plasma osmolality increased by up to 100–135 mOsm/kgH2O along with the marked increase in the taurine transporter mRNA level in all the tissues examined i.e., kidney, stomach, intestine, gill, eye, liver, fin, muscle and brain. In most tissues, time-dependent change in the taurine transporter mRNA level corresponds to that in plasma osmolality. However, fin showed an acute and muscle showed a delayed increase in taurine transporter mRNA compared to changes in plasma osmolality. The taurine transporter mRNA level in tilapia embryos also increased after transfer from freshwater to 100% artificial seawater. Increase in taurine transporter expression leads to the activation of cellular uptake of taurine from plasma and the accumulation of taurine in the cell. Thus the results in the present study suggest that taurine plays an important role as an osmolyte in the ubiquitous tissues of tilapia during high-salinity adaptation. 相似文献
3.
A. Rodríguez M.A. Gallardo E. Gisbert S. Santilari A. Ibarz J. Sánchez F. Castelló-Orvay 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2002,26(4):345-354
The osmoregulation capabilities of juvenile Siberian sturgeon exposed to three experimental osmolalities (22, 250 and 387 mOsmol kg−1) were studied over a 45-day period. Growth performance, haematological parameters, ion concentrations, gill and spiral valve
Na+-K+-ATPase activities, as well as gill and spiral valve histology, were measured. At the end of the period, the plasma osmolality
of fish kept in 250 and 387 mOsmol kg−1 was higher than that of fish kept in 22 mOsmol kg−1. Similar trends were observed in electrolyte concentrations. Spiral valve and gill Na+-K+-ATPase activity varied with exposure time and environmental salinity. Shortly after being transferred to hyperosmotic media,
spiral valve Na+-K+-ATPase activity fell, while gill Na+-K+-ATPase activity remained constant. At the end of the experiment, gill Na+-K+-ATPase activities in fish kept in isosmotic and hyperosmotic media had increased in comparison to those of the control fish.
Moreover, spiral valve Na+-K+-ATPase activities recovered and were similar to those recorded in fish kept in hyposmotic environments. Although some of
the morpho-physiological mechanisms were operational in juvenile Siberian sturgeon in their adaptation to hyperosmotic media,
fish cannot be considered hyperosmotic regulators as they were unable to maintain their plasma osmolality and electrolyte
equilibrium in salinities higher than 250 mOsmol kg−1. This suggests that the culture of juvenile Siberian sturgeon in brackish environments is unlikely to be successful. However,
our data indicate that in natural environments, juvenile Siberian sturgeon in migratory populations (Ob and Lena Rivers) would
be able to migrate successfully into estuarine brackish grounds with a salinity of up to 9%.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
4.
Moira L. NorrisKatherine A. Houpt VMD PhD T. Richard Houpt VMD PhD 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2013
Six ponies were deprived of drinking water and food and compared over 24 hours with nondeprived ponies, ponies deprived of water but with food available, and ponies deprived of food but with water available. When food was eaten during water deprivation, plasma osmolality rose 4% from 284 mOsm/kg to 295 mOsm/kg. During water and food deprivation, plasma osmolality failed to rise, even over 24 hours, and usually fell. Packed cell volume was higher when food but not water was available. Food and/or water deprivation had no significant effect on plasma protein concentration. When food was available, the ponies drank three times more water (13.1 ± 2.1 kg) than when water but not food was available (3.5 ± 1.4 kg). Blood volume changes were calculated from packed cell volume and plasma protein data, and it was found that blood volume did not change significantly with deprivation. Urine volume did not vary with deprivation, but free water clearance changed significantly, falling when food but not water was available. Under these conditions, blood volume is maintained, but the mechanisms are not clear. When deprived of both drinking water and food, ponies failed to develop the hyperosmolality expected under these conditions. Water deprivation while food is available is a more powerful challenge to water and electrolyte homeostasis than deprivation of both food and water. 相似文献
5.
