Effects of Carbofuran on Availability of Macronutrients and Growth of Tomato Plants in Natural Soils and Soils Amended with Inorganic Fertilizers and Vermicompost     

《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(17):2571-2586

The effects of lower field rate (LFR), field rate (FR), and higher field rate (HFR) applications of carbofuran on ammonium (NH₄)-nitrogen (N), nitrate (NO₃)-N, available phosphorus (P), and available potassium (K) contents in natural soils and those amended with inorganic fertilizers and vermicompost on the growth of tomato plants were studied. The NH₄-N, NO₃-N, available P, and available K contents increased up to FR but the most significant increase in was observed at LFR of carbofuran application. At HFR there was a significant reduction in nutrient availability. With passage of time all these parameters increase up to 30 days; thereafter, a decrease was observed up to the end of the experiment in both unamended and amended soils. The greater plant growth was observed at LFR of carbofuran application and at HFR the plants exhibited phytotoxicity in the form of marginal leaf scorching in both systems. The morphological growth parameters of tomato plants were positively correlated with nutrients availability.  相似文献   

Integrated use of organic and inorganic inputs in wheat-fodder maize cropping sequence to improve crop yields and soil properties     

Dharmsinh D. Rathod  Kishorbhai P. Patel  Khushvadan C. Patel 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(11):1439-1455

A 2-year field study was conducted to evaluate the effect of two organics, farmyard manure and vermicompost, each at three rates (0, 5, 10 t ha^?1 and 0, 1, 2 t ha^?1, respectively), along with two levels of mineral fertilizer (75% and 100% of recommended dose), on crops yields and soil properties under a wheat–fodder maize cropping sequence. Individual addition of organics at a higher level increased yields of wheat and subsequent maize. Soil microbial biomass carbon was enhanced as both a direct and residual effect with the addition of farmyard manure followed by vermicompost and fertilizer treatments, and also by combined addition of manure with either vermicompost or mineral fertilizer. Farmyard manure increased the availability of soil macro- and micronutrients, whereas vermicompost influenced only the availability of micronutrients at wheat harvest. A residual effect of farmyard manure and mineral fertilizers was found for available N. Meanwhile, the residual status of micronutrients in the soil was either maintained or significantly improved due to organic amendments (Mn and Zn with farmyard manure; Fe and Zn with vermicompost). Interaction of farmyard manure and vermicompost at a higher level benefited the next crop by increasing the yield of fodder maize and improving the availability of P and metals in soil.  相似文献   

Temporal variation of soil nutrients under the influence of different organic amendments     

Piw Das  Raktim Pal 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(7):745-757

Maintenance of tropical soil quality for crop production without damaging the environment is a challenge and thus the development of an efficient nutrient-management technique is important. Soil amendment by organic manures has been widely accepted as an efficient nutrient-management technique in tropical agriculture. In this study, a long-term laboratory experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of organic manures of different sources (e.g. cattle manure, poultry manure, vermicompost and oil cakes) on changes in pH, electrical conductivity, organic C and nutrient content (mineral N, available phosphorous and potassium) in tropical alluvial soil. Applications of organic amendments in this study indicated considerable changes in the basic soil physico-chemical properties and different nutrient levels. Soil pH declined slightly, whereas organic C and all the other nutrients increased distinctly, due to the application of organic manures. Thus, the magnitude of changes in the soil properties was dependent on the nature of the organic manure.  相似文献   

蚯蚓粪与化肥配施对西瓜地土壤活性有机碳及酶活性的影响   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

王明友  张红  李士平  薛玉剑 《水土保持通报》2015,35(4):101-106

[目的]探讨蚯蚓粪与化肥配施对西瓜种植的作用,为土壤培肥制度的建立及西瓜生产提供参考。[方法]以"黑彤K-8"为试材,通过大田试验研究了N100(尿素提供100%的氮)、M10N90(蚯蚓粪和尿素分别提供10%和90%的氮)、M30N70(蚯蚓粪和尿素分别提供30%和70%的氮)和M50N50(蚯蚓粪和尿素各提供50%的氮)等不同处理对土壤活性有机碳、碳库管理指数(CPMI)、酶活性和西瓜产量的影响。[结果]同N100处理相比,配施蚯蚓粪处理的高活性、中活性和活性有机碳含量均明显升高;M30N70处理的活性有机碳含量和CPMI显著高于其他处理,比N100处理分别高出30.10%和37.28%;同时,脲酶和蔗糖酶活性亦明显高于其它处理,其中蔗糖酶活性分别较CK,N100,M10N90和M50N50处理提高84.66%,62.33%,47.26%和22.46%。此外,M30N70处理的西瓜产量和肥料生产率最高,它可使西瓜产量分别比N100,M10N90和M50N50处理高出26.49%,13.34%,6.27%;M30N70处理的肥料生产率分别比N100,M10N90和M50N50处理高出166.50%,54.11%,21.37%。相关分析结果表明,运用土壤活性有机碳和碳库管理指数表征土壤酶活性、西瓜产量及肥料生产率的变化,比土壤总有机碳更具灵敏性。[结论]蚯蚓粪与化肥配施对西瓜生长具有显著的促进生长效果,其中3∶7比例配施的效果优于1∶9和5∶5比例。  相似文献   

