Fatty acids in muscle of wild and farmed red porgy, Pagrus pagrus   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

F. M. Rueda  J. A. López  F. J. Martínez  S. Zamora  P. Divanach  & M. Kentouri 《Aquaculture Nutrition》1997,3(3):161-165

The total fat content and the fatty acids of total lipids (TL), phospholipids (PL) and triacylglycerols (TAG) were analysed in white muscle from wild and reared red porgy, Pagrus pagrus (L.). The fat percentage was higher in reared (3.03 ± 0.57%) (mean ± SE) than wild (0.65 ± 0.03%) fish. The fatty acid pattern of reared porgy TL reflected the diet's lipid. Wild red porgy showed higher levels of ω3 and ω6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) than reared, but both the atherogenic index and the index of thrombogenicity were very low for both wild and reared red porgy. The lipid fractions showed that the PL were composed of very high levels of PUFA, especially 22:6ω3, and their composition seemed to be better regulated than the composition of TAG. TAG showed greater differences between wild and reared fish, presumably because they reflected the dietary content of lipids. PUFA were the principal component of wild red porgy TAG.  相似文献   

Docosahexaenoic Acid Is Naturally Concentrated at the sn-2 Position in Triacylglycerols of the Australian Thraustochytrid Aurantiochytrium sp. Strain TC 20     

Kim Jye Lee-Chang  Matthew C. Taylor  Guy Drummond  Roger J. Mulder  Maged Peter Mansour  Mina Brock  Peter D. Nichols 《Marine drugs》2021,19(7)

The Labyrinthulomycetes or Labyrinthulea are a class of protists that produce a network of filaments that enable the cells to glide along and absorb nutrients. One of the main two Labyrinthulea groups is the thraustochytrids, which are becoming an increasingly recognised and commercially used alternate source of long-chain (LC, ≥C₂₀) omega-3 containing oils. This study demonstrates, to our knowledge for the first time, the regiospecificity of the triacylglycerol (TAG) fraction derived from Australian thraustochytrid Aurantiochytrium sp. strain TC 20 obtained using ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹³C NMR) analysis. The DHA present in the TC 20 TAG fraction was determined to be concentrated in the sn-2 position, with TAG (16:0/22:6/16:0) identified as the main species present. The sn-2 preference is similar to that found in salmon and tuna oil, and differs to seal oil containing largely sn-1,3 LC-PUFA. A higher concentration of sn-2 DHA occurred in the thraustochytrid TC 20 oil compared to that of tuna oil.  相似文献   

Breeding Oilseed Crops for Improved Oil Quality     

《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(1-2):309-344

Abstract

Vegetable oils are one of the most valuable commodities in world trade. They are subject to specific quality requirements, both for food and non-food uses, there being a continuous demand for new oil types. Thus, plant breeders have made great efforts over the past four decades to develop those quality features demanded by the industry, mainly related to the fatty acid composition of the seed oil. Initially, breeders had to focus on the natural variation occurring within each oilseed crop and closely related species. From the 1970s onwards, the induction of mutations by treatment of seeds with mutagenizing agents was revealed as an effective system for modifying the fatty acid profile. In fact, mutagenesis has proved to be one of the most successful approaches for creating novel oil types. Nowadays, breeding for improved seed oil quality is in a transitional stage, both from a conceptual and a methodological point of view. First, the concept of oil quality is changing. It is not only defined by its fatty acid composition but also by other parameters, the most important being the triacylglycerol profile and the tocopherol content and composition. Second, molecular techniques for gene identification and manipulation are opening up new possibilities, much more powerful and less random than the traditional ones, for the modification of quality traits. In this review, we aim to offer an overview of seed oil quality as well as its genetic improvement by traditional and biotechnological means.  相似文献   

Effects of dietary medium-chain triacylglycerols (tricaprylin and tricaproin) and phospholipid supply on survival, growth and lipid metabolism in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) larvae     

Stphanie Fontagn  Laurent Burtaire  Genevive Corraze  Pierre Bergot 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2000,190(3-4):289-303

The present study investigated the interaction of dietary medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) and phospholipids (PL) on survival, growth and lipid metabolism in common carp larvae. Nine diets based on casein and dextrin and with a variable lipid part were tested in triplicate for 22 days post first feeding. The 3×3 design consisted of three triacylglycerols (3% of diet) combined with three different lipid supplements. Tested triacylglycerols were triolein (TOL), tricaprylin (TC8) and tricaproin (TC6), and lipid supplements were 2% soybean oil (low-fat diets without PL), 2% soybean lecithin (low-fat diets with 2% PL) or both 2% soybean lecithin and 6% TOL (high-fat diets with 2% PL).

