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1.
N. J. Fokkema A. J. Dik R. A. Daamen 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1987,93(6):273-283
Phyllosphere yeasts may play an important role in suppressing necrotrophic pathogens. In a randomized block design, yeast densities on flag leaves and second leaves of field-grown wheat were left unchanged (D), or were lowered by sprayings with carbendazim (A), or were raised by sprayings with a mixture ofSporobolomyces roseus, Cryptococcus laurentii var.flavescens and nutrients (B), or with carbendazim, carbendazim-resistantS. roseus andC. laurentii var.flavescens and nutrients (C). The application of carbendazim to plots A and C would avoid a biased interference of carbendazim due to other effects than reducing the natural yeast population. Prolonged differences in yeast density would be reflected in differences in severity of diseases caused by carbendazim-insensitive necrotrophic pathogens.Both treatments B and C enhanced the yeast density about 10-fold at the beginning of leaf colonization, 2 to 3 weeks after leaf emergence. Untreated leaves (D), however, were rapidly leaves. Initially, the yeasts were suppressed by carbendazim (A). However, progressively the yeast population consisted of carbendazim-resistant strains which made the carbendazim sprayings ineffective. Therefore, the substantial differences in yeast density were of limited duration. The effect of the treatments on naturally occurringMycosphaerella graminicola (anam.Septoria tritici), Puccinia recondita f. sp.tritici and the total necrotic leaf area (D-value) is discussed.Samenvatting Fyllosfeergisten kunnen misschien een belangrijke rol spelen in de onderdrukking van necrotrofe pathogenen. In een blokkenproef werd de dichtheid van gisten op vlagbladeren en tweede bladeren niet beïvvloed (D) of verlaagd door bespuitingen met carbendazim (A), of verhoogd door bespuitingen met een mengsel van gisten (Sporobolomyces roseus enCryptococcus laurentii var.flavescens en voedingsstoffen (B), of met een mengsel van carbendazim, carbendazim-resistenteS. roseus enC. laurentii var.flavescens en voedingsstoffen (C). De grootste verschillen in dichtheden van de gistpopulaties werden verwacht tussen de behandelingen A en B of C. Door alle veldjes A en C met carbendazim te behandelen wordt een eenzijdig effect van carbendazim, berustend op andere eigenschappen dan de onderdrukking van de natuurlijke gistpopulatie, voorkomen. Langdurige verschillen in de populatiedichtheden van de gisten zouden weerspiegeld kunnen worden in verschillen in aantasting door carbendazimongevoelige necrotrofe pathogenen.Aan het begin van de bladkolonisatie door gisten, 2 tot 3 weken na het verschijnen van het blad, leidde zowel behandeling B als C tot, een 10-voudige verhoging van de gistdichtheid. De onbehandelde bladeren (D) werden echter spoedig door de van nature voorkomende gisten gekoloniseerd en het verschil tussen de onbehandelde en met gist bespoten bladeren werd snel kleiner. Aanvankelijk werden de gisten door carbendazim (A) onderdrukt. Geleidelijk bestond de gistpopulatie echter uit carbendazim-resistente stammen, zodat de carbendazim bespuitingen nauwelijks meer effect hadden. Hierdoor werden grote verschillen in gistdichtheden niet langdurig gerealiseerd. Het effect van de behandelingen op de natuurlijke infectie doorMycosphaerella graminicola (anam.Septoria tritici), Puccina recondita f. sp.tritici en op het totale dode bladoppervlak (D-waarde) wordt besproken. 相似文献
2.
Evaluation of Microbial Antagonists for Biological Control of Botrytis cinerea Stem Infection in Cucumber and Tomato 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
A.J. Dik G. Koning J. Köhl 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1999,105(2):115-122
Of fifteen isolates of yeasts, filamentous fungi and bacteria and a commercial product, tested in a bioassay with stem segments, eleven isolates consistently reduced incidence of disease and sporulation of Botrytis cinerea Pers; Fr in tomato and seven isolates in cucumber. Several isolates reduced disease by more than 75% in all experiments. Six antagonists that performed well in the bioassays and that were fairly easy to produce in vitro, were selected for further testing in two glasshouse experiments with cucumbers. After application of spores of B. cinerea and the antagonists or the fungicide tolylfluanid to pruning wounds, disease incidence was reduced by 50–100% by all antagonists in both experiments and only in one experiment by tolylfluanid.For Trichoderma harzianum T39, Aureobasidium pullulans and Cryptococcus albidus, biological control efficacy in bioassays with cucumber stem segments was not strongly influenced by temperatures in the range between 18 and 30°C, but at 24°C the efficacy of the three antagonists strongly decreased at relative humidities of 90% and 80% (vapour pressure deficits 0.299 and 0.598kPa, respectively) compared to 100. 相似文献
3.
Nasopharyngeal cryptococcosis 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
R MALIK P MARTIN DI WIGNEY DB CHURCH W BRADLEY CR BELLENGER WA LAMB VR BARRS S FOSTER S HEMSLEY PJ CANFIELD DN LOVE 《Australian veterinary journal》1997,75(7