Cumulative Effect of Organic and Inorganic Sources of Nutrients on Yield,Nutrients Uptake and Economics by Rice–Wheat Cropping System in Indo-Gangetic Plains of India     

Maneesh Kumar  S. K Singh  J. S Bohra 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2020,51(5):658-674

ABSTRACT

Field experiments were conducted for 2 years in sandy loam soil, to study the direct effect of organic manures i.e. sewage sludge (SS), vermicompost (VC) and sesbania (SB) and chemical fertilizers on rice (Oryza sativa) and their residual effect on wheat (Triticum aestivum) grown in sequence in winter (Rabi) and summer (Kharif) season during 2015–2016 to 2016–2017 at Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh. Residual effect of organic sources of nutrients as SS, VC and SB were monitored up to fourth crop (II wheat) in sequence applied in conjunction with 75% recommended dose of fertilize (RDF). Among the nutrient sources, the maximum grain yield in I rice (4.89 t ha^?1), II rice (4.95 t ha^?1), was recorded in treatment T₃ (100% RDF with S, Zn, B) whereas in I wheat (4.68 t ha^?1) and II wheat (4.59 t ha^?1), it was recorded in T₄ (customized fertilizer). The maximum straw yield during all four crops was recorded in T₃ (100% RDF with S, Zn, B) in rice and T₄ (customized fertilizer) in wheat crop, which showed 25, 32, 23 and 28% increase over 100% RDF (T₂). Application of 100% RDF along with S, Zn, B and customized fertilizer increased the total uptake of N, P, K, S and B and also in net returns and B:C ratio followed by organic treatments.  相似文献   

Response of strawberry to organic versus inorganic fertilizers     

Shailendra Kumar Yadav  U. U. Khokhar  Som Dev Sharma  Pramod Kumar 《Journal of plant nutrition》2016,39(2):194-203

The aim of this research was designed in order to optimize integrated plant nutrient supply (IPNS) through balanced fertilization of organic, inorganic and microbial inoculants in strawberry cv. Chandler. The potential efficiency of bio-organics used along with chemical fertilizers on cropping behaviour, physical-chemical and biological properties of rhizosphere soil, fruit yield, quality attributes and leaf nutrient content was investigated. The significant improvement in physico-chemical properties of the soil and nutrient uptake was recorded. The uninoculated control received farmyard manure (FYM) and inorganic nitrogen (N) recorded the highest cation exchange capacity (CEC) and soil organic carbon (OC) content. Highest available N and phosphorus (P) of soil were recorded in vermicompost and inorganic N applied in two and one split, respectively. The concentration of micronutrients cations viz., iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn) in soil was higher in treatment received vermicompost and inorganic N in two splits. The integration of bio-organic nutrient supplements also significantly enriched the microbial status of the rhizosphere soil, leaf nutrient concentration and maintained soil health and productivity on long term basis for sustainable fruit production.  相似文献   

蚓粪对厌氧发酵主要性能参数的影响     

范振山  张彦  杨世关  张百良  杨波 《湖北农业科学》2013,52(13)

在厌氧发酵瓶中分别加入为废水质量10％、5％、1％的蚓粪,使其与不加蚓粪的发酵瓶在同等条件下从产气量、比产甲烷活性、pH、化学需氧量(COD)消化速度等方面进行了2个周期的对比研究.结果表明,在第一周期,随蚓粪添加量的增加,产气量和比产甲烷活性提高,但由于蚓粪的加入,厌氧发酵瓶内废水的COD浓度也增大,加大了前期厌氧反应器运行负荷,延长了其水力滞留期(HRT);在第二周期,添加蚓粪组的产气量、比产甲烷活性、COD消化速度都明显优于对照组.蚓粪对厌氧发酵污泥比产甲烷活性有明显的促进作用,可以提高沼气产率与COD消化速度,使pH更趋稳定,适宜的蚓粪添加量为1％～5％.  相似文献   

Integrated Management of Organic Manures and Chemical Fertilizers for Enhancing Paddy Yield and the Nutrient Content of Rice Cultivars     

Ataollah Ashrafi Esfahani  Hormoz Fallah  Salman Dastan 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2019,50(5):570-585