In the first step, both TC6 and TC8 resulted in improved survival and growth rates compared to TOL, irrespective of the PL supply. In the second step, TC8 decreased survival and growth rates, whereas the difference between TC6 and TOL became less. Histological signs of impaired intestinal absorption of neutral lipids were evidenced in larvae fed TOL without PL and also in high-fat diets with 2% PL. The latter diets also resulted in poorer growth rates compared to low-fat diets with 2% PL. These results suggest that the quantitative PL requirement of larvae increases as the dietary level of long-chain triacylglycerols increases. Larvae fed TC6 or TC8 showed enlarged liver and hepatocyte volume and a decreased level of body neutral lipids. Based on β-hydroxybutyrate (β-HBA) measurements in whole larvae, TC8 was found to be more ketogenic than TC6. TC6 and TC8 affected differently the fatty acid profile of larval body neutral lipids. TC6 did not induce the appearance of MCFA, whereas TC8 feeding resulted in a low level of 8:0 and relatively high levels of 10:0 (3.8% of total fatty acids). Neither 8:0 nor 10:0 were found in larval polar lipids.

This study confirmed the essentiality of PL in common carp larval diets and underlines differences in the utilization of TC6 and TC8, which both initially stimulate growth during the first week, but only temporarily in the case of TC8.  相似文献   

Effects of breed, sex and halothane genotype on fatty acid composition of triacylglycerols and phospholipids in pork longissimus muscle     

S. Zhang  T.J. Knight  K.J. Stalder  R.N. Goodwin  S.M. Lonergan  & D.C. Beitz 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2009,126(4):259-268

The objective of this study was to estimate the effects of breed, sex, and halothane (HAL‐1843^TM) genotype on fatty acid composition of triacylglycerols (TAG) and phospholipids (PL) extracted from porcine longissimus muscle (LM). Purebred Yorkshire (n = 131), Duroc (n = 136), Hampshire (n = 49), Spotted (n = 35), Chester White (n = 74), Poland China (n = 51), Berkshire (n = 169) and Landrace (n = 82) pigs (n = 727; 427 barrows and 300 gilts) from the 1994 and 2001 National Barrow Show Sire Progeny Tests were used. For statistical analyses, a mixed model was used that included fixed effects of breed, sex, HAL‐1843^TM genotype, year, slaughter date within each year, interaction of breed × sex and random effects of sire and dam within breed. Breeds and sex were significantly associated with the percentages of the majority fatty acids in TAG. Duroc pigs had greater total saturated fatty acids (SFA) and lower total monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) (p < 0.05) contents than did pigs of all other breeds except Berkshire (p > 0.05). The concentration of total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) was the greatest in Hampshire pigs (p < 0.05). The content of total SFA was greater (p < 0.01), whereas the concentrations of total MUFA and PUFA were lower (p < 0.01) in barrows than those in gilts. The contents of major SFA in PL did not differ significantly among pigs from different breeds and sex groups. However, breed and sex significantly affected the concentrations of major MUFA and PUFA in PL and strong negative correlation between the total contents of MUFA and PUFA in PL was observed in the current study. Chester White pigs had greater total MUFA and lower total PUFA contents (p < 0.05) in PL than did pigs of all other breeds except Spotted (p > 0.05). In contrast to breed and sex effects, the concentrations of fatty acids in PL were more affected by HAL‐1843^TM genotype than those in TAG. The content of C16:0, a major SFA in PL, differed significantly in pigs with different HAL‐1843^TM genotypes. In conclusion, these results suggest that breed and sex are important sources of the variations for fatty acid composition of TAG and PL in LM.  相似文献   

酶法催化紫苏油和MCT合成中长链甘油三酯研究     

黄昭先  王满意  孙承国  王风艳  王翔宇  江连洲 《农业机械学报》2021,52(1):360-366，359

通过Lipozyme RM IM催化紫苏油与中链甘油三酯(MCT)进行酯交换合成富含α-亚麻酸的中长链甘油三酯(MLCT),研究了酶添加量、底物中MCT浓度、反应温度和反应时间对MLCT得率的影响。40%MCT和60%紫苏油在6%的Lipozyme RM IM催化作用下,于60℃进行4 h的酯交换反应,结果表明,在反应平衡后,MLCT得率超过70%。采用两步法除臭工艺纯化酯交换产物,产品中的甘油三酯纯度达到97%,游离脂肪酸含量显著降低,反式脂肪酸质量分数可以控制在1%以内。此外,在纯化产物中存在超过40%的α-亚麻酸,超过85%的长链脂肪酸在甘油三酯中的sn-2位置。  相似文献   

Dietary supplementation with the microalgae Parietochloris incisa increases survival and stress resistance in guppy (Poecilia reticulata) fry     

P.R. NATH  I. KHOZIN‐GOLDBERG  Z. COHEN  S. BOUSSIBA  D. ZILBERG 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2012,18(2):167-180

