Fungal and bacterial N2O production regulated by soil amendments of simple and complex substrates     

《Soil biology & biochemistry》2015

Fungal N₂O production results from a respiratory denitrification that reduces NO₃⁻/NO₂⁻ in response to the oxidation of an electron donor, often organic C. Despite similar heterotrophic nature, fungal denitrifiers may differ from bacterial ones in exploiting diverse resources. We hypothesized that complex C compounds and substances could favor the growth of fungi over bacteria, and thereby leading to fungal dominance for soil N₂O emissions. Effects of substrate quality on fungal and bacterial N₂O production were, therefore, examined in a 44-d incubation after soils were amended with four different substrates, i.e., glucose, cellulose, winter pea, and switchgrass at 2 mg C g⁻¹ soil. During periodic measurements of soil N₂O fluxes at 80% soil water-filled pore space and with the supply of KNO₃, substrate treatments were further subjected to four antibiotic treatments, i.e., no antibiotics or soil addition of streptomycin, cycloheximide or both so that fungal and bacterial N₂O production could be separated. Up to d 8 when antibiotic inhibition on substrate-induced microbial activity and/or growth was still detectable, bacterial N₂O production was generally greater in glucose- than in cellulose-amended soils and also in winter pea- than in switchgrass-amended soils. In contrast, fungal N₂O production was more enhanced in soils amended with cellulose than with glucose. Therefore, fungal-to-bacterial contribution ratios were greater in complex than in simple C substrates. These ratios were positively correlated with fungal-to-bacterial activity ratios, i.e., CO₂ production ratios, suggesting that substrate-associated fungal or bacterial preferential activity and/or growth might be the cause. Considering substrate depletion over time and thereby becoming limited for microbial N₂O production, measurements of soil N₂O fluxes were also carried out with additional supply of glucose, irrespective of different substrate treatments. This measurement condition might lead to potentially high rates of fungal and bacterial N₂O production. As expected, bacterial N₂O production was greater with added glucose than with added cellulose on d 4 and d 8. However, this pattern was broken on d 28, with bacterial N₂O production lower with added glucose than with added cellulose. In contrast, plant residue impacts on soil N₂O fluxes were consistent over 44-d, with greater bacterial contribution, lower fungal contribution, and thus lower fungal-to-bacterial contribution ratios in winter pea- than in switchgrass-amended soils. Real-time PCR analysis also demonstrated that the ratios of 16S rDNA to ITS and the copy numbers of bacterial denitrifying genes were greater in winter pea- than in switchgrass-amended soils. Despite some inconsistency found on the impacts of cellulose versus glucose on fungal and bacterial leading roles for N₂O production, the results generally supported the working hypothesis that complex substrates promoted fungal dominance for soil N₂O emissions.  相似文献   

玉米秸秆降解真菌的筛选鉴定     

张艳萍  赵瑛  张运晖 《甘肃农业科技》2022,53(5):55-59

为筛选适宜的玉米秸秆纤维素降解菌株作为玉米秸秆腐熟菌剂菌株资源储备,通过采用腐殖玉米秸秆土壤微生物培养筛选、刚果红水解圈测试及酶活测定等多种方法的应用,筛选得到2株具有纤维降解能力的真菌1#菌株和2#菌株。经形态学和分子生物学鉴定,初步确定1#菌株为长枝木霉,2#菌株为聚多曲霉。真菌1#菌株和2#菌株在刚果红培养基上均呈现比生长圈大2倍的水解圈。2个菌株在液体、固体2种酶液发酵情况下均表现内切酶活较强（65.202～217.614 U/mL）,均高于外切酶活（55.398～85.322 U/mL）和滤纸酶活（46.074～141.366U/mL）,认为这2个菌株可作为玉米秸秆专用腐熟菌剂研发的储备菌株。  相似文献   

姬松茸碳源利用规律的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

梁志英  孟俊龙  刘靖宇  常明昌 《山西农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2007,27(1):79-81

