Characterization and growth conditions of Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains with different virulence degrees that cause acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease in Litopenaeus vannamei     

Sonia A. Soto‐Rodriguez  Rodolfo Lozano‐Olvera  Daniel A. Palacios‐Gonzalez  Carmen Bolan‐Mejia  Karla G. Rendon‐Aguilar 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2019,50(5):1002-1015

The phenotypic characteristics and growth kinetics at several temperatures, salinities, and pH values of three Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Vp) strains with different virulence and one nonpathogenic strain were evaluated. Independent of the virulence of the strain, a high metabolic diversity was found, which yielded different colored phenotypes on the CHROMagar? Vibrio. All strains were resistant to ampicillin and carbenicillin, and Vp AHPND+ organisms were the most sensitive to enrofloxacin. The exponential growth of Vp strains started at 1–2 hr of incubation, although no relationship was observed between the bacterial density and degree of virulence. Moreover, the growth of the most virulent strain was independent of the nutrients in the incubation media during the initial hour postinoculation. No strain grew at 4°C in 0% NaCl and pH 4, but only Vp AHPND+ grew at 44°C. For all strains, the lag phase was proportional to the NaCl concentration, and the growth was better at pH 8–9. However, the Vp AHPND? strain displayed a greater variability, was more sensitive to extreme conditions, and showed a lag phase of 9 hr independent of the pH.  相似文献   

福建省南美白对虾幼体急性肝胰腺坏死病病原分离与PCR检测     

郭书林  陈信忠  尤颖哲  陈何东  王艺红  丁亦男  龚艳清  杨俊萍 《中国动物检疫》2019,36(6):96-99

急性肝胰腺坏死病(AHPND)是一种近年新发现的南美白对虾疫病,其病原为一种特异的副溶血性弧菌(Vibrio parahemolyticus,VP)。本试验根据文献建立的PCR方法,对福建省9家规模化南美白对虾养殖场进行了AHPND检测,分析不同样本处理方式对检测结果的影响。从90份样本的27份中分离鉴定出81株VP,表明该地养殖场幼虾具有较高的VP感染风险;经PCR检测,在23份样本中,检出阳性菌株72株,其中16份样本的所有受检VP均为特异性菌株,6份样本的部分受检VP为特异性菌株,1份样本的所有受检VP均非特异性菌株,表明患病幼虾存在不同基因型VP同时感染情况;以肝胰腺DNA进行PCR检测,在90份样本中检出8份阳性,而以肝胰腺增菌液进行PCR检测,在90份样本中检出25份阳性,表明直接以肝胰腺DNA进行PCR检测的灵敏性较低。本研究为AHPND检测提供了技术支持。  相似文献   

Development of a rapid immunochromatographic strip test for the detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus toxin B that cause acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease     

Pradit Wangman  Parin Chaivisuthangkura  Suparat Taengchaiyaphum  Chalinan Pengsuk  Paisarn Sithigorngul  Siwaporn Longyant 《Journal of fish diseases》2020,43(2):207-214

Here, two monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific to different epitopes on ToxB, a toxin produced by Vibrio parahaemolyticus that causes acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (VP_AHPND), were employed to develop a rapid strip test. One MAb was conjugated to colloidal gold to bind to ToxB at the application pad, and another MAb was used to capture colloidal gold MAb–protein complexes at the test line (T) on the nitrocellulose strip. To validate test performance, a downstream control line (C) of goat anti-mouse immunoglobulin G antibody was used to capture the free colloidal gold conjugate MAb. The sample in the application buffer could be applied directly to the application well, and the test result was obtained within 15 min. The sensitivity of the kit is approximately 6.25 µg/ml of toxin, which was equivalent to the toxin produced by approximately 10⁷ cfu/ml of bacteria. This kit is convenient and easy to use since it can be used to identify VP_AHPND directly using a single colony of bacteria grown on agar culture plates. Because of its high specificity and simplicity, as well as not being reliant on sophisticated equipment or specialized skills, this strip test could be used by farmers for surveillance for ToxB-producing bacteria.  相似文献   

Production of acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease toxin is affected by addition of cell‐free supernatant prepared from AI‐2‐producing Vibrio harveyi mutant     

Monchai Pumkaew  Suparat Taengchaiyaphum  Sorawit Powtongsook  Wiboonluk Pungrasmi  Kallaya Sritunyalucksana 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2019,50(4):878-886

Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) causes massive mortality in shrimp ponds within the first month poststocking. The causative agent is a specific strain of Vibrio parahaemolyticus (VP_AHPND) that has acquired the capability to produce virulent binary toxins called ToxA and ToxB. This study aims to test the effect of the addition of an autoinducer‐2‐containing cell‐free supernatant (CFS) from the mutant Vibrio harveyi (VH) on growth and toxin production of VP_AHPND. The relative AI‐2‐like activity in CFS was detected by luminescence assay. The effect of CFS (5 and 9%) on growth and toxin production of VP_AHPND was evaluated. Compared to the control culture (without CFS‐VH addition), the addition of either 5 or 9% CFS‐VH affected the growth at the initial stage of VP_AHPND. Similar growth profiles of VP_AHPND were found with the addition of CFS‐VH at both concentrations. Western blot analysis suggests that the addition of CFS‐VH affected the production of both toxins. ToxA could be detected at the early hour post‐CFS‐VH inoculation, whereas the high amount of ToxB was detected when 5% CFS‐VH was added. However, interfering with the AI‐2 function with furanone, the AI‐2 antagonist resulted in a slight delay in the production of both toxins. Results from this study will help to design a novel strategy to control AHPND in shrimp culture.  相似文献   

