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Cesarini C Monreal L Armengou L Delgado MÁ Ríos J Jose-Cunilleras E 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2010,24(6):1490-1497
Background: Coagulopathies detected in horses with gastrointestinal problems seem to be associated with poor outcome. Plasma D‐Dimer concentration is a sensitive test for assessing coagulopathies. Hypothesis: Plasma D‐Dimer concentration tested on admission is related to diagnosis and outcome in horses with colic. Animals: Four hundred and ninety three horses referred for evaluation of abdominal pain. Methods: Prospective observational clinical study. Horses were grouped according to diagnosis (medical and surgical intestinal obstructions, ischemic disorders with and without intestinal resection, enteritis, peritonitis), outcome (survivors, nonsurvivors), and number of coagulopathies (normal profile, 1 or 2 coagulopathies, subclinical disseminated intravascular coagulation [DIC]). Blood samples were collected on admission and plasma D‐Dimer concentration, clotting times (PT and aPTT), and antithrombin activity were determined. Positive likelihood ratios (LR+) were calculated for evaluation of D‐Dimer cut‐off values, which were later tested in a logistic regression model. Results: Horses with enteritis or peritonitis had significantly (P < .001) higher plasma D‐Dimer concentrations and more severe coagulopathies on admission than horses with other diagnoses. Nonsurvivors also had significantly (P < .001) higher plasma D‐Dimer concentrations at presentation than did survivors, and those horses with subclinical DIC on presentation had an odds ratio (OR) 8.6 (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.3–22.5, P < .001) for nonsurvival. Finally, D‐Dimer concentrations >4,000 ng/mL had a LR+ of 5.9 and an OR 8.8 (95% CI, 4.5–17.1, P < .001) for nonsurvival. Conclusion and Clinical Importance: Plasma D‐Dimer concentration measured on admission can be used to facilitate diagnosis and outcome prediction in horses with colic. A potential cut‐off value for nonsurvival was found at approximately 4,000 ng/mL. 相似文献
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Goddard A Schoeman JP Leisewitz AL Nagel SS Aroch I 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2011,40(3):282-292
Envenomation of domestic animals by snakes occurs frequently in certain geographic areas. However, reports describing clinical signs, clinicopathologic abnormalities, therapeutic approaches, and outcomes are sparse. This review summarizes various snake families, venom types associated with harmful snakes, and the significant hematologic, hemostatic, and biochemical abnormalities associated with envenomation. Hematologic abnormalities include RBC membrane abnormalities, hemolysis, hemoconcentration, leukogram changes, and platelet abnormalities, specifically thrombocytopenia. Coagulopathies associated with snake envenomation are well described in human medicine, and many studies have demonstrated properties of venoms that lead to both procoagulation and anticoagulation. As expected, similar abnormalities have been described in domestic animals. Biochemical abnormalities are associated with the effects of venom on tissues such as liver, skeletal and cardiac muscle, vascular endothelium, and kidney as well as effects on protein components and cholesterol. This comprehensive review of clinicopathologic abnormalities associated with envenomation and their relationships to characterized venom constituents should be useful both in the diagnosis and management of envenomation and should serve as a foundation for future research in this field. 相似文献
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Conboy GA 《Veterinary parasitology》2011,176(4):382-389
Angiostrongylus vasorum, French heartworm, is a metastrongloid parasite found in the pulmonary arteries and right ventricle of wild and domestic canids and various other animals. The natural definitive hosts are species of foxes. The geographic distribution of the parasite includes various countries of Europe, Africa, South America, and North America. Angiostrongylosis is considered an emerging disease in dogs in Europe. In North America, autochthonous A. vasorum infection occurs only in the Canadian province of Newfoundland-Labrador. Computer modeling suggests there is a high probability that A. vasorum will spread to other parts of North America and will likely become endemic in the eastern half of the continent and in the states and provinces along the western coast. Animals acquire infection by the ingestion of gastropod or frog intermediate hosts that carry the infective 3rd-stage larvae. Frogs can also serve as paratenic hosts. Definitive antemortem diagnosis is by detection of L(1) in feces, sputum, or bronchoalveolar lavage samples. Baermann fecal examination is the most reliable method for fecal detection. However, false negative results can occur due to the typical erratic/sporadic fecal larval shedding pattern of A. vasorum. Recently, promising new methods for A. vasorum infection diagnosis have been reported involving polymerase chain reaction of blood and fecal samples and a sandwich ELISA for detection of circulating worm excretory/secretory antigen. Current treatment options include moxidectin, milbemycin oxime, and fenbendazole. 相似文献
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M.P. Laurenson K. Hopper M.A. Herrera E.G. Johnson 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2010,24(6):1298-1304
Background: Splenic venous thrombosis (SVT) is usually considered an incidental finding on abdominal ultrasound examination but can indicate the presence of underlying disease. Concurrent disease processes and conditions in dogs with SVT have not been identified previously. Objectives: To identify concurrent diseases and conditions in dogs with SVT. Animals: Eighty dogs with SVT. Methods: Retrospective review. Medical records from 1994 through 2008 were searched for dogs with SVT identified by ultrasound examination. These records were then reviewed for signalment, medical history, clinicopathologic testing, diagnostic imaging, and clinical diagnosis. Results: The most common concurrent conditions were neoplasia (54%), exogenous corticosteroid administration (43%), systemic inflammatory response syndrome (26%), disseminated intravascular coagulation (20%), pancreatitis (18%), and immune‐mediated disease (16%). The most common neoplastic disease was lymphoma, and the most common immune‐mediated disease was immune‐mediated hemolytic anemia. Protein‐losing nephropathy and naturally occurring hyperadrenocorticism were identified in <10% of the dogs. Concurrent splenic infarcts were identified in 33% of dogs, and concurrent portal vein thrombi were found in 18% of dogs. Conclusions: SVT is a sonographic finding of clinical importance, and dogs with SVT can have 1 or more coexisting diseases. 相似文献
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Estrin MA Wehausen CE Jessen CR Lee JA 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2006,20(6):1334-1339
The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics of cats with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), including associated diseases and hemostatic abnormalities, and to identify risk factors for death and treatments that potentially altered outcome. Medical records for cats with DIC from 1990-2004 were evaluated retrospectively. Inclusion criteria were the presence of an underlying disorder associated with DIC and either postmortem examination findings of intravascular fibrin deposition or thrombosis, or both of 2 or more organs or coagulation profiles that meet 3 of 5 criteria: prolonged prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), presence of fibrin degradation products (FDP), low plasma fibrinogen (FIB) concentration, and thrombocytopenia (<160,000 platelets/microL). Signalment, historical data, clinical findings, clinicopathologic data, underlying disorders, management, and outcome were recorded. Forty-six cats fulfilled the criteria for DIC. Cats ranged in age from 7 weeks to 17 years (median, 9 years). Hemorrhage was noted in 7 of 46 cats (15%). Three of 46 cats (7%) survived, whereas 43 of 46 (93%) died or were euthanized. The most common underlying disorders were lymphoma, other forms of neoplasia, pancreatitis, and sepsis. There was no association detected between outcome and signalment; underlying disease; hemorrhage; abnormalities in aPTT, FIB, FDPs, platelet count; transfusion of blood products; and heparin therapy. However, the median PT of nonsurvivors was more prolonged than in survivors (P < .005). DIC in cats can result from a variety of neoplastic, infectious, and inflammatory disorders, and is associated with a high case fatality rate. 相似文献
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