Dietary enrichments with the arachidonic acid (ARA)‐rich microalga, Parietochloris incisa, on the survival of guppy (Poecilia reticulata) fry were examined. Diets were applied via Artemia enrichment to fish from two commercial farms for 34 and 36 days of experimental period (trials 1 and 2, respectively). In trial 1, Artemia nauplii were enriched with dry biomass of whole algal cells at 0 (control), 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 mg mL^?1. Fry fed with Artemia enriched with 0.4 mg mL^?1 demonstrated the lowest mortality rates (24% and 1% in farms 1 and 2, respectively) compared with controls (36% and 13% in farms 1 and 2, respectively). In trial 2, fry were fed with Artemia, enriched with whole algal cells (0.4 mg ml^?1), algal hexane extract (HE; containing primarily ARA‐rich triacylglycerols and β‐carotene; 0.19 mg ml^?1) or the extraction residue (0.28 mg ml^?1). Acute stress (5 min air exposure) was applied after 18 days. The lowest mortality was recorded in the whole alga‐fed group (av. 26% and 2.6% in farms 1 and 2, respectively), with a slightly, but not significantly higher mortality in the HE‐fed group (av. 29% and 6.2% in farms 1 and 2, respectively). Elevated lysozyme was associated with the reduced mortality. Overall, the use of P. incisa as a dietary supplement for guppy fry during their first month of life enhanced their survival and stress resistance.  相似文献   

Changes in proximate composition,lipid class and fatty acid profile in Greenshell™ mussels (Perna canaliculus) over an annual cycle          下载免费PDF全文

Matthew R Miller  Hong Tian 《Aquaculture Research》2018,49(3):1153-1165

Greenshell? mussel (GSM, Perna canaliculus) is New Zealand's most important aquaculture species. This study looked at changes in the proximate composition, lipid class and fatty acid profile of male and female market ready mussels over a year from April 2016 through to March 2017. There were differences over the season as well as differences between male and female mussels. Winter GSM had lower lipid, carbohydrate and protein concentrations than other seasons. Female mussels had a higher lipid (on average 1.8 ± 0.5 g/100 g ww) and carbohydrate (on average 5.0 ± 1.1 g/100 g ww) compared with the males (lipid, 1.5 ± 0.4 g/100 g ww and carbohydrate 4.5 ± 1.2 g/100 g ww). The major differences observed between seasons in the omega 3 and fatty acids content of the GSM were driven by the fat content, with the highest fat content found in female mussels in the spring prior to spawning. The majority of lipids found in mussels are polar lipids. Overall, this study provides the most comprehensive data on the composition and the lipid content of GSM to date and provides solid base‐line data as the New Zealand GSM industry continues to improve their production procedures. The enhanced nutritional payload of mussels harvested outside of winter (particularly female mussels in spring) could drive a differentiated higher value mussel product.  相似文献   

不同油茶物种及品种果实中甘油三酯成分分析          下载免费PDF全文

田潇潇  方学智  孙汉洲  杜孟浩 《林业科学研究》2018,31(2):41-47

[目的]探明不同油茶物种及品种果实中甘油三酯的组成。[方法]采用HPLC-MS、主成分分析方法对6个不同油茶物种和9个不同普通油茶品种果实中甘油三酯成分进行分析。[结果]表明:共检测出24种甘油三酯,主要为OOO(三油酸甘油三酯)、OOL(1,2-二油酸-3-亚油酸甘油三酯)、OOP(1,2-二油酸-3-棕榈酸甘油三酯)等不饱和甘油三酯,其中,不同油茶物种果实OOO、OOL含量较高的均为浙江红花油茶(21.18%、17.70%),OOP含量较高的为普通油茶(14.62%);不同普通油茶品种果实OOO含量较高的为长林166号(45.83%),OOL含量较高的为长林18号(21.05%),OOP含量较高的为长林53号(16.90%),含量均超过10.00%。不同油茶物种和品种果实甘油三酯的综合排名与其含油率排名均存在差异。[结论]结合含油率与甘油三酯主成分分析结果得出,不同油茶物种果实中,浙江红花油茶表现较优,不同普通油茶品种果实中,长林21号表现较优。研究结果为油茶籽油指纹图谱构建、品质鉴定提供了依据。  相似文献   

Inter species changes of lipid compositions in liver of shallow-water sharks from the Indian Ocean     

Chamila  JAYASINGHE  Naohiro  GOTOH  Shigeru  TOKAIRIN  Hiroshi  EHARA  Shun  WADA 《Fisheries Science》2003,69(3):644-653

ABSTRACT:     The liver oils of five dominant shark species, Alopias superciliosus, Carcharhinus falciformis, C. longimanus, Prionace glauca , and Sphyrna lewini , in the Indian Ocean were studied for their lipid classes, fatty acid and triacylglycerol (TAG) molecular compositions, in order to understand and identify the inter species changes and possible utilization avenues. The livers showed 26.1–60.1% oil content regardless of the gender or species of shark. Triacylglycerol was the predominant lipid class (65.2–86.1%) in all species followed by sterol esters (2.9–12.7%), hydrocarbons (2.5–11.6%) and diacylglyceryl ethers (1.0–3.8%). The major fatty acid in total lipid and TAG was docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n-3; DHA), which in male S. lewini was at remarkable levels (43.4%). The predominant fatty acid combinations of TAG molecules in all shark species were palmitic, DHA and oleic acids (PDO 12.5–19.9%), and palmitic, DHA and palmitic acids (PDP; 8.4–15.4%). Tridocosahexaenoin was found in considerable levels in S. lewini (male).  相似文献