Inbreeding and disease in tropical shrimp aquaculture: a reappraisal and caution          下载免费PDF全文

Roger W Doyle 《Aquaculture Research》2016,47(1):21-35

The disease crisis facing shrimp aquaculture may be propelled, in part, by an interaction between management practices that cause inbreeding, and the amplification by inbreeding of susceptibility to disease and environmental stresses. The study describes and numerically simulates gene flow from Penaeus (Litopenaeus) vannamei hatcheries that employ a ‘Breeder Lock’ to discourage use of their PL as breeders, through ‘copy hatcheries’ that breed the locked PL, to inbred shrimp in farm ponds. Re‐analysis of published data shows that inbreeding depression under stress is exceptionally strong in shrimp. Inbreeding is currently overlooked as a problem because: (1) procedures recommended for well‐managed hatcheries do not consider their implications for the copy hatcheries that supply most farmed shrimp (estimated 70%), (2) inbreeding in hatcheries is often reported as zero even though zero is the mathematical expectation of the usual estimator (Fis, fixation index) whatever the true genealogy of the broodstock. Simulation shows, however, that inbreeding can be estimated with Wang's trioML estimator, that Fis can differentiate Breeder Locked from copy PL and that simple tests can verify the lock status of PL. The importance of inbreeding should be re‐evaluated in the context of disease and environmental stress. Unrecognized inbreeding may increase the incidence, prevalence and lethality of WSSV, IHHNV, EMS (AHPND) and other diseases.  相似文献   

Effects on survival and bacterial community composition of the aquaculture water and gastrointestinal tract of shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) exposed to probiotic treatments after an induced infection of acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease          下载免费PDF全文

Gustavo Pinoargote  Gilberto Flores  Kerry Cooper  Sadhana Ravishankar 《Aquaculture Research》2018,49(10):3270-3288

Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) is a devastating condition impacting marine shrimp production worldwide. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of four probiotic formulations on Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) infected with pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus causing AHPND. In addition, bacterial community composition analyses of shrimp gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and aquaculture water before and after infection were conducted by sequencing variable region 4 of the 16S rRNA gene on the Illumina MiSeq platform. Treatments included: (1) Lactobacillus casei (P1), (2) L. casei and Rhodopseudomonas palustris (P2), (3) L. casei, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and R. palustris (P3), and (4) a commercial probiotic EM^® (EM), which showed shrimp survival of 11.7%, 26.7%, 36.7% and 73.3% respectively. Treatments causing lower survival showed greater relative abundance (>60%) of family Vibrionaceae in the GIT compared to treatments with higher survival. Diversity indices from GIT samples revealed that treatments showing higher survival had higher Shannon index values (4.69 ± 0.133), compared with those of treatments with lower survival (0.17 ± 0.004). Diversity indices from water samples did not show significant differences after infection (Shannon index 4.64 ± 0.53). The results showed that probiotics could effectively mitigate AHPND while maintaining diverse microbial composition in shrimp GIT, thus maintaining sustainability in the shrimp aquaculture industry.  相似文献   

液相芯片“黄海芯1号”在凡纳滨对虾急性肝胰腺坏死病抗性基础群体遗传评估中的应用          下载免费PDF全文

刘绵宇  李旭鹏  孔杰  孟宪红  陈美佳  罗坤  隋娟  代平  张雅文  强光峰  谭建  陈宝龙  曹家旺  李波波  赖晓芳  栾生 《水产学报》2023,47(1):019417-019417

为评估基因型鉴定芯片在育种群体构建中的应用价值,实验对凡纳滨对虾3个群体(EE、PP和SS)进行急性肝胰腺坏死病(AHPND)副溶血弧菌(Vp_AHPND)侵染实验,利用自主研发的40K SNP液相芯片“黄海芯1号”获得146尾个体的基因型信息,对群体遗传背景进行了系统调查并估算了AHPND抗性遗传力。Vp_AHPND浸染实验结果显示,不同群体间存在抗病差异,PP群体的存活性能比EE和SS群体分别高出12.9%和11.6%。利用质控后的38 148个SNP信息构建系统进化树,结果显示群体内同一个家系的个体首先聚在一起,进而同属一个群体的多个家系聚在一起。主成分和遗传结构分析显示,可以准确地将146尾个体划分为3个组,与系统进化树聚类结果一致。遗传多样性分析显示,3个群体的观测杂合度(H_o)平均值为0.25～0.29,多态信息含量(PIC)平均值为0.20～0.23,上述遗传参数达到极显著水平。3个群体间的遗传分化系数(F_ST)为0.11～0.21,存在中高度遗传分化。基因组近交分析表明,EE、PP和SS...  相似文献   