The effects of changes in osmotic pressure on the initiation of spermmotility in the river sculpin were studied. When the fresh milt was diluteddirectly with solutions of mannitol at various concentrations, 22% ofthe spermatozoa became motile in isotonic (300 mM) solution, 63%became motile in a solution of 200 mM, and more than 90% becamemotile in a solution of 100 mM and in 20 mM HEPES-NaOH. When the spermatozoawere transferred to various osmotic conditions after the termination ofswimming in the isotonic solution, 27.9% of spermatozoa became motilein the solution of 200 mM, while more than 80% of spermatozoa becamemotile in the solution of 100 mM and in the buffer solution. Aftertermination of swimming in the solutions of 300 mM and 200 mM, more than80% of spermatozoa became motile again when they were transferred toa solution of 100 mM and to the buffer solution. After the termination ofswimming in the solution of 100 mM, most of spermatozoa were immotile evenwhen they were transferred to the buffer solution. These results suggest theexistence of multiple osmotic switches in each sperm cell that initiate themotility; one reacts in response to the osmotic conditions above 200 mOsmkg-1, with the threshold varying for each cll, while anotherswitch, which is common to all the cells, reacts in response to osmoticpressure below 200 mOsm kg-1. The existence of the latterswitch was confirmed by the motility in the solution of 100 mM and in thebuffer solution in this study. 相似文献
6.
盐度对俄罗斯鲟幼鱼血清渗透压、离子含量及鳃丝 Na+/K+-ATP 酶活力的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
研究了急性盐度胁迫对7月龄俄罗斯鲟(Acipenser gueldenstaedtii)幼鱼[体质量(86.1±18)g]鳃丝Na+/K+-ATP酶活力、血清渗透压和血清离子(Na+、K+、Cl-)的影响。结果表明:幼鱼从淡水直接转入盐度15、20、25水中,96h死亡率分别为72.22%、100%、100%,其他组(盐度0、5、10)无死亡。各盐度组96h血清渗透压、Na+、Cl-浓度随盐度升高而增加,且各盐度组显著高于对照组(P0.05),盐度15组最高,盐度5、10组间各指标不存在显著差异(P0.05)。盐度组血清K+离子在48h中较对照组均显著降低(P0.05),96h时有所回升但仍低于对照组,盐度15与盐度5、10相比血清K+离子有显著性差异(P0.05),盐度5、10之间无显著性差异(P0.05)。盐度组鳃丝Na+/K+-ATP酶活力呈先下降后上升变化,48h为最低,与对照组有显著性差异(P0.05),96h时盐度5、10组鳃丝Na+/K+-ATP酶活力与对照组及组间无显著差异(P0.05),盐度15与对照组及盐度5、10均有显著差异(P0.05)。96h幼鱼的等渗点为303.2mOsm·kg-1,相当于盐度10.06,而Na+及Cl-等离子点分别为146.1mmol·L-1和136.8mmol·L-1,分别相当于盐度9.02和8.95。与盐度15组相比,盐度10及其以下处理组各项检测指标变化幅度相对较小,在幼鱼渗透调节范围之内,盐度10中养殖15d后各项指标与淡水组差异较小,因此7月龄俄罗斯鲟幼鱼已具备在盐度10及以下的咸水中生活的能力,但不能耐受高于10的盐度。 相似文献
7.
