不同AM真菌菌种对番茄生长发育的影响   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

朱红惠  姚青  羊宋贞 《中国蔬菜》2005,1(2):9-11

在育苗盘中对番茄接种 5种AM真菌菌种,比较不同菌种对移栽后番茄的营养生长和生殖生长的影响。结果表明, 5个菌种对番茄的生物量有不同程度的促进作用,生物量最高可以提高 97. 2 %;开花数也因接种处理而增加; 5个菌种都能提高番茄对磷的吸收,但对氮和钾营养的促进效果并不一致。综合来看,Glomusmosseae、Glomusversiforme和Glomuscalceondium对番茄的生长发育有较好的促进作用。  相似文献   

DRM技术在AM广播中的应用简介     

《科技视界》2016,(7)

我国的广播电视无线传输覆盖包括卫星传输覆盖,微波地面传输,中、短波发射覆盖,电视调频发射覆盖以及未来的直播卫星覆盖和双向的数字电视、数字音频(多媒体)地面覆盖。传统的AM短波广播数字化播出,是未来AM广播的发展方向。DRM广播由于改善了收听质量,并可提供数据增值服务,因而大大提高了AM广播的市场竞争力,它是AM广播今后发展的必然趋势。  相似文献   

不同pH条件下接种菌根真菌对柑橘砧木苗生长及光合效应的影响     

牛琳琳  高崇  曾明  李伟  雷世梅  伍加勇 《中国果业信息》2012,41(5)

本文以枳橙（Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck譸oncirus trifoliate (L.)）为试验材料,利用盆栽试验,研究不同pH条件下接种丛枝菌根(Arbuscular mycorrhiza)真菌摩西球囊霉(Glomus mosseae)对柑橘砧木枳橙苗的生长及植株光合效应的影响。试验选定3个pH范围（pH 5.5~6.5, 6.5~7.5, 7.5~8.5）和接种摩西球囊霉为试验因子,共设6个处理组合,以不同pH条件下未接种摩西球囊霉为对照。采用单株小区,随机区组排列,重复10次。结果表明,接种摩西球囊霉能有效地侵染枳橙植株,菌根侵染率65%以上。试验还发现,处理植株的菌根侵染率和株高、生物量干重均显著高于对照植株,同时,接种AM真菌显著增加了植株叶片叶绿素含量,并显著提高处理植株光合作用速率和蒸腾速率。研究结果表明,接种AM真菌增强了宿主植物对土壤酸碱度的适应性,在酸性和碱性土壤上均能显著提高柑橘的光合效应。  相似文献   

AMF促进植物吸收矿质元素的生理机制及对土壤硫素的影响     

孙子欣  蔡柏岩 《中国农学通报》2020,36(32):49-54

由于人口不断增长,人们要快速得到高产高质粮食的要求迫切,大量使用化肥,导致了有害物质残留,土壤或水污染,土壤板结或某些营养元素相对匮乏等一系列环境问题。丛枝菌根(Arbuscular mycorrhiza, AM)是土壤内常见的共生结构,由AM真菌(AMF)与土壤根系形成。已有研究表明其可通过分泌代谢物,增大根系与土壤接触面积,调节某些土壤元素存在形式等多种途径,影响植物对土壤元素的吸收转运。硫是维持植物生长发育的必需元素之一,可由于植物对S的需要并不如N,P,K大量,现代农业在对土壤进行施肥过程中往往将其忽略,因此土壤缺S正逐渐成为中国农业发展的限制因素。为了解决以上问题,本文将主要对AMF影响植物吸收土壤元素的途径及生理机制进行总结分析。并根据其作用方式特点进一步分析AM共生对植物吸收转运硫素的影响,指出AMF作为生物化肥的可行性,以期为解决现代化肥的替代问题以及土壤缺硫问题提供新的思路。  相似文献   

