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Weena Koeypudsa Amararatne Yakupitiyage & Jirasak Tangtrongpiros 《Aquaculture Research》2005,36(6):570-577
Two experiments were conducted at the Asian Institute of Technology, Pathumthani, Thailand to investigate the fate of chlortetracycline (CTC) residue in chicken manure and its effect on integrated chicken–fish farming system. During the first experiment, broiler chickens were raised and CTC residues in their manure were analysed. Chicken fed diets containing 0, 50, 200 and 800 CTC mg kg?1 had CTC residue levels of 0, 0.9, 3.8 and 6.5 CTC ng g?1. Once the diet containing CTC was withdrawn, CTC in the manure dropped to negligible amounts (0, 0, 0.2 and 0.5 CTC ng g?1) within 1 day. Integrated chicken–fish farming systems were simulated during the second experiment to determine the fate of antibiotic residues in chicken manure in aquaculture environment. Chickens were fed a CTC‐free diet and a feed containing CTC at 200 mg kg?1. Ten 4 m3 square concrete tanks (2 × 2 × 1 m) were used for the experiment. Five tanks were fertilized with CTC‐contaminated manure and the remaining five tanks were fertilized with CTC‐free manure at a rate of 100 kg dry matter ha?1 day?1. Sex‐reversed Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) was stocked at 12 fish tank?1 on the 14th day after chicken manure application. The immuno‐radio microbial receptor assay (Charm II test) revealed that edible fish muscle, fish intestinal tract and sediment were contaminated by CTC at rates of 7.21, 22.104 and 1.788 ng g?1, respectively, after 45 days. Chlortetracycline was detected on day 20 in the water column and gradually increased from 0.26 to 12.13 ng g?1. Chlortetracycline residues were not detected in fish or the aquatic environment of the CTC‐free treatment. The results demonstrate the potential for antibiotic residue accumulation in fish and aquatic environment when CTC‐contaminated chicken manure is used for pond fertilization. 相似文献
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通过分析方塔园在园林风格塑造方面的独到之处：“与古为新”的整体立意，宋韵、松江味、现代主义的风格的创造性融合：对方塔园设计的成功原因也做了分析，认为设计者的文化修养是构造出好作品的重要因素。 相似文献
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Investigations on the role of flea antigen in the pathogenesis of German Shepherd dog Pyoderma (GSP)
M.A. Wisselink J.P. Koeman T. S. G. A. M. van den Ingh A. Willemse 《The Veterinary quarterly》2013,33(1):21-28
Summary Skin reaction patterns to the intradermal injection of a whole‐body flea extract were examined in five physically healthy dogs and in 24 dogs with German Shepherd dog Pyoderma (GSP) at 15 and 30 minutes and at 1, 2, 4, 8, 24, 48 and 72 hours after the injection. In 10 out of 24 GSP dogs a positive skin reaction was observed macroscopically after 15 minutes. Delayed reactions at 24 or 48 hours were not observed. In the control group neither immediate nor delayed reactions were observed. The histopathologic skin changes were basically the same in both groups: an initial polymorphonuclear reaction followed by a mononuclear cell reaction. In the GSP dogs, however, these changes occurred earlier and were more prolonged than in the normal dogs. No flea‐antigen‐specific IgGd antibodies could be demonstrated by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. It is concluded that delayed type hypersentitivity to flea antigen does not play a role in the pathogenesis of GSP. Immediate type hypersensitivity may contribute to the disease in some cases. 相似文献
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