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1.
- The most western little penguin colony globally, and the most northern in Western Australia (WA) is found on Penguin Island, WA. The penguins use coastal bays that are also used extensively by recreational watercraft. These penguins have been found to either dive predominantly to shallow depths of 1–5 m or to depths >8 m. It is thus hypothesized that (a) both the shallow and deeper diving penguins can potentially be disturbed or injured by these watercraft but that the risk will differ between the two diving strategies, and (b) that risk of injury for both is greater during the summer and autumn, when people are more likely to use watercraft.
- This was tested by attaching data loggers to little penguins during chick rearing and by investigating necropsy records. Diving activity was studied for the very shallow and relatively deeper diving penguins separately, and we considered the penguins were vulnerable to interactions with watercraft when they were within the top 2 m of the water column or at the surface.
- Shallow‐diving penguins executed >1,200 dives per day, 64% of dives occurred within the top 2 m, and they were vulnerable for approximately two‐thirds of their time at sea. The deeper diving penguins executed fewer dives. Almost half of dives were to ≥10 m, yet they were vulnerable for almost one‐third of their time at sea. Their post‐dive recovery was also longer. Thus, the risk of interaction from watercraft differs depending on the diving behaviour.
- This study highlights the potential impact to little penguins throughout Australia and New Zealand.
2.
Lu Zhou Xu Chen Peng-Xiang Duan Ding Wang Zhi-Tao Wang Ke-Xiong Wang 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2021,31(4):964-978
- Yangtze finless porpoise (YFP) is Critically Endangered, It relies on its biological sonar sensing system for important life activities. The rapid development of the Yangtze valley has brought busy shipping, which has resulted in increased noise.
- Two locations on the shipping channel and non-shipping branch were selected. Passive acoustic monitoring was used to record the biosonar signals of porpoises and underwater noise. The number of click trains, echolocation encounters, buzzes and buzz ratios were counted and the root mean square sound pressure level of noise was calculated in five diel phases.
- A non-parametric test was used to analyse the differences among different phases and between different locations. The aim of the study was to detect the spatial and temporal variations in the biosonar activity of YFPs and underwater noise between non-shipping and shipping channels, and to provide scientific advice for YFP conservation.
- Significant spatial and temporal patterns were observed both in biosonar activity and noise. Average biosonar activity, including click trains, buzzes, buzz ratio and echolocation encounters, was higher in the non-shipping channel than in the shipping channel, whereas the noise level was higher in the shipping channel than in the non-shipping channel.
- In the non-shipping channel, the buzz numbers and buzz ratios, indicators of porpoise feeding activity, were higher at night than during the day while the noise level was higher during the day than at night.
- These findings may be associated with the noise avoidance strategies of YFPs to adapt to the busy shipping on the Yangtze River. Maintaining the non-shipping status of some branches of the Yangtze River can provide more shelters for the YFPs. Strengthening the measures for banning navigation at night or reducing the vessel speed at night throughout the entire year would improve the YFPs’ feeding success.
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根据码头库区多年来接卸海上原油的实际情况,对海上原油途耗的原因进行了分析,有针对性地提出了降低海上原油途耗的对策及预防措施,就码头库区接卸计量原油的实际问题,提出了解决方法及建议。 相似文献
4.
陈日红 《福建农业大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2007,10(3):119-124
中国近代船政文化的开拓者们曾经造就亚洲最先进的近代造船基地和近代海军，培养出许多近代新型人才，为中国传统文化的近代转型作出了杰出的历史贡献。然而，由于清朝政府未能及时进行全面深刻的体制改革，中国近代船政创新惨遭失败；由于许多中国人深受君主专制主义观念的束缚，中国文化转型之路曲折漫长。认真吸取中国近代船政文化历史所提供的经验教训，有助于尽快完成中国传统文化的现代转型。 相似文献
5.
以册子岛30×104吨级原油码头及航道为例,通过分析原油码头水域深度、水文、气象等自然因素和大型油轮靠泊、离泊以及接卸作业等情况下的主要风险因素,提出了原油码头接卸作业安全预防措施。总结了大型原油码头在油轮接卸作业管理方面存在的主要问题,提出了监控中心、引航员、码头操作员等应采取的风险控制措施以及卸油前后船方、码头和码头操作员应执行的全方位安全管理工作。研究认为,制定可行的风险控制对策可有效降低大型油轮的作业风险,遏制重大航行和污染事故,保障原油码头接卸作业及港口航运安全。 相似文献
6.
