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R.E. Olsen A. Kiessling J.E. Milley N.W. Ross S.P. Lall 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2005,250(3-4):804-812
A study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary lipid and bile acids on astaxanthin absorption in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). Fish with an average weight of 1500 g were fitted with a dorsal aorta cannula and fed diets containing herring oil, soybean lecithin, lard, or herring oil supplemented with taurocholic acid (2.5 g/kg diet). Each fish was fed all of the experimental diets in successive order to minimize the effect of individual variation. At a given time following the feeding of each diet, blood was collected and analyzed for astaxanthin. Soybean lecithin significantly lowered the absorption of astaxanthin compared to fish fed herring oil. A 20% (p < 0.12) increase in blood astaxanthin was observed when the fish were fed the diet supplemented with taurocholic acid. Feeding lard significantly increased the blood astaxanthin level compared to the control group. It appears that altering the micellar structure by stimulating micellar (taurocholic acid) or mixed micellar (lecithin) systems did not increase the apparent absorption of astaxanthin. However, increasing the phospholipid level may have actually decreased the absorption possibly by lowering the astaxanthin solubility in the micelles. The increased apparent absorption of astaxanthin with lard is possibly linked to the increased content of 16:0, 18:1n − 9 or 18:2n − 6 fatty acids in this diet, or a reduction in very long chain monoenes (20:1n − 9 and 22:1n − 9). This suggests that the solubility of astaxanthin is higher in diets containing higher levels of 16:0 or 18:1n − 1, or alternatively, that reductions in longer chain monoenes (20:1n − 9 and 22:1n − 9) increase the micellar solubility of this pigment. 相似文献
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Carsten Pedersen Sigurd Boisen 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Sciences》2013,63(3):121-140
Literature data on apparent ileal digestibility of crude protein (CP) and amino acids in pigs from 79 references (203 observations) including 13 different common feedstuffs, and other data on basal endogenous ileal loss of CP and amino acids from 32 references (36 observations) were analysed statistically. The analyses revealed that the cannulation method as well as the method for determining endogenous ileal losses of CP and amino acids affected the results. After correction for these effects a new set of tabulated values for apparent and standardized ileal digestibility of crude protein and essential amino acids was generated. The results were in most cases in good agreement with three recently published tables for standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in feedstuffs. Therefore, it was concluded that the data obtained in the present work, together with those given in the recently published tables, would be a suitable basis for a general table for standardized ileal digestibility of CP and amino acids in common feedstuffs for pigs. 相似文献
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Kristina Eriksson Elizabeth McInnes Susanna Ryan Paul Tonks Ian McConnell Barbara Blacklaws 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》1999,70(3-4):173-187
T-cells have been implicated both, in promoting and reducing viral replication during lentivirus infection. CD8+ lymphocytes are believed to be important in controlling viral load through direct killing of virus-infected cells and by secretion of inhibitory chemokines and cytokines. To evaluate the role of CD8+ T-cells in the induction and control of the primary phase of a lentivirus infection, we have used a non-T-cell tropic lentivirus, maedi-visna virus (MVV), to study the initial pathogenesis and subsequent immune responses in sheep depleted in vivo of CD8+ cells. Sheep were depleted of CD8+ cells in both blood and efferent lymph for up to 14 days. No difference in MVV replication was observed in either the draining efferent lymph or lymph node of these sheep. Surprisingly, these animals displayed a normal induction of pCTL whereas the virus-specific proliferative responses were reduced. This could reflect either that a proportion of functional CD8+ lymphocytes remained in these animals, as suggested by the appearance of pCTLs, or that CD8+ cells are not required for control of primary MVV infection. 相似文献
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