陕西省武功县葛藤根区AM真菌初步调查     

贺学礼  王庆  陈铁山 《河北农业大学学报》2007,30(3):66-68

通过对陕西省武功县3个葛藤品种根区AM真菌的调查,初步探明了葛藤根区AM真菌资源,为AM真菌在葛藤上的应用提供理论依据。结果表明:AM真菌能与葛藤形成良好的共生关系,不同品种葛藤具有不同的AM真菌生长特性,其定殖率也不相同。总定殖率、泡囊、菌丝定殖率在品种间为:菜葛>粉葛>药葛;丛枝定殖率在品种间为粉葛>药葛>菜葛;孢子密度在品种间为:药葛>粉葛>菜葛。葛藤根区AM真菌资源丰富,土样中AM真菌多为球囊霉属(Glomus),也有少数无梗囊霉属(Acaulospora)和盾巨囊霉属(Scutellospora)的种类。已鉴定出AM真菌20种,其中球囊霉属13种,无梗囊霉属6种,盾巨囊霉属1种。  相似文献   

设施大棚间作玉米对丛枝菌根网络形成及辣椒疫病防治的影响     

刘一凡  侯劭炜  胡君利  蔡鹏  李明慧  吴福勇  林先贵 《土壤学报》2022,59(5):1378-1385

丛枝菌根（Arbuscular mycorrhizal,AM）真菌对辣椒疫病等土传病害具有生防潜力,但由于难以纯培养而未能实现规模化生产应用,如能调动土著AM真菌的抑病功能则对实际生产具有重要指导意义。依托重庆石柱辣椒科技园,研究设施大棚中间作玉米对土著AM真菌生长及辣椒疫病防治的影响。结果表明,与辣椒单作相比,间作玉米处理辣椒根系AM真菌侵染率、根际AM真菌数量与土壤磷酸酶活性以及小区作物养分总吸收量均显著提高,辣椒疫病发病率与病情指数、单株辣椒的磷吸收量及果实生物量均显著下降,其中种植密度更高的等垄宽间作处理两种作物根系AM真菌侵染率、小区玉米产量及作物养分总吸收量均显著高于等行距间作处理,辣椒疫病发病率与之正好相反。设施环境下间作玉米或能通过促进AM真菌生长及其对辣椒根系的侵染来增强其对辣椒疫病的防治功效,其中等垄宽间作处理具有更好的经济效益。  相似文献   

Effects of tillage systems on soil characteristics, glomalin and mycorrhizal propagules in a Chilean Ultisol     

F. Borie  R. Rubio  J.L. Rouanet  A. Morales  G. Borie  C. Rojas 《Soil & Tillage Research》2006,88(1-2):253-261

Tillage affects the soil physical and chemical environment in which soil microorganisms live, thereby affecting their number, diversity and activity. However, soil disturbance generally has the greatest impact on biological properties, including both free and symbiotic fungal populations. Interest in more ecologically sustainable agricultural systems is rising with increasing recognition that agricultural intensification can adversely affect environmental quality. This paper discusses the effect of tillage system on some soil characteristics, such as pH, C, N and S levels, total and Olsen-P contents including some P forms associated with organic matter, glomalin contents and arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) parameters, such as root colonization, spore number and total and active hyphal length. Measurements were in the sixth year of an on-going tillage-rotation experiment conducted on an Ultisol under no-till (NT), reduced tillage (RT) and conventional tillage with stubble mixed into the soil (CTS) or stubble burnt (CTB). Soil was sampled at two dates; after wheat (Triticum aestivum) harvest (autumn) and 6 months after subsequent grassland seeding (spring). Higher C, N, S, total P and fulvic acid-P concentrations and pH occurred under NT and RT than under CTS and CTB after wheat harvest. However, results at the second sampling were not consistent. AM spore number and active hyphal length were highest under NT having the greatest incidence on AM root colonization and P concentration in shoots of the pasture. Glomalin concentration was higher under NT and RT than under CTS and CTB but no differences in calculated glomalin to total C (ca. 5%) were found. It is concluded that a less disruptive effect of NT influences positively all soil characteristics and also increases P acquisition by the following crop in the rotation system.  相似文献   