The integrated nutrient management with organic manure and chemical fertilizers can improve rice (Oryza sativa L.) production, soil health, and fertility. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the combined effects of organic manures and chemical fertilizers on the yield and nutrient content of wetland rice under field conditions. It was conducted in northern Iran in two consecutive years, 2015 and 2016 as a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete blocks design (RCBD) with three replications. Two local rice cultivars, Tarom Hashemi and Tarom Mahalli, were chosen as the first factor; mineral fertilizers in four levels: 100% recommended nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium (NPK), 75% recommended nitrogen with 100% phosphorus-potassium (PK), 75% recommended phosphorus with 100% nitrogen-potassium (NK), and 75% recommended potassium with 100% nitrogen-phosphorus (NP), were selected based on soil analysis and were arranged as the second factor; and three levels of organic manures, namely zero and eight tons of vermicompost per hectare, and 10 tons of rotted manure per hectare was the third factor. Results revealed that the highest paddy yield occurs with vermicompost and manure consumption for both cultivars. Moreover, the highest paddy yield (3962 kg ha^?1) occurs with 100% recommended NPK and vermicompost consumption. For both cultivars, the most chlorophyll a and chlorophyll ab content was produced with application of 100% recommended NPK. The most grain nitrogen content, grain nitrogen uptake, protein content, and protein yield were observed with 100% recommended NPK applied with 10 tons of rotted manure and eight tons of vermicompost usage per hectare. Therefore, in view of the ever-increasing use of chemical fertilizers and irreversible damage thereby, the additional use of these compounds can benefit the environment and human health. The global attention to sustainable agricultural concepts and organic manure can, in addition to producing reasonable yields, be considered as an appropriate alternative to chemical fertilizers.  相似文献   

Effects of Organic Matter-Rich Amendments on Selenium Mobility in Soils     

Petra SMAŽÍKOVÁ  Lukáš PRAUS  Jiřina SZÁKOVÁ  Jana TREMLOVÁ  Aleš HANČ  Pavel TLUSTOŠ 《土壤圈》2019,29(6):740-751

Soil organic matter (SOM) plays an important role in the Se dynamics in soil. The potential effects of vermicompost and digestate as important sources of SOM on selenium (Se) mobility were assessed in this study. Three soils differing in their physicochemical parameters, fluvisol, chernozem, and luvisol, were chosen, and three types of vermicomposts based on various bio-waste materials as digestate (vermicompost 1), kitchen waste with woodchips (vermicompost 2), and garden bio-waste (vermicompost 3) were used due to their high organic matter content. Additionally, digestate samples alone were applied. To evaluate the potential effect of vermicompost application on sorption characteristics of soils, batch sorption experiments were performed. The results showed a predominant effect on Se species in the soils, where selenite sorbed more intensively compared to selenate, regardless of the soil and ameliorative material applied. In the control, the soil sorption ability of selenite tended to decrease in the order:fluvisol > luvisol > chernozem. However, these differences were not significant. Moreover, the effects of the ameliorative materials depended on both soil and amendment used. In fluvisol, all the amendment applications resulted in a decrease in distribution coefficient (K_d values) of Se, whereas in chernozem, this effect was observed only for the digestate-based vermicompost 1. Increasing K_d levels were reported in luvisol treated with digestate; the application of garden bio-waste-based vermicompost 3 tended to decrease the K_d values. Further studies are required on long-term effects of these amendments on Se mobility in soils and the role of individual organic matter fractions in this context.  相似文献   

矿物基蚯蚓粪表面特征及其对土壤Cd钝化能力的研究     

刘会展  杨学林  潘攀  刘贝贝  李勤奋  雷梅 《农业工程学报》2023,39(23):220-229

针对农田土壤镉（Cd）活性高的问题,以寻求具有良好重金属钝化特性的原位修复材料为目标,该研究以铁粉、磷矿粉和牛粪混合蚯蚓堆肥所制备的矿物基蚯蚓粪为研究对象,利用系列结构表征手段对其进行基本性质表征,并进一步分析矿物基蚯蚓粪施加下土壤对Cd吸附、有效性和赋存形态的影响,最终筛选出具有良好Cd钝化效果的矿物基蚯蚓粪。结果表明,铁粉及磷矿粉的添加使矿物基蚯蚓粪中的pH值、C/N、有机质含量有所降低,但总养分含量显著增加（P<0.05）。比表面积及孔隙度、扫描电镜分析和X射线能谱分析结果表明,矿物质的添加增大了蚯蚓粪比表面积和孔容,改变了蚯蚓粪中矿物元素的占比。傅立叶变换红外光谱分析表明,矿物基蚯蚓粪中醇或羧酸类、芳香类以及多糖类物质增多,脂类和碳水化合物减少。X射线衍射分析表明,添加铁粉及磷矿粉制备出来的矿物基蚯蚓粪增加了磷酸盐、纳米零价铁等矿物组分。土壤培养和吸附解吸试验表明,施加矿物基蚯蚓粪显著提升了土壤对Cd的吸附强度,降低了对Cd的解吸率,其中以牛粪+20%铁粉+20%磷矿粉（VCFe+P）进行蚯蚓堆肥所获得的矿物基蚯蚓粪处理的土壤对Cd的吸附效果最佳,较施加纯蚯蚓粪的土壤吸附...  相似文献