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1.
烟草黑胫病菌(Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae)生理小种鉴定技术研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在1980-1986年,对烟草黑胫病菌生理小种鉴定技术和方法进行了研究和探讨。结果表明,Nicotiana ncsophil(?),Burley21;Burley37;N.stocktonii是理想的鉴别寄主:整株接种方法优于其他的接种方法;接种物浓度以控制在相同的水平(10~3 ml)为宜。为减小生物测定的差异,所有菌系应一次完成测定。 相似文献
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ABSTRACT: Sporophyll formation in two alariaceous plants, Undaria pinnatifida and Alaria crassifolia , was studied in relation to the nutrient requirements. The sporophylls of U. pinnatifida formed zoosporangia when they had N and P contents greater than 1.4 kgN/m3 and 0.74 kgP/m3 . This indicates that these values are the critical nutrient levels for zoospore formation in U. pinnatifida . In the sporophytes of A. crassifolia , many sporophylls with zoosporangia showed nutrient contents higher than 6.25 kgN/m3 and 1.70 kgP/m3 . These results suggest that the U. pinnatifida can form zoospores at lower levels of N and P contents than A. crassifolia . Both species often formed zoosporangial sori on the blades in the late period of each reproductive season. The fertile parts of the blade showed N and P contents higher than the critical levels. This phenomenon indicates that the blades have the capability to form zoosporangial sori if there is a sufficient accumulation of nutrients for zoospore formation. The zoospore formation on the blade seems to be accomplished by an overflow of excess nutrients from sporophylls into the blade, or by accumulating sufficient nutrients to form sori even if the sporophylls are not formed. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT: The effects caused by suspended particles in seawater and sediment cover of the substrate on the attachment to the substrate of zoospores, and on the subsequent growth and survival of gametophytes of the brown alga Eisenia bicyclis were examined in the laboratory. The attachment rate to the substrate of the zoospores was remarkably reduced by the sediment cover on the substrate, and it decreased to 3.8% of the no-sediment control by a slight sediment cover of 3.0 mg/cm2 (0.048 mm in thickness). The growth of gametophytes was not inhibited at 10 mg/cm2 or less of sediment cover, though it was stopped at 30 mg/cm2 . The survival rate of gametophytes became 39.4% at 5 mg/cm2 on the substrate, and gametophytes were all blighted at 30 mg/cm2 . The ratio of male to female of the surviving gametophytes became 81.5:18.5, when the sediment cover was 10 mg/cm2 . The rate of total loss ( TL [%]) of zoospores and gametophytes of Eisenia bicyclis was obtained from the following equation: TL = 100 (1 − exp[−0.0339 C ] exp[−1.24 Q ]), where, C (mg/L) and Q (mg/cm2 ) indicate the concentration of suspended particles in seawater and the sediment on the substrate, respectively. 相似文献
4.
S. Hosseini F. Heyman U. Olsson A. Broberg D. Funck Jensen M. Karlsson 《Plant pathology》2014,63(3):708-714
Phytophthora niederhauserii, P. pisi, P. sojae and P. vignae are closely related species that are pathogenic to various legume plants. While P. sojae and P. vignae are reported to specifically infect soybean and cowpea, respectively, P. pisi is reported to attack pea and faba bean. Phytophthora niederhauserii is considered to have a broad host range. Zoospores of some Phytophthora species are chemotactically attracted to the isoflavones that are secreted by their host plants. The focus of the current study was to determine the chemotaxic behaviour of zoospores from closely related legume‐root infecting Phytophthora species and to investigate the correlation, if any, to host preference as determined by greenhouse pathogenicity tests. The results showed that P. sojae and P. vignae were attracted to the non‐soybean isoflavone prunetin as well as to the soybean isoflavones genistein and daidzein, which is in contrast with their host specificity on soybean and cowpea, respectively. On the other hand, P. pisi and P. niederhauserii were only attracted to prunetin, previously reported to be produced by pea, but not to the isoflavones associated with the non‐host soybean. The lack of responsiveness to genistein and daidzein in P. pisi may represent a recent adaptation to the host specialization towards pea. However, the affinity of P. niederhauserii to prunetin shows that this trait can also be present in taxa not specifically associated with legume hosts. 相似文献
5.