类黄酮对AM真菌侵染菌丝生长及酶活性的影响          下载免费PDF全文

董昌金  姚发兴  赵斌 《土壤学报》2006,43(3):473-477

类黄酮（hesperitin）能显著促进AM真菌[Glomus intraradices（G.i）、Acaulospora laevis（A.l）、G.i＋A.l]对宿主植物（玉米、棉花）根段的侵染,提高菌丝琥珀酸脱氢酶（Succinate dehydrogenase,SDH）和碱性磷酸酶（Alkaline phosphatase,ALP）的活性.当用15 nmol L^-1、150 nmol L^-1、1.5 μmol L^-1类黄酮处理时,第6周取样,G.i对玉米根段的侵染率分别为76.2%、84.5%、75.8%（对照为45.9%）,菌丝SDH酶活性分别为68.4%、75.9%、67.4%（对照为40.7%）,菌丝ALP酶活性分别为45.8%、51.4%、45.1%（对照为27.1%）;G.i对棉花根段的侵染率分别为85.2%、88.9%、83.8%（对照为59.8%）,菌丝SDH酶活性分别为76.8%、81.2%、75.0%（对照为53.1%）,菌丝ALP酶活性分别为51.2%、53.7%、49.4%（对照为35.2%）.同时,类黄酮能显著增加土壤中AM真菌菌丝的总量,对宿主植物（玉米、棉花）的生物量也有一定的影响.  相似文献   

Source of mycorrhizal inoculum influences growth of Faidherbia albida seedlings     

Emiru Birhane  Mengsteab Hailemariam  Girmay Gebresamuel  Tesfay Araya  Kiros Meles Hadgu  Lindsey Norgrove 《林业研究》2020,31(1):313-323

Poor land use management and practice inhibit the growth and establishment of tree seedlings in dryland areas.We assessed arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AM)status of Faidherbia albida(Del.)A.Chev.trees grown on different land uses.We quantified the growth and nutrient uptake of F.albida seedlings inoculated with AM from different sources.These efforts were based on soil and fine root samples from the rhizosphere soils of F.albida trees.AM root colonization was determined using the gridline intersect method.Spores were extracted by the wet sieving and decanting method and identified to genus level.The seedling experiment had a completely randomized onefactorial design with four treatments and five replications.Faidherbida albida seedlings were grown in a greenhouse.All in situ F.albida trees were colonized by AM fungi.AM root colonization of F.albida trees was significantly higher(P<0.0086)in area exclosures than on lands used for grazing or cultivation.Spore abundance was significantly higher(P<0.0014)in area exclosures followed by cultivated land and grazing land.Glomus was the dominant genus in all land-uses.AM-inoculated F.albida seedlings grew better(P<0.05)than non-inoculated controls.Seedlings inoculated with AM from area exclosure had significantly(P<0.05)higher growth and nutrient uptake than those inoculated with AM from grazing and cultivated land.This emphasizes the importance of the native soil AM potential for better establishment of seedlings to achieve optimum plant growth improvement and assist in rehabilitation of degraded arid lands.  相似文献   

茶叶中多酚类物质抗氧化活性的量子化学计算研究     

唐华明  蔡伦红  李惠君  王孝仕  孟庆  周守叙  姚永宏 《南方农业》2012,(7):7-13

抗氧化剂活性的评价是医药、保健、食品和化妆品等领域研究的热点课题。本文以茶叶中的多酚类物质为研究对象,采用AM1法对多酚类物质的抗氧化活性进行了量子化学计算。结果表明,通过比较生成热(HOF)值可以直接表征多酚类物质的抗氧化活性,即HOF值越低,多酚类的抗氧化活性越强。同时,本文对多酚类物质的抗氧化机理提出了新的观点:在多酚类物质的抗氧化过程中,酚羟基、氢原子和醇羟基都发挥了抗氧化作用。  相似文献