扎龙保护区圈养亚成体丹顶鹤越冬期行为的研究     

周少婷  李淑玲  马建华  王文锋 《动物医学进展》2016,(12):66-72

为了解扎龙保护区圈养群体亚成体丹顶鹤越冬期越冬行为策略,于2014年11月至2015年3月采用目标取样法和瞬时记录法对圈养2013年和2014年亚成体丹顶鹤进行研究。结果表明,圈养亚成体丹顶鹤越冬期主要以取食行为为主(34.14%),其次为站立行为(15.77%);双因素方差分析显示,温度对越冬期各行为均有显著影响,年龄仅对玩耍行为有显著影响,Pearson相关性分析,温度与取食和游走行为显著正相关,与站立和静栖显著负相关,年龄与玩耍行为显著正相关。表明圈养亚成体丹顶鹤越冬期温度升高时取食和运动,温度降低时站立和静栖,2岁龄亚成体丹顶鹤相较于1岁龄更喜欢玩耍。  相似文献   

不同播期和灌水条件下冬小麦生物量变化与产量模拟     

陈先冠  冯利平  马雪晴  程陈  潘学标  王靖 《农业机械学报》2021,52(10):349-357

为了阐明播期和灌水对冬小麦生物量积累动态特征的影响并实现不同播期与灌水条件下的产量模拟,在吴桥实验站2年（2017—2019年）播期水分大田试验基础上,结合2011—2017年播期水分文献资料,采用“小麦钟”模型发育指数来定量模拟冬小麦的发育期,以Logistic模型定量模拟不同播期和水分处理对地上部生物量积累动态的影响,并建立冬小麦生物量模型,进而构建冬小麦产量模型。结果表明,播期通过影响冬小麦生长旺盛期来影响生物量积累;播期推迟,冬小麦生长旺盛期缩短而使生物量减小。不同水分处理造成的地上部最大生物量的差异主要由生物量的最大积累速率决定,生物量最大积累速率随灌水量的增大呈先增加后下降趋势。基于冬前积温和生长季供水量建立冬小麦生物量与产量模型,冬小麦地上部生物量实测值和模拟值的均方根误差（RMSE）和归一化均方根误差（NRMSE）分别为1980.2kg/hm2和15.7%,产量实测值和模拟值的RMSE和NRMSE分别为839.7kg/hm2和10.6%。基于发育指数的Logistic模型能较好地模拟冬小麦的生物量积累,对不同播期与灌水条件下的产量具有较好的预测效果。足墒播种条件下,冬小麦适宜冬前积温为200~600℃·d,生长季适宜供水量为200~450mm。该研究为华北地区合理调控播期灌水措施提供了科学依据,为不同播期与灌水条件下冬小麦产量预测提供了思路。  相似文献   

鱼类越冬池底泥若干特性的研究     

杨凤  雷衍之 《大连水产学院学报》1998,13(3):1-8

对进行生物增氧的鱼类越冬池底泥低温状态下的研究表明：（１）底泥吸附性氨态氮含量平均为０．１９４ｍｇ／ｇ（烘干重,不同）,有效磷平均为０．０３９４ｍｇ／ｇ,有机物平均为２５．７ｍｇ／ｇ;（２）间隙水中氨态氮含量为５．３１－３８．４ｍｇ／Ｌ,平均１４．０ｍｇ／Ｌ,占无机氮总量的９９．１％活性磷酸盐（ＰＯ４－Ｐ）含量为０．１１１－０．６３２ｍｇ／Ｌ,平均０．３０２ｍｇ／Ｌ;（３）在无扰动条件下ＮＨ＾＋４  相似文献   

松阿扁叶蜂越冬幼虫体内氨基酸含量变化与抗寒性的关系   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

梁中贵  孙绪艮  张同心  李波 《山东农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2003,34(4):467-470

