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Elcimara Cardoso Pereira Elzamara Castro Oliveira Elen Monique Oliveira Sousa Hugo Napoleão Pereira Silva Lincoln Lima Corrêa Rosa Helena Veras Mourão Marcos Tavares-Dias Lenise Vargas Flores Silva 《Journal of fish diseases》2020,43(12):1497-1504
This study investigated the acute toxicity (LC50-24 hr) effects of the essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus for adult Argulus sp. and Dolops discoidalis, before and during oviposition. In vitro acute toxicity (LC50-24 hr) was tested using 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140 and 160 μg/L of C. citratus essential oil, and two control groups (one with cultivation tank water and one with cultivation tank water + alcohol) were used. Specimens of Argulus sp. and D. discoidalis submitted to acute toxicity were evaluated using histological procedures. The major chemical compounds of C. citratus essential oil were geranial (47.5%), neral (35.6%) and myrcene (6.7%). The LC50-24 hr for Argulus sp. adults was 67.97 μg/L, while for D. discoidalis it was 59.55 µg/L. In the oviposition of both species of argulids, maximum mortality began with treatments of 140 μg/L, while the LC50-24 hr for Argulus sp. and D. discoidalis was 83.98 μg/L and 82.48 μg/L, respectively. In both argulid species exposed to C. citratus essential oil, morphological alterations were observed only in the eyes, and they occurred in the ommatidium and rhabdomeres and were dependent on the concentration of C. citratus essential oil and the parasite species. 相似文献
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Mohsen Khalili Marzieh Attar Rezvaneh Amirlatifi Zohreh Namira Maleki Seyyed Morteza Hoseini 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(4):1653-1659
In the present study, common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were fed with diet supplemented with 0% (M0) or 0.5% (M0.5) myrcene for 6 week and exposed to ambient copper (0.2 mg/L) for further 2 weeks. Gene expressions of superoxide dismutase (sod), catalase (cat), glutathione peroxidase (gpx), glutathione reductase (gr) and glutathione S‐transferase (gst) were assayed in the fish brain and kidney, and thiobarbituric reactive substance (TBARS) levels were determined in blood plasma. The results showed that there was no significant difference in TBARS levels between the M0 and M0.5 treatments, before the copper exposure; however, the M0 had significantly higher TBARS levels compared to the M0.5, after the copper exposure. The antioxidant genes showed different patterns in the fish brain and kidney. The genes were up‐regulated in the fish brain by dietary myrcene and copper exposure. However, in the fish kidney, the M0.5 treatment showed no change in sod, cat, gpx before and after the copper exposure. The results suggest that myrcene is capable to induce antioxidant enzymes that prepare the fish for a further oxidative condition (i.e. copper exposure). Dietary myrcene at 0.5% level is suggested for common carp before treatment with copper sulphate. 相似文献
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随着现代人对于健康关注度的不断提升,康复花园日益成为广受关注的园林形式。其设计理念是通过自然与人文环境建设实现人体从生理到精神的全方面健康。文中通过解析康复花园内涵和分析康复花园的功能与作用机理,结合人体从生理到精神的不同层次需求,归纳总结出现代康复花园规划设计的方法模型,并通过现实案例——山东泰安金陡山岳麓康复花园规划设计讨论了其实践应用。 相似文献
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Donatella Volpatti Bulfon Chiara Tulli Francesca Galeotti Marco 《Aquaculture Research》2013,45(1):31-44
The research was aimed to assess the effect of dietary carvacrol (0.025% and 0.05%) on sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) growth, immune response and resistance to Listonella anguillarum. Fish (69.2 ± 0.22 g) were fed the experimental diets for 9 weeks. Dietary carvacrol did not negatively affect fish survival, growth performance, feed intake and feed conversion ratio (P > 0.05) nor carcass yield and viscerosomatic, hepatosomatic and mesenteric fat index (P > 0.05). Serum and head kidney leucocytes were collected after 1, 4 and 8 weeks of feeding. Carvacrol significantly reduced serum proteins, immunoglobulins and lysozyme activity (P < 0.01) and moderately increased phagocytosis and pinocytosis of head kidney macrophages. The release of reactive oxygen species by leucocytes was reduced in carvacrol‐fed fish, even if significantly (P < 0.05) only in those fed 0.05% carvacrol for 1 week. Dietary carvacrol did not significantly affect the aspecific immune response, although a potential antioxidant activity might be speculated. Moreover, feeding carvacrol provided an appreciable resistance to a challenge with L. anguillarum, when a bacterial dose lower than the Lethal Dose50 was used. Cumulative mortality in fish fed 0.025% carvacrol was significantly lower than that of untreated controls (75% Relative Per cent Survival). 相似文献
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Practical diets with essential oils of plants activate the complement system and alter the intestinal morphology of Nile tilapia 
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下载免费PDF全文 Gustavo M. R. Valladão Sílvia U. Gallani Gabriela Pala Raphael B. Jesus Suzana Kotzent Jaqueline C. Costa Thiago F. A. Silva Fabiana Pilarski 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(11):5640-5649