Sayyed Mohammad Hadi Alavi Elham Jorfi Azadeh Hatef Sayyed Abdul Saheb Mortezavi 《Aquaculture Research》2010,41(10):e688-e694
Spermatozoa concentration, ionic composition, osmolality, glucose and total protein contents of seminal plasma and sperm motility were determined in Barbus sharpeyi (Cyprinidae, Teleosotei). Spermatozoa concentration ranged from 9.77 to 20.20 × 109 spermatozoa mL?1. Osmolality (mOsmol kg?1) and ionic contents (mM L?1) of the seminal plasma were 274.5±9.0, 70.0±3.4 Na+, 28.8±0.9 K+, 101.7±3.1 Cl?, 0.9±0.1 Mg2+ and 2.1±0.1 Ca2+ respectively. Total protein and glucose were 5.3±0.2 g L?1 and 76.7±4.3 mM L?1 respectively. Sperm motility was initiated in a hypo‐osmotic condition, composed of either an ionic (KCl or NaCl) or a non‐ionic (sucrose) activation medium. Duration of sperm motility was very short: <2 min after activation in distilled water. Percentage of motile spermatozoa was significantly higher in an activation medium containing NaCl compared with that of distilled water. An activating medium containing NaCl or KCl higher than 150 mM or sucrose higher than 275 mM totally inhibited the activation of sperm motility. Immediately after sperm activation, wave(s) propagated along the flagellum, but waves were restricted to the proximal part of the flagellum (close to the head) at 1 min post activation. Studied characteristics in the present study were compared with those of other cyprinids for understanding inter‐species differences. 相似文献
8.
盐度对银鲳血清渗透压、过氧化氢酶及鳃离子调节酶活力的影响 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
将银鲳幼鱼置于盐度14、25、36的海水中96 h,检测不同盐度下银鲳幼鱼血清渗透压、过氧化氢酶(CAT)以及鳃泡膜质子泵(VHA)、Ca2 -ATP酶、碳酸酐酶(CA)活力随着时间推移而变化的情况。结果显示,血清渗透压变化和盐度呈正相关,并出现波动变化,变化范围为271～379 mOsm/kg,96 h时各盐度组血清渗透压均有恢复正常的趋势。高盐度(36)和低盐度(14)组CAT活力都显著升高而后逐渐恢复(P<0.05),盐度36组8 h时为各值中的最高点。鳃VHA活力变化:盐度14组先上升后回落,对照组基本保持平稳,盐度36组先下降而后恢复。盐度改变后,Ca2 -ATP酶活力都出现显著增强(P<0.05),盐度14组比盐度36组的变化趋势更明显。盐度14和36组CA活力都出现显著增强(P<0.05),其中盐度36组24 h时为最高值。分析实验数据发现,血清渗透压与鳃VHA活力呈极显著负相关,与CA活力在低盐度适应时呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),而盐度14组血清渗透压与Ca2 -ATP酶的变化呈基本相反趋势。结果表明,银鲳幼鱼在适应不同盐度时,血清渗透压会伴随盐度升降而改变,并激活CAT,而鳃VHA、Ca2 -ATP酶、CA在渗透压调节过程中有重要作用。 相似文献
9.
N. Saito H. Hirayama K. Yoshimura Y. Atsumi M. Mizutani K. Kinoshita 《British poultry science》2017,58(5):506-511
1. The E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 (WWP1) gene, the mutation of which causes muscular dystrophy in chickens, is expressed not only in the pectoral muscle, but also in a number of tissues such as the kidney. Therefore, this study examined some parameters related to kidney function in muscular dystrophic (MD) chickens.
2. Plasma osmolality, Na+ and K+ concentrations, aldosterone levels, and the expression of aquaporin (AQP) 2, AQP3, and α subunits of the amiloride-sensitive epithelial sodium channel (αENaC) were analysed in the kidneys of 5-week-old MD chickens and White Leghorn (WL) chickens under physiological conditions or after one day of water deprivation.
3. Plasma osmolality, Na+ concentrations, and plasma aldosterone levels were significantly higher in MD chickens than in WL chickens. αENaC mRNA expression levels were lower in MD chickens than in WL chickens. AQP2 and AQP3 mRNA expression levels were similar in the two strains of chickens.
4. Plasma osmolality correlated with aldosterone levels and AQP2 and αENaC mRNA levels in WL chickens. In MD chickens, plasma osmolality correlated with AQP2 mRNA levels, but not with plasma aldosterone or αENaC mRNA levels.
5. These results suggest that neither water reabsorption nor the expression of AQP2 and AQP3 is impaired in MD chickens and that a WWP1 gene mutation may or may not directly induce an abnormality in Na+-reabsorption in the kidneys of MD chickens, potentially through αENaC. 相似文献