本文测定了不同时期松阿扁叶蜂Acantholyda posticalis Matsumura越冬幼虫虫体、血淋巴内氨基酸含量，并对影响幼虫抗寒的氨基酸进行了探讨。结果表明：越冬幼虫体内含有常见的17种氨基酸。从越冬初期至越冬期，氨基酸种类并没有发生变化，但各种氨基酸含量变化不同，丙氨酸、谷氨酸、脯氨酸、精氨酸和胱氨酸随着温度的下降呈增加趋势。幼虫虫体氨基酸含量增幅最大的为丙氨酸，比越冬初期增加了28．8％，其次是脯氨酸、酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸，分别比越冬初期增加了9．4％、6．4％和5．4％．其他氨基酸增加不明显；幼虫血淋巴内氨基酸中的丙氨酸、胱氨酸和谷氨酸含量分别比越冬初期增加了94．6％、80．2％和19．6％。因此认为这些氨基酸与低温抗寒密切相关。  相似文献   

日本对虾越冬亲虾性腺促熟及工厂化育苗技术研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李克波  刘佳爱  冷丙田  刘彦飞  韩政连  汪洋 《海洋渔业》2000,22(3):110-112

1997、1998年利用越冬亲虾进行性腺促熟,用镊烫法切除眼柄,促进亲虾发育。结果:两年共培育亲虾雌虾8204尾。雄虾5683尾,获交尾虾5360尾。交尾率为71.81％。每年两批育苗,共利用水体1720m~3,育出0.7～1.1cm的虾苗12450万尾,平均单位水体出苗量为7.24万尾/m~3,效益显著。  相似文献   

Spatial association between northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus) and potential prey distribution during the wintering period in the northern Sea of Japan          下载免费PDF全文

Takanori Horimoto  Yoko Mitani  Yasunori Sakurai 《Fisheries Oceanography》2016,25(1):44-53

Elucidating the response of marine predators to oceanographic features helps in understanding their foraging strategies and the cause of their spatial overlap and interference with fishery activities. Northern fur seal is a highly pelagic species during the wintering period. In recent years, fur seals have consistently been found distributed near the coast of southwest Hokkaido, Japan. Because interference by fur seals with coastal fishery activities has become a serious concern, an understanding is sought as to why fur seals come ashore in this area. We conducted ship‐based observations and estimated fur seal density. To elucidate the spatial and seasonal association of fur seal distribution and ocean environments, we constructed statistical models to describe how potential prey distribution and oceanographic features influenced the fur seal spatial distribution during the wintering period. Fur seal distribution corresponded markedly to potential prey distribution, and they tended to aggregate along the narrow continental shelf that is the main geographic feature of this area, which is 2000 m deep and approximately 10 km from the coast. Walleye pollock [Gadus chαlcogrαmmα (Theragra chαlcogrαmmα)] and arabesque greenling (Pleurogrammus azonus), which are one of the main prey for fur seals, move to the shallow area to spawn on the continental shelf seasonally, so potential prey abundance could be higher in coastal areas than offshore. Moreover, the absence of a mesopelagic biotic community may be one of the main factors in the coastal distribution of the fur seal.  相似文献   

苜蓿籽蜂越冬虫态对温度的敏感性     

刘长月  赵莉  倪亦非 《草业科学》2013,30(2):281-286

本研究将当年收获的苜蓿（Medicago sativa）种子储存于4个温度条件下,采用定期剖种的方法,调查苜蓿籽蜂（Bruchophagus roddi）的越冬虫态及其存活情况。结果表明,苜蓿籽蜂主要以3龄幼虫在苜蓿种子内滞育越冬。10月从田间将苜蓿种子收回,储存温度在18.0 ℃、平均湿度为27.2%（10―12月）时,越冬幼虫于当年12月下旬开始化蛹;储存温度在9.9 ℃,平均湿度为40.1%（10月―次年2月）时,越冬幼虫于次年2月下旬开始化蛹。不同温度和不同时间梯度处理苜蓿种子结果表明,在50 ℃、-30 ℃条件下处理1 d,籽蜂幼虫的死亡率均达100%,苜蓿种子的发芽率分别为93.33%和88.33%。  相似文献   