冈村枝管藻中性游孢子的发育过程 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文在国内首次观察描述了冈村枝管藻生活史中由多室孢子囊释放出的中性游孢子的发育变化和各时期的形态特征。成熟的冈村枝管藻孢子体上存在多室孢子囊,由多室孢子囊释放出的中性游孢子附着后直接萌发为盘状体,1周左右盘状体的周边长出许多同化丝和无色毛丝体,在同化丝逐渐成熟的过程中伴随着毛丝体的脱落或萎缩死亡,盘状体即发育成孢子体。通过人为控制条件,在室内对多室孢子囊枝进行连续数月的培养和观察,发现由中性游孢子发育而来的孢子体长到1~2mm即成熟,在同化丝顶部形成多室孢子囊进入下一轮循环。由多室孢子囊释放出的中性游孢子是人工育苗生产过程中苗种的主要来源。 相似文献
6.
大豆疫霉菌单孢分离物生物学性状的遗传变异研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文研究了大豆疫霉菌单游动孢子无性分离物和自交单卵孢子分离物的菌丝生长速率、菌落形态、同宗配合性状、产孢量以及对甲霜灵敏感性的遗传变异。结果表明:菌落形态、生长速率和同宗配合性状在单游动孢子后代和自交后代可稳定遗传,控制上述性状的遗传因子是纯合的;大豆疫霉菌的游动孢子产生能力和对甲霜灵的敏感性在单游动孢子后代和自交后代中均发生连续性变异,表明这两种性状可能是数量遗传性状,也可能控制这两种性状的基因为杂合基因或细胞质遗传因子。 相似文献
7.
Satoshi Tahara Masanori Mizutani Tomohiko Takayama Kaori Ohkawa 《Pest management science》1999,55(2):209-211
A number of compounds isolated from various plant species were tested for their ability to affect the mobility of zoospores of the fungus Aphanomyces cochlioides which causes root rot in spinach (Spinacia oleracea). Compounds may act as attractants, repellents or stimulants of zoosphore movement or they may halt movement by causing the spore to clump and settle. Bioassay revealed compounds with these methods of action, as well as some which acted directly on the fungus. ©1999 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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Summary The nature and extent of field resistance to late blight, and the effect of plant age and inoculum level on resistance components
and host attributes, were studied on the Indian potato cultivars Kufri Chandramukhi, Kufri Jyoti, Kufri Badshah and Kufri
Sherpa. Latent period, infection efficiency, colonization rate and sporulation were found to operate in cvs Kufri Jyoti, and
Kufri Badshah. Based on component analysis cv. Kufri Jyoti was similar to or sometimes more resistant than Kufri Badshah.
No correlation was observed between any of the host attributes and resistance to late blight, except that the erect canopy
of Kufri Badshah was associated with its slow blighting rate. At high inoculum, colonization rate and total sporulation were
increased but infection efficiency was decreased. 相似文献
10.
Monday O Ahonsi Thomas J Banko Stargel R Doane Ayodeji O Demuren Warren E Copes Chuanxue Hong 《Pest management science》2010,66(7):696-704
BACKGROUND: Phytophthora nicotianae Breda de Haan is a common pathogen of ornamental plants in recycled irrigation systems. In a previous study, annual vinca (Catharanthus roseus Don) inoculated with zoospore suspensions using a CO2‐pressurized sprayer had less foliage blight than plants inoculated using a hand sprayer. Here, the impact of hydrostatic pressure, agitation and aeration with CO2 on the survival of P. nicotianae zoospores was examined. RESULTS: Exposure of zoospores to 840 kPa hydrostatic pressure for 8 min or agitation at a mixing intensity (G) of 6483 s?1 for 4 min at 22–23 °C did not kill zoospores, but resulted in viable cysts. Motile and forcefully encysted zoospores of P. nicotianae were equally infectious on vinca or lupine (Lupinus polyphylus Lindl.). Bubbling CO2 into zoospore‐infested water at 110.4 mL (0.2 g) min?1 for 5 min caused 81% reduction in the number of germinated zoospores. Pressure at 630 kPa (16.3 g CO2) or 70 kPa (3.85 g CO2) facilitated CO2 injection and shortened the zoospore inactivation time to 30 s. When air was bubbled through the suspension, germination was similar to the control. CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to CO2 killed P. nicotianae zoospores in water. Neither pressure nor agitation had an effect on zoospore viability or infectivity. Based on results of this study, the authors designed a recycling CO2 water treatment system that is currently under evaluation. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献