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1.
Trees are the dominant species in agroforestry systems, profoundly affecting the performance of understory crops. Proximity to trees is a key factor in crop performance, but rather little information is available on the spatial distribution of yield and yield components of crop species under the influence of trees in agroforestry systems. Also, little information is available on how crop density may be exploited to optimize the yield in such systems. Here we studied the performance of cotton in jujube/cotton agroforestry. Field experiments were conducted in 2012 and 2013 in Hetian, Xinjiang, China. Cotton was grown at a row distance of 60 cm in three densities, 13.5, 18.0 and 22.5 plants m−2 in six m wide paths between tree lines in a jujube plantation. Plant density affected both cotton aboveground dry matter and yield significantly. The highest yield was attained at the intermediate density of 18.0 plants m−2 (20.0 plants m−2 corresponding in sole cotton), lower than the optimal density in sole cotton (25.0 plants m−2). Yield at the lower density was constrained by the low number of bolls per m2 as a direct consequence of the low density, whereas at the high plant density yield was constrained by a lower allocation of assimilates to cotton seed and lint, as a consequence of intraspecific and interspecific competitions. There were strong gradients in yield and yield components in relation to the distance from the tree rows. Leaf area and total dry matter of cotton in rows close to the tree lines were reduced, especially in the rows next to the trees. Moreover, biomass allocation to cotton fruits was reduced in these rows. Competitive influences from the trees on cotton performance extended two rows deep in a six-year old jujube stand, and even three rows deep in a seven-year old stand. Shading effects on cotton yield were compensated by increasing plant density as a result of greater boll numbers per unit ground area. Data from this study help guide the design of optimal plant density of cotton in jujube plantations and give insight in the spatial distribution and dynamics of competitive effects in agroforestry systems in general. 相似文献
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Pestiviruses isolated from sheep and goats in India thus far have been bovine viral diarrhoea virus 1 (BVDV-1) or BVDV-2. During routine genetic typing of pestiviruses in the years 2009-10, border disease virus (BDV) was detected in eight Indian sheep of a flock showing clinical signs of BD by real time RT-PCR. All the samples yielded positive virus isolates in cell culture but were found negative by a BVDV antigen ELISA. A representative BDV isolate was characterized at genetic and antigenic level. Phylogenetic analysis carried out in 5′-UTR, Npro and E2 regions of genome typed the Indian BDV isolate as BDV-3. A more detailed analysis in Npro and entire region coding structural proteins showed that the Npro (168), C (100 aa), Erns (227 aa), E1 (195 aa) and E2 (373 aa) proteins were of size characteristic for BDV reference strain X818. Antigenic differences were evident between the BDV-3 isolate and previously reported BDV-1, BDV-5 and BDV-7 strains. Although origin of BDV-3 in India is not clear, the results reflect probable introduction through trade in sheep between India and other countries or BDV-3 may be more widely distributed. Additionally, this study suggests that for diagnosis of BDV infection, the commercial BVDV Ag-ELISA should be used with caution. This is the first identification of BDV in sheep in India which highlights the need for continued pestivirus surveillance and assessing its impact on sheep and goat production. 相似文献
3.
Theodore B. Mayaka 《Forest Ecology and Management》1994,70(1-3):275-283
This paper introduces a family of four segmented (or grafted) polynomial functions for modelling the decrease in the diameter of Ayous (Triplochiton scleroxylon K. Schum) with distance from the border of the plantation. The functions, each comprising two segments of second degree or less, were fitted to data collected in the Cameroon rain forest. A comparative assessment of the fit was carried out using criteria such as mean deviation, root mean squared deviation, and fit index.
The border effect extended to 10 m inside the plantation where a 50% decrease in diameter occurred. Beyond that distance, the diameter appeared to be stable except for random variation. The estimated functions performed equally well as they all provided a good fit to the data, with a small bias. Most importantly, they proved to be flexible and thus adaptable to a wide variety of situations.
