排序方式： 共有55条查询结果，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Size and composition of the weed seedbank was assessed after 12 years of application of four tillage systems in two crop rotations. Mouldboard and chisel ploughing at 45 cm, minimum tillage at 15 cm and no tillage were compared in continuous winter wheat and a pigeon bean/winter wheat 2-year rotation. Weed control was based upon post-emergence herbicide application. Weed seedling emergence from soil samples taken at 0–15, 15–30 and 30–45 cm depths was assessed in a non-heated glasshouse for 12 months. The tillage system influenced weed seedbank size and composition to a much greater extent than crop rotation. Total weed seedling density was higher in no tillage, minimum tillage and chisel ploughing plots in the 0–15, 15–30 and 30–45 cm layers respectively. Density in the whole (0–45 cm) layer did not differ significantly among tillage systems. With no tillage, more than 60% of the total seedlings emerged from the surface layer, compared with an average 43% in the other tillage systems. Crop rotation did not influence either weed seedbank size or seedling distribution among soil layers, and only had a small influence on major species abundance. The weed seedbank was dominated (>66%) by Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq. and Amaranthus retroflexus (L.), which thrived in chisel ploughing and no tillage respectively. Results suggested that crop rotation and substitution of mouldboard ploughing by non-inversion tillage (especially by minimum tillage) would not result in increased weed problems, whereas use of no tillage might increase weed infestations because of higher seedling recruitment from the topsoil. 相似文献
2.
3.
以稗草[Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv.]、鬼针草(Bidens pilosa L.)、含羞草(Mimosa pudica L.)3种杂草种子为受体,以小飞蓬[Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq.]全株为供体,采用培养皿滤纸培养法研究小飞蓬水提取液的乙酸乙酯、正丁醇和水萃取物对受体植物种子萌发和幼苗生长的化感作用.结果表明,小飞蓬的乙酸乙酯萃取物强烈抑制稗草和鬼针草的种子萌发和幼苗生长,且抑制效应随萃取物浓度的升高而提高,高浓度的乙酸乙酯萃取物对含羞草的种子萌发和幼苗生长抑制作用明显.乙酸乙酯萃取物浓度为0.5 mg/mL时,其对3种杂草幼苗的根长、茎长和鲜重的抑制作用与对照组比较就有显著差异.乙酸乙酯萃取物浓度为2.0 mg/mL时,其对稗草和鬼针草根长的化感效应指数(RI)值均为-1.00,对茎长的RI值分别为-0.97和-0.78;二者种子的萌发率平均值分别为3.3％和2.2％.小飞蓬的正丁醇萃取物抑制3种杂草的种子萌发和幼苗生长,但比乙酸乙酯萃取物的抑制作用弱.高浓度小飞蓬水萃取物强烈促进3种杂草的幼苗生长.说明小飞蓬水提取液中的除草活性物质可能存在于乙酸乙酯和正丁醇萃取物中. 相似文献
4.
5.
为了解白酒草属3种外来植物的抑菌作用,并探讨其可能的亲缘关系,采用生长速率法测定白酒草属3种外来植物小蓬草、香丝草、苏门白酒草丙酮浸提液对黄瓜靶斑病菌菌丝生长的影响。结果表明：小蓬草、香丝草、苏门白酒草浸提液对黄瓜靶斑病菌菌丝生长均有抑制作用,且抑制率随浸提液质量浓度的提高而增大,随培养时间的延长而降低。相同浓度下,对菌丝生长的抑制作用最强的是小蓬草浸提液,苏门白酒草与香丝草浸提液对菌丝生长的抑制率较低。3种外来植物中,苏门白酒草与香丝草抑菌率较接近,化学成分、亲缘关系可能较近。 相似文献
6.
Glyphosate is commonly used in a variety of weed control scenarios and plants respond biochemically by continuing to attempt to push carbon through the shikimate pathway. The result is an accumulation of shikimate in sensitive plants in the days immediately after application. This research determined shikimate accumulation dynamics in nine problematic plant species from 0 to 6 days after treatment (DAT). Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Trifolium repens and Conyza canadensis showed rising concentrations through 6 DAT to >4000 mg L?1. Chenopodium album, Xanthium strumarium and Urochloa platyphylla showed concentrations levelling off to a constant of about 2000 mg L?1. Ambrosia trifida, Amaranthus palmeri and Polygonum pensylvanicum generally showed lower levels of shikimate accumulation and concentrations were decreasing after 3 DAT. No apparent relationships were evident between shikimate accumulation pattern and plant growth rate or speed of glyphosate activity. There also appeared to be no pattern in the shikimate accumulation trends that would allow for an informed decision as to which of these species would be most likely to develop glyphosate resistance. Shikimate concentrations were in agreement between field and glasshouse conditions for C. canadensis, but did not agree with those from A. palmeri. 相似文献
7.
8.
9.
In recent years flaxleaf fleabane has become a widespread and difficult-to-control weed in no-tilled fallowed fields, where weeds are controlled by applications of glyphosate, in annual cropping systems of north-east Australia. Fifty-two populations, collected in a national survey from agricultural and non-agricultural areas, were tested in two glyphosate dose-response pot experiments. In two subsequent pot experiments, a sub-set of these populations was tested with a field rate of glyphosate when weeds of two ages were grown at different soil moistures. In the first and second experiments, most populations collected from chemical fallowed or cropped fields in north-east Australia had GR50 (estimated dose for 50% biomass reduction) values three to six times greater than the susceptible populations, indicating low levels of glyphosate resistance. Several populations from roadsides adjacent to chemical fallowed or cropped fields also had higher GR50 values, indicating movement of seeds from resistant plants. In the third experiment, weed biomass of all populations from chemical fallowed or cropped fields was 70-98% of unsprayed compared to 2-3% for the susceptible populations, irrespective of weed age or soil moisture. In the fourth experiment which treated older weeds, the response of several resistant populations to glyphosate was unaffected by differences in weed age and soil moisture, whereas the biomass of the other resistant populations was greater following spraying of older and/or moisture stressed plants compared with smaller non-stressed plants. Thus, exclusive reliance on glyphosate for fallow weed control in this region has resulted in the evolution of resistance in flaxleaf fleabane populations in a cropping system with annual non-transgenic crops. Prolific production of windborne seeds, combined with poor control associated with spraying large moisture-stressed weeds, is likely to have contributed also to flaxleaf fleabane becoming such a problem weed. 相似文献
10.