The effect of the essential oils (EOs) of peppermint, Mentha piperita L., and tea tree, Melaleuca alternifolia (Maiden & Betche) Cheel, on the haematological, biochemical, and immunological parameters and intestinal morphology of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus L., was evaluated. Fish (58.09 ± 5.87 g) were fed 100 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg of each EO and sampled on days 7, 14, 30 and 60 after starting supplementation. The haematological and biochemical parameters were not altered by the supplementation of EOs compared to the control (p > .05). With regard to the immunological parameters, the activation of the complement system of fish fed 250 mg/kg peppermint and 100 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg tea tree EOs were significantly higher compared to the control after 60 days of feeding (p < .05). The complement system plays an essential role in innate immunity and contributes significantly to the acquired immune response; thus, its activation through supplementation with EOs is promising for the formulation of nutritional additives in aquaculture. Regarding intestinal morphology, fish fed 250 mg/kg tea tree EO presented higher villus size compared to all other groups (p < .05), which represents a healthier gut. These fish present a larger intestinal surface, which can result in better absorption and utilization of the nutrients. Based on the responses found in this study, both EOs were considered promising for the formulation of feed additives for Nile tilapia. 相似文献
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Hamid Rajabiesterabadi Morteza Yousefi Seyyed Morteza Hoseini 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2020,26(3):763-771
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential effects of olive leaf (Olea europea L.) extract (OLE) on common carp (Cyprinus carpio) health in response to ambient ammonia toxicity. Fish were fed with experimental diets containing OLE (0, 1, 5 and 10 g/kg) for 60 days followed by a 3‐hr challenge with ammonia (0.5 mg/L unionized ammonia‐N). Results showed that haemoglobin levels, differential leucocyte counts and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration were not affected by dietary OLE levels and ammonia challenge. Ammonia challenge significantly increased red blood cells and decreased blood mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, plasma lysozyme, complement and bactericidal activities. Plasma lysozyme, complement and total immunoglobulin values improved by 5 and/or 10 g OLE/kg supplementation. Before the ammonia exposure, the 5 and 10 g OLE/kg treatment significantly increased blood white blood cell, but there was no significant difference among the treatments after the ammonia exposure. Ammonia exposure significantly increased plasma malondialdehyde levels; however, 1 and 5 g OLE/kg treatments had significantly lower values compared to the other treatments. The present results suggest that 1 g OLE/kg diet may improve fish health and reduce the adverse effects of ammonia toxicity on common carp. 相似文献
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Hammond, J.A., Fielding, D. and Bishop, S.C., 1997. Prospects for plant anthelmintics in tropical veterinary medicine. Veterinary Research Communications, 21 (3), 213-228The current use of anthelmintic plants in tropical veterinary medicine is reviewed and attention is drawn to the lack of scientific evidence for the effectiveness of many now in use. The case for anthelmintic plants as a means of overcoming some of the serious limitations of manufactured anthelmintics is outlined. Reasons why anthelmintic plants are not generally used in veterinary medicine, in contrast to their greater acceptance in human medicine, are considered. Strategies for their development and use are discussed, in particular the need for in vivo trials to identify those plants which are effective and suitable for general use: attention is drawn to possible candidates, including pyrethrum and papaya latex. Those helminths of most economic importance should be targeted first. Anthelmintic plants offer a traditional alternative to manufactured anthelmintics that is both sustainable and environmentally acceptable. Such plants could have a more important role in the future control of helminth infections in the tropics. 相似文献
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Ghotge NS Ramdas SR Ashalata S Mathur NP Broome VG Sanyasi Rao ML 《Tropical animal health and production》2002,34(2):121-143
Anthra, an organization of women veterinary scientists working in the field of livestock production and development, has been involved since 1996 in a research project to document and validate local ethnoveterinary and animal management practices carried out by livestock-rearing communities in different parts of the states of Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra in India. Communal knowledge and innovation are an integral part of the day-to-day healing and management practices of farmers in all areas and over 80% of farmers continue to use these because they are easily and quickly available, especially in remote villages. However, this knowledge is today rapidly being lost. Farmers, both men and women, have expressed a keen desire to increase their own knowledge of these systems. This paper outlines the validation framework evolved by Anthra, wherein farmers using these medicines are actively participating in an evaluation process. Major findings are that local practices are effective, participating farmers use them confidently and other farmers are keen to use and increase their knowledge of them. 相似文献
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