Recommendations are made concerning setting up a guard area and ways of improving the silviculture of Ayous. Also, the possibilities for an agrisilvipastoral system are explored. 相似文献
4.
远志保护地栽培技术研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
1999~2000年在山西省运城市对远志大拱棚栽培与露地栽培进行了比较试验。结果表明,大拱棚远志栽培方式明显延长当年有效生长期,远志鲜根和种子的产量均比露地方式显著增产1~2倍。大拱棚栽培方式是远志增产增收的一项好技术,宜向生产推广。 相似文献
5.
地处西南边疆民族地区的云南农业大学始终以服务"三农"为己任,扎根农业生产第一线,不断探索校地合作新模式,创造性地开展了"3+3"校县联合行动。文章详细阐述了"双向互动、立体合作"科教兴农"3+3"校县联合行动合作模式,论述了"3+3"校县联合行动的创新实践、合作共赢以及取得的实效,进而得出"3+3"校县联合行动是推进边疆民族县域农业科学发展的一个成功模式,是符合边疆民族区域农业农村特点的融科研、教育、推广为一体的兴农实践。 相似文献
6.
皖南红黄壤地区水稻氮磷施用技术的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
试验结果表明:氮磷能促进水稻的生长发育和提高产量.通过建立肥料效应函数方程式和经济效益评价,得出最佳施肥量为氮每亩7.5-9.0公斤,磷每亩4.0～5.0公斤.氮肥全层混施的处理,氮素利用率、产量要比撒施处理的高.无机有机配合施用,要考虑有机肥料的碳氮比. 相似文献
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: Sera from 1,448 adult ewes in 91 flocks, representing all 26 counties in the Republic of Ireland, were examined for pestivirus antibodies using a commercially available ELISA which detected IgG1 antibody to border disease virus. Eighty-one sheep (5.6%) in 42 flocks (46.0%) were antibody-positive. Within infected flocks, the mean seroprevalence level was 11.4% with a range of 6.3% to 30.0%. The highest antibody prevalence was detected in sheep from central lowland counties of Ireland. Comparative neutralisation testing of 42 ELISA-positive sera detected geometric mean antibody titres of 136 to the NADL strain of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV), 92 to the Moredun strain of border disease virus and 21 to the 137/4 strain of border disease virus. These results suggest that BVDV may be the major ruminant pestivirus infecting sheep in Ireland. Although there are high numbers of infected flocks, many sheep within such flocks remain antibody-negative and are at risk of giving birth to lambs with congenital border disease. 相似文献
9.
本实验室从安徽某羊场发生腹泻的山羊病料中检测分离到边界病病毒（borderdiseasevirus,BDV）,证明BDV在我国羊群中存在。为了进一步了解BDV在江苏羊群的流行情况,本研究收集江苏部分地区发生腹泻和健康羊群的血清和组织样品,采用RT—PCR方法进行检测,并对阳性样品进行病毒的分离鉴定,测定分离毒株5’-UTR基因片段,与其他已报道的毒株进行同源性比较并绘制进化树。结果表明有27．4％（29／106）样品呈阳性,不N羊场BDV阳性率为0～67％,共分离到4株不同的BDV毒株,它们之间的同源性为73．9％～95．6％,而与其他BDV毒株的同源性为66．2％～91．6％。进化分析表明AH12-02与其他各毒株均较远,形成单独的分支,另3个毒株与BDV3型毒株关系最近。采用ELISA试剂盒对血清样品BDV抗体进行检测发现不同羊场抗体阳性率存在较大差异（0～100%）,还有抗体阴性持续感染个体的存在。以上结果丰富了我国BDV分子流行病学数据,为进一步探索BDV在我国羊群中的流行情况奠定了基础。 相似文献
10.
通过分析我国边境地区农牧业发展的现状、问题及发展形势,提出了边境地区农牧业发展能力提升战略,明确了推进我国边境地区农牧业发展的基本思路、主要目标、重点工程及战略措施。 相似文献