宁夏引黄灌区10个紫花苜蓿品种越冬性综合评价     

李涛  李明雨  刘光瑞  毕盛楠  兰剑 《草原与草坪》2019,39(3):9-14,25

为评价紫花苜蓿不同品种在宁夏引黄灌区的越冬性能,测定了10个紫花苜蓿品种的株高、分枝数、根颈入土深度和根颈直径、干草产量等农艺性状,并使用灰色关联度法和系统聚类分析进行综合评价和分类。结果表明:紫花苜蓿6个农艺性状与越冬性关联度顺序依次为:干草产量>越冬率>株高>根颈直径>根颈入土深度>分枝数,灰色关联度为WL354HQ>WL903HQ>WL326GZ>WL353HQ>WL363HQ>WL343HQ>WL319HQ>WL366HQ>WL168HQ>WL298HQ;10个紫花苜蓿品种越冬性通过系统聚类分析可分为2大类4小类,以WL354HQ,WL903和WL326GZ品种在宁夏引黄灌区的越冬能力最强。  相似文献   

利用地下海水进行海湾扇贝越冬的效果研究     

徐宗法王云鹏  许修明宗成校刘治东  李玉珍 《齐鲁渔业》1999,16(5):7-8

把5cm以上海湾扇贝亲贝按43-50个／m^3密度吊养于水泥沉淀池,利用附近井水调温：使池水温度达4℃以上。越冬两个半月,成活率84％以上,而自然海区越冬贝成活率仅70％．升温促熟后．亲贝产卵孵化率60％以上,而自然海区越冬贝仅为15．1％。地下海水越冬贝的单位水体出苗量为505万粒／m^3和544万粒／m^3,而自然海区越冬贝出苗量仅有209万粒／m^3．证明利用地下海水调温,在沉淀池进行海湾扇贝亲贝越冬,效果明显,完全可行．  相似文献   

Complementary use of natural and artificial wetlands by waterbirds wintering in Doñana,south‐west Spain     

Janusz Kloskowski  Andy J. Green  Marcin Polak  Javier Bustamante  Jarosław Krogulec 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2009,19(7):815-826

• 1. The Doñana wetland complex (SW Spain) holds more wintering waterfowl than any other wetland in Europe.
• 2. This study focused on the use made by 12 common waterbirds (eight ducks and four waders) of the natural seasonal marshes in Doñana National Park (DNP) and the adjacent Veta la Palma (VLP) fish ponds created in the early 1990s. Data used were from aerial and terrestrial surveys collected between October and February during six consecutive winters from 1998/99 to 2003/04. Changes in distribution of each bird taxon were related to changes in the extent of flooded marshes within DNP. Up to 295 000 ducks were counted in VLP during dry periods, and up to 770 000 in DNP when it was flooded.
• 3. The timing and extent of flooding in DNP was highly variable, but there was a consistent pattern in which ducks concentrated in VLP during dry months and winters but redistributed to DNP as more of it was flooded. This refuge effect was also strong for black‐tailed godwits Limosa limosa, but much less so for other waders. Waders feed mainly on invertebrates, and invertebrate biomass in VLP was found to be higher than in DNP. Ducks feed mainly on seeds and plant material, which are more abundant in DNP when flooded.
• 4. When water levels in DNP were stable over the course of a winter, or controlled for in multivariate models, the numbers of ducks at VLP declined over time, probably due to reduced availability of plant foods. In contrast, numbers of waders at VLP were more stable, and their invertebrate prey became more abundant over time, at least in the winter 2003/4.
• 5. In this extremely important wetland complex, the value of natural and artificial wetlands for wintering waterbirds are complementary, providing suitable habitat for different species and for different conditions in a highly variable Mediterranean environment.

Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献