试验采用麦秸培养基,系统研究了姬松茸在生长期间对碳源的利用规律。结果表明,姬松茸降解的有机物质绝大部分被菌体的呼吸过程消耗掉,绝对生物学效率较低;在菌丝生长阶段,木质素的降解速率大于纤维素和半纤维素,这对纤维素和半纤维素的降解十分有利;非木质纤维素组分在菌丝生长阶段被主要利用,而木质纤维素则是子实体生长阶段的主要碳源。且就整个栽培过程而言,姬松茸生长发育所需要的79.86%的碳源来自木质纤维素。  相似文献   

黑曲霉发酵玉米秸秆产纤维素酶的研究     

张福元  宋燕青  程文晓  乔君毅 《山西农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2009,29(3)

为了优化霉菌产酶条件,获得较可靠的酶活性测定结果,采用两种酶活性测定方法,选用黑曲霉菌株,在配料中添加磷酸二氢钾等单因素试验的基础上,又进行了复因素试验,选出黑曲霉产纤维素酶的最佳添加物组合,最后测定发酵物的主要营养成分。结果表明,玉米秸秆中加入1.8倍的水,添加磷酸二氢钾0.25%、硫酸铵1.00%~1.25%、蔗糖0.50%,可以使黑曲霉菌株产CMCase、FPase酶活性达到最高;玉米秸秆经黑曲霉菌株发酵后粗蛋白提高了1.2倍,而粗纤维、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维分别下降了34%、19%和23%左右;利用CMCase、FPase酶活性两种方法评价黑曲霉菌株产纤维素酶的能力是可行的,整个实验中从CMCase法和FPase法得出的结论基本一致,且FPase法操作步骤简单,成本低,较CMCase法精确度高。  相似文献   

中性纤维素酶整理牛仔布的工艺优化   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

蔡金涛  焦聪  崔琰  杨佳颖  陈红漫  阚国仕 《辽宁农业科学》2011,(3):12-15

根据芽孢杆菌M01-ZL-110所产纤维素酶的酶系组成及酶学性质特点,将该菌株发酵所产纤维素酶酶液应用于牛仔布的整理工艺。以减量率为试验评价指标,通过正交试验对加酶量、温度、整理时间及pH值等参数进行优化。试验结果表明由芽孢杆菌M01-ZL-110制备的中性纤维素酶对牛仔布酶洗整理的最佳条件为：30 m l的溶液体系中酶液加入量为20 m l,pH为6,温度为60℃,整理时间是60 m in,并且对牛仔布表面进行了酶洗前后扫描电镜观察比较。  相似文献   

产纤维素酶菌株对烟叶纤维素和可溶性总糖的影响     

王炜  薛桥丽  杜丽娟 《安徽农业科学》2012,(30):14937-14939

[目的]探讨产纤维素酶菌株(Bacillus subtilis)对烟叶纤维素和可溶性总糖的影响。[方法]以产纤维素酶Bacillus subtilis-89(BS-89)菌株对烟叶进行发酵,研究不同菌龄、种量、发酵温度和发酵时间对烟叶纤维素和可溶性总糖的影响。[结果]随着接种量、发酵时间和温度的增加,烟叶纤维素含量均呈明显降低的趋势,可溶性总糖含量呈现升高的趋势。不同菌龄对纤维素和可溶性总糖含量也有影响,其中以菌龄48 h的处理组影响最大。[结论]产纤维素酶菌株BS-89能有效降解烟叶中纤维素含量,明显提高可溶性糖的含量。  相似文献   