对虾肝胰腺坏死病副溶血弧菌双重微流控荧光定量PCR快速检测技术的建立与应用          下载免费PDF全文

李昊  张铭洋  于永翔  王印庚  张正  马翠萍  陈夫山 《渔业科学进展》2023,44(3):235-244

急性肝胰腺坏死病(AHPND)是对虾养殖过程中最常见、最严重的疾病,给对虾养殖造成重大经济损失。AHPND病原种类多、基因型复杂,现有的针对不同病原的检测技术目标导向较弱、检测成本高、时间消耗长,对虾健康养殖亟待开发AHPND的精准快速诊断技术。本研究针对AHPND病原体携带编码一种二元毒素pirA和pirB大型质粒的遗传共性,基于pirA和pirB基因设计特异性引物并建立微流控荧光定量PCR检测方法。该方法对致病基因pirA和pirB特异性强、灵敏度高,最低检测限分别为5.43×10⁰和4.31×10¹ copies/μL,样品平均检测时间为26min左右。为进一步评估该方法在实际应用中的准确性,以含有pirA和pirB毒性质粒的副溶血弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus)进行人工感染实验。结果表明,感染后的凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)鳃丝、肝胰腺、肠道和肌肉等组织随时间的推迟均能检测到pirA和pirB;从感染2h的结果来看,pirB比pirA检出率更高。此外,致病因子pirA和pirB比toxR...  相似文献   

Dynamic stock model for analysing semi‐intensive production of whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus (Penaeus) vannamei affected by the acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease: Assessment of disease severity indicators and relationships with pond water quality parameters     

Nallely Estrada‐Perez  Javier M. J. Ruiz‐Velazco  Francisco J. Magallon‐Barajas  Angel I. Campa‐Cordova  Alfredo Hernndez‐Llamas 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(1):242-254

The production of Litopenaeus vannamei was analysed when affected by the acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease using a dynamic stock model and primary data of seven production cycles from a shrimp farm in Mexico from 2013 to 2016. Significant results (p < .05) of the correlation analysis indicated that during those years mortalities by the disease were more severe when water salinity was high and productivity was low. Significant results from ANOVA showed that throughout the period, disease severity and salinity diminished while pond productivity initially declined but subsequently improved. Significant results from regression analyses conducted for each production cycle also indicated the importance of salinity and productivity on disease severity and showed that early mortality by the disease occurred in ponds with warmer water. Within the observed range of water quality parameters, increases of 1 cm in water transparency and 1 g/L in salinity resulted in increments within 0.17%–0.25% and 1.7%–3.1% in shrimp mortality by the disease. When increases of 1°C in water temperature were recorded, outbreaks occurred 0.2–1.57 weeks earlier. In conclusion, the disease strongly determines the dynamics of shrimp production, and the role of salinity, productivity and temperature is worthy of further delving.  相似文献   

凡纳滨对虾感染致急性肝胰腺坏死病副溶血弧菌(VpAHPND)的定量分析          下载免费PDF全文

陈蒙蒙  董宣  邱亮  万晓媛  谢国驷  黄倢 《渔业科学进展》2018,39(4):93-100

对虾急性肝胰腺坏死病(Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease, AHPND)是由致AHPND副溶血弧菌(AHPND-causing Vibrio parahaemolyticus, VpAHPND)携带的pVA1-like质粒所表达的PirAVp和PirBVp毒力蛋白对对虾肝胰腺的急性毒性所致。本研究用2.19×105 CFU/ml VpAHPND分离株20130629002S01对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)进行浸泡感染,于感染后2~9 d采集对虾的肝胰腺、鳃、肠道、肌肉组织,采用实时荧光定量PCR方法,检测各组织中的pirAVp拷贝数。结果显示,感染后凡纳滨对虾各组织均能检测到pirAVp,其中,肝胰腺在感染后第4天达到峰值, 为8.71×104 copies/mg,而鳃、肌肉、肠道分别在第3、4、5天达到峰值,分别为9.08×103、2.59×104、5.76×104 copies/mg。早期感染鳃组织中先出现VpAHPND的富集,在高死亡发生期,VpAHPND数量在肝胰腺和肠道出现高峰,在死亡数量逐渐下降的后期,各组织的VpAHPND均快速下降,肠道、肝胰腺和肌肉中的VpAHPND水平趋于接近。对虾肝胰腺组织病理切片显示,同一时间有临床症状的病虾和濒死对虾相比,濒死对虾表现出更严重的AHPND病理特征,且二者的组织病理特征均随着感染时间的延长变得更为严重,但检测到的VpAHPND数量呈下降趋势。研究表明,在VpAHPND感染过程中,组织中的pirAVp基因数量不能代表对虾的发病程度,发病程度及组织病理严重的AHPND样品中VpAHPND的数量不一定处于高水平状态。  相似文献