UV-absorbing compounds and susceptibility of weedy species to UV-B radiation   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

QIUJIE DAI  NANCY H. FURNESS  MAHESH K. UPADHYAYA 《Weed Biology and Management》2004,4(2):95-102

Stratospheric ozone (O₃) depletion has led to increased terrestrial ultraviolet‐B (UV‐B) radiation (290–320 nm). Leaves exposed to this radiation produce UV‐absorbing compounds in the epidermal cells, which protect plants from UV‐B damage. To determine the role of UV‐absorbing compounds in the UV‐B sensitivity of weeds (common chickweed (Stellaria media), downy brome (Bromus tectorum), green smartweed (Polygonum scabrum), redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus), spotted cat’s‐ear (Hypochoeris radicata), and stork’s‐bill (Erodium cicutarium)) seedlings were exposed to 0, 4 (field ambient), 7 (18% O₃ depletion) and 11 (37% O₃ depletion) kJ m^?2 d^?1 of biologically effective UV‐B radiation in a greenhouse. Ultraviolet‐absorbing compounds were extracted from the second true‐leaf (0.5 cm² samples) with methanol : distilled water : HCl (79 : 20 : 1) in an 85°C water bath for 15 min, and the absorbance of the extracts measured at 300 nm. The shoot dry biomass was recorded to determine the susceptibility to UV‐B radiation. Common chickweed was the most sensitive and green smartweed the least sensitive weed to UV‐B radiation. The latter accumulated more UV‐absorbing compounds and this accumulation occurred earlier compared with common chickweed. As UV‐B_BE radiation levels increased from 0 to 11 kJ m^?2 d^?1, the green smartweed shoot biomass did not decline. However, the biomass of all five susceptible species declined despite an increase in the UV‐absorbing compounds in response to increased UV‐B radiation. Therefore, formation of a ‘UV‐screen’ in these species is not sufficient to fully prevent UV‐B damage. When the concentration of UV‐absorbing compounds in the six species was plotted against their susceptibility to UV‐B radiation, no relationship was observed. Thus, while the accumulation of UV‐absorbing compounds may be a major factor in the protection of certain species against UV‐B radiation and may offer some degree of defence in other species, it does not explain UV‐B susceptibility differences in weedy species in general.  相似文献   

云南籽粒苋种质资源的表型多样性分析     

王艳青  卢文洁  李春花  尹桂芳  孙道旺  洪波  王莉花 《中国农学通报》2020,36(18):44-54

为了系统分析云南籽粒苋种质资源的表型遗传多样性。采用遗传多样性指数、主成分分析、相关分析和聚类分析对104份云南籽粒苋种质资源的30个表型性状进行研究。结果表明,遗传多样性指数最高的质量性状和数量性状分别是主花序形状(1.68)和主花序长度(2.07)。前10个主成分累计贡献率达到73.944%,单株鲜体重与第3、第6、第9主成分极显著正相关,单株粒重与第9主成分极显著正相关。聚类分析将104份种质划分为5类,第Ⅰ类群可为间套种亲本材料,第Ⅱ和Ⅲ类群可为大粒亲本材料,第Ⅳ类群可为优质饲用亲本材料,第Ⅴ类群可为观赏类亲本材料。云南籽粒苋种质资源表型性状具有丰富的遗传多样性,有较大的开发利用潜力。  相似文献   

过氧化钙对苋菜常温活体保鲜效果的影响     

张倩  李军生  黄国霞  阎柳娟 《湖北农业科学》2013,52(1):174-176

向营养液中添加过氧化钙,考察其对苋菜(A maranthus tricolor L.)常温活体保鲜效果的影响.结果表明,与不添加过氧化钙的处理相比,0.025、0.100、0.250 g/L过氧化钙处理均能极显著延长苋菜的货架期,并延缓苋菜含水量、叶绿素、可溶性糖和维生素C含量的降低;其中以0.100 g/L过氧化钙的保鲜效果最佳.  相似文献   

GNA和ACA双价转基因烟草培育及其抗蚜研究     

杨彩峰  李刚强  王楠  刘德虎 《中国农业科技导报》2019,21(4):35-41

蚜虫是一种常见的农作物害虫,作为多种植物病毒的载体而成为影响农业发展的重要害虫之一,对蚜虫的防治一直是众多科学工作者所面对的难题。构建了雪花莲凝集素(GNA)和苋菜凝集素(ACA)双价植物表达载体pBI121-GA,在农杆菌介导下,叶盘法转化烟草NC89,得到卡那霉素抗性植株65株。通过基因组PCR、ELISA、RT-PCR和Western-blot等分子生物学检测,从中筛选出外源凝集素不同表达水平的转基因烟草5株。对筛选出的5株转基因烟草植株进行初步蚜虫抗性实验,证实转基因烟草对桃蚜表现出一定的抗性,最高抑制率达85.8%,为农作物双价抗蚜基因的应用研究提供一定的理论基础。  相似文献   

Long-term tillage and crop rotation effects on weed seedbank size and composition   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5  