废弃烟沫堆置发酵有机肥腐熟菌种的分离、筛选和鉴定     

王明旭  江维维  刘艳霞  迟荪琳  石俊雄  李想 《安徽农业科学》2014,(33):11686-11690,11725

[目的]为加速烟草废弃物的资源化利用,筛选适合废弃烟沫快速发酵腐熟的微生物菌种成为资源化利用的重要一环。[方法]利用纤维素刚果红选择性培养基,分别从废弃烟丝、腐熟牛粪、油枯有机肥和味精下脚料等田固体废弃物中分离筛选腐熟菌种,并进行复筛、纯化和鉴定。[结果]共筛得16株腐熟菌株,其中复筛出6株高效菌株分别为F1、F2、F3、N1、N2、W1。经16S r DNA和Biolog鉴定,该6种菌菌株分别为Bacillus subtillis,Bacillus subtillis,Bacillus amyloliquefaciens,Bacillus amyloliquefaciens,Mycobacterium vaccae,Bacillis amyloliquefaciens;纤维素分解能力试验结果表明,6种降解菌对烟沫中纤维素的降解能力为N1F3N2F2F1W1;在烟碱浓度为低浓度0.1%时耐烟碱能力为F2F3=N1W1F1N2,在烟碱浓度为高浓度0.5%时耐烟碱能力为F2F3N1N2W1=F1,同时N1与N2、N1与F1、N1与F2之间没有拮抗作用。[结论]N1与N2复配构成废弃烟沫专用腐熟菌种为最佳选择。  相似文献   

不同纤维素添加量对扬州鹅生长性能和屠宰性能的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张亚俊  杨海明  王志跃 《安徽农业科学》2008,36(13):5453-5455

[目的]探讨纤维素对扬州鹅生长性能和屠宰性能的影响。[方法]在日粮中能量、蛋白质水平等基本一致的情况下,采用单因素4水平设计设置4个纤维素添加量(1.50%、4.50%、7.50%、10.50%),在12周龄时进行屠宰试验,研究不同纤维素添加量对扬州鹅生长性能和屠宰性能的影响。[结果]扬州鹅的日采食量随日粮中纤维素添加量的增加而降低。添加4.50%纤维素的处理组中,扬州鹅的饲料利用率最高。不同纤维素添加量对12周龄扬州鹅屠宰率、半净膛率、全净膛率、胸肌率、腿肌率的影响无显著差异。扬州鹅屠宰率和半净膛率在粗纤维水平为4.50%时出现拐点。[结论]扬州鹅日粮中纤维素的适宜添加量为4.50%。  相似文献   

枣果纤维素酶对裂果发生的影响     

栗现芳  姚瑞  赵瑞华  陈国梁  陈宗礼 《安徽农业科学》2016,(27):65-68

[目的]针对枣裂果问题,探讨枣果纤维素酶对裂果发生的影响。[方法]以陕北主栽品种木枣、骏枣和团枣的不同成熟期枣果的果皮和果肉为材料,采用还原糖法(DNS法),通过酶液提取和酶活性测定,分析不同样品中的纤维素酶活性,探讨不同裂果性品种、不同时期以及枣果不同组织中纤维素酶活性的动态变化趋势。[结果]抗裂性木枣不同成熟期纤维素酶活性变化差异显著,其中脆熟期活性最高;极易裂性骏枣不同时期酶活性变化也呈显著差异,裂果后活性明显下降;较易裂性团枣不同时期酶活性变化差异不显著。不同组织间纤维素酶活性变化趋势基本相同,差异均不显著。不同品种间易裂性骏枣纤维素酶活性高于抗裂性木枣和较易裂性团枣。[结论]易发生裂果的脆熟期酶活性高,抗裂性好,而裂果一旦发生会导致酶活性降低,并且裂果现象的发生与组织间的酶活性变化没有关系。  相似文献   

酶解法提取海藻酸钠研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

杨红霞  李博  窦明 《安徽农业科学》2007,35(12):3661-3662

采用正交实验研究了酶解法提取海藻酸钠的工艺及影响因素,并分析了单因素对酶解反应的影响,从而得出最佳酶解反应条件:缓冲液用量55 ml,pH值5.0,温度45 ℃,反应时间18 h,加酶量90 U/g,此时海藻酸钠浸出量可达2.448 7 g.  相似文献