浙江港航产业发展历史悠久,新世纪以来现代港航产业也初具规模,而今正值中国国家海洋战略落地浙江,全面审视浙江省港航产业发展基础,审时度势提出政策创见可助推浙江海洋经济跃上新台阶。研究发现（：1）、浙江港航运产业发展的基础条件扎实,表现为资源与区位优势、企业优势、体制优势（;2）、面临全球港航产业激烈竞争环境,浙江航运产业发展机遇与挑战并存。新机遇需要浙江港航产业走规模化与品牌化发展、提升港航企业综合竞争力和绿色发展之路。 相似文献
7.
Evaluation of Commercial‐scale Approaches for Cryopreservation of White Crappie,Pomoxis annularis,Sperm 
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下载免费PDF全文 Charlie M. Culpepper III Amy M. Guitreau Shay Allred Terrence R. Tiersch Peter J. Allen 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2018,49(4):725-734
Crappie, Pomoxis spp., are popular game fish throughout North America and are produced by public and private hatcheries. However, production is limited by a lack of information on tank culture and induced spawning methods. Development of techniques for storage of sperm and in vitro fertilization would increase flexibility in spawning. Therefore, techniques for sperm cryopreservation were examined in white crappie, Pomoxis annularis. Sperm from adult wild white crappie were used to evaluate sperm extender, cryoprotectant agent and concentration, and cooling technique based on post‐thaw sperm motility. Percent egg fertilization was also compared between sperm stored in the two best cryopreservation protocols and two different osmotic activator solutions. Sperm were cryopreserved using treatment combinations of two extenders (350 mOsmol/kg Hanks' balanced salt solution [HBSS] and 350 mOsmol/kg Ca2+free HBSS) and two cryoprotectants (dimethyl sulfoxide [DMSO] and methanol) at concentrations of 5, 10, and 15% that were cooled at four different rates: 5, 10, 20, and 40 C/min. Post‐thaw sperm motility and fertilization rates indicated white crappie sperm can be cryopreserved using either extender, cryoprotectants of either 5% DMSO or 10% methanol, and cooling at 40 C/min. A follow‐up experiment demonstrated sperm in suspensions on ice retained viability after overnight transport. 相似文献
8.
To assess the effect of human interferon-alpha (IFNα) on shipping fever of Thoroughbred
racehorses subjected to long-distance transportation, an IFNα preparation was orally
administered to 48 horses three times (once daily, 3 successive days) before
transportation (IFNα group). In the control group (25 horses), maltose was administered in
the same way. These treatments induced no abnormal findings in Thoroughbred racehorses
before transportation. Immediately after transportation, significant increases in rectal
temperature were observed in both treatment groups, whereas the rectal temperature of the
IFNα group tended to be lower than that of the control group. Although WBC, Fbg, and SAA
immediately after transportation were significantly increased due to transportation in
both groups, the extent of the increases in the IFNα group was significantly smaller than
in the control group. Long-distance transportation had a relatively profound impact on
Thoroughbred racehorses, which was mitigated by IFNα treatment. 相似文献
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10.
Victor Manuel Ocaño‐Higuera Alfonso Nivardo Maeda‐Martínez María Elena Lugo‐Sánchez Gillermina García‐Sánchez Enrique Márquez‐Ríos Silvia Gómez‐Jimenez Ramón Pacheco‐Aguilar 《Aquaculture Research》2011,42(8):1087-1095
Currently, there is an increasing interest in shipping live adult scallops to markets and broodstock to hatcheries; nevertheless, information about the shipping effect on live scallops physiology is very scarce. In a previous study, a method in emersion was developed to ship scallop seed out of water, but it was not known whether this method is useful to transport adult organisms. As a consequence, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of transportation by the emersion method on the physiological status of the adductor muscle of adult giant lion's paw scallop. Live specimens were packaged in a container and transported in emersion for 11 h. Six scallops were frozen in a farm and a similar number were frozen as soon as they arrived to the laboratory. Physiological indices were determined in each lot and the survival was estimated 24 h after re‐immersion. As a result of the transportation, a significant loss (P<0.05) of total carbohydrates, glycogen, adenosine 5′‐triphosphate and adenilated energetic charge, and a significant increase (P<0.05) in the free amino acids concentration were observed. Eighty‐eight per cent survival was achieved; therefore, we conclude that this method is appropriate for shipping live adult scallops of Nodipecten subnodosus. 相似文献