P Bàrberi  & B Lo Cascio 《Weed Research》2001,41(4):325-340

Size and composition of the weed seedbank was assessed after 12 years of application of four tillage systems in two crop rotations. Mouldboard and chisel ploughing at 45 cm, minimum tillage at 15 cm and no tillage were compared in continuous winter wheat and a pigeon bean/winter wheat 2-year rotation. Weed control was based upon post-emergence herbicide application. Weed seedling emergence from soil samples taken at 0–15, 15–30 and 30–45 cm depths was assessed in a non-heated glasshouse for 12 months. The tillage system influenced weed seedbank size and composition to a much greater extent than crop rotation. Total weed seedling density was higher in no tillage, minimum tillage and chisel ploughing plots in the 0–15, 15–30 and 30–45 cm layers respectively. Density in the whole (0–45 cm) layer did not differ significantly among tillage systems. With no tillage, more than 60% of the total seedlings emerged from the surface layer, compared with an average 43% in the other tillage systems. Crop rotation did not influence either weed seedbank size or seedling distribution among soil layers, and only had a small influence on major species abundance. The weed seedbank was dominated (>66%) by Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq. and Amaranthus retroflexus (L.), which thrived in chisel ploughing and no tillage respectively. Results suggested that crop rotation and substitution of mouldboard ploughing by non-inversion tillage (especially by minimum tillage) would not result in increased weed problems, whereas use of no tillage might increase weed infestations because of higher seedling recruitment from the topsoil.  相似文献   

两种喷雾助剂对氟磺胺草醚在反枝苋上的 吸收和药效的影响     

卢向阳  徐筠 《农药学学报》2006,8(2):162-166

采用14C-氟磺胺草醚同位素标记法研究了喷雾助剂JFC 和ABS(十二烷基苯磺酸钠)对14C-氟磺胺草醚在反枝苋上的吸收和药效的影响。结果表明,在药液中添加2 g/L的JFC ,反枝苋对14C-氟磺胺草醚的吸收面积可增加1.4倍,吸收量增加3.2倍,药效提高28.5%;添加2 g/L的ABS ,反枝苋对14C-氟磺胺草醚的吸收面积增加1.3倍,吸收量增加1.0倍,药效提高19.2%。JFC不但具有促进药液在反枝苋叶面扩展的能力,还具有促进药剂渗透的能力,当添加2 g/L的JFC 时,反枝苋单位面积吸收强度增加75.7%;ABS基本上不能增加反枝苋单位面积的吸收强度,只具有促进药液扩展的能力。  相似文献   

UV-B radiation increases paraquat tolerance of two broad-leaved and two grass weeds in relation to changes in herbicide absorption and photosynthesis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

S WANG  L DUAN  J LI  X TIAN  & Z LI 《Weed Research》2007,47(2):122-128

Depletion of the protective ozone layer in the atmosphere leads to increasing UV‐B radiation on the earth's surface with potential effects on the response of plants to different stresses. Abutilon theophrasti, Amaranthus retroflexus, Digitaria sanguinalis and Chloris virgata are common weeds encountered in most arable fields in China. The effectiveness of herbicides used in controlling these weeds needs to be evaluated with increased UV‐B radiation. Seedlings of these four weeds were therefore grown under ambient and elevated UV‐B radiation to compare the efficacy of paraquat, a commonly used contact herbicide. Irrespective of species sensitivity to radiation, the elevated UV‐B radiation decreased the effectiveness of paraquat. Net photosynthesis rate was adversely affected except for D. sanguinalis, while the chlorophyll content was significantly reduced in A. retroflexus and C. virgata. UV‐B treatment increased the leaf surface wax and decreased the absorption of ¹⁴C‐paraquat in A. theophrasti, D. sanguinalis and C. virgata. These results suggest that the response of weeds to paraquat or the use of the herbicide may be affected by increased UV‐B radiation, to the extent that larger doses may be required to achieve desired effects. This may have damaging consequences for the environment.  相似文献   

Does soil nitrogen affect early competitive traits of annual weeds in comparison with maize?     

A BERGER  A J MCDONALD  & S J RIHA 《Weed Research》2007,47(6):509-516

Soil nitrogen (N) is considered an important driver of crop‐weed interactions, yet the mechanisms involved have been only partially explored, especially with respect to early‐season growth, when competitive hierarchies are formed. This study characterises the effects of different N levels on biomass accumulation and plant morphology for maize (Zea mays), and four important weed species (Amaranthus retroflexus, Abutilon theophrasti, Setaria faberi, and Chenopodium album). Under glasshouse conditions, plants were grown in separate pots and irrigated with nutrient solution at four N concentrations (0.2, 0.5, 2, 5 μm L⁻¹) until 57 days after emergence. Except for S. faberi, which was unresponsive to N, the relative biomass growth rates (RGR) of maize and the broad‐leaved weeds were positively and similarly affected by increasing nitrogen. At all N levels, maize had a height advantage by virtue of its larger seed size, which conferred early growth benefits independent of RGR. At low N, biomass growth was instrumental to S. faberi’s improved competitive position, whereas height development per unit biomass improved the competitive position of A. theophrasti, C. album and A. retroflexus. The approach presented could be applied to other crop‐weed systems to evaluate environmental impacts on competitive outcomes.  相似文献   

盐碱植物籽粒苋的开发利用     

张秀玲 《安徽农业科学》2007,35(4):1074-1074,1135

介绍了籽粒苋的植物学特征、营养价值、饲喂价值、光合效率及抗性、栽培技术,并且展望了籽粒苋的利用前景.  相似文献   

辽宁省不同地区的反枝苋对氯嘧磺隆抗药性研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

黄媛媛  纪明山 《江西农业学报》2009,21(4)

在辽宁省不同地区的大豆田中采集反枝苋种子,在室内通过琼脂法和茎叶处理法,测定辽宁不同地区反枝苋对氯嘧磺隆的抗性水平差异以及对反枝苋幼苗的影响。试验结果表明:铁岭开源地区的反枝苋,相对抗性比为751;锦州北镇和丹东东港的反枝苋,其相对抗性比分别为294.5、167;不同地区反枝苋敏感性种群和抗性种群幼苗的苗高、根长、植株鲜重的相对毒力倍数和抗性指数均存在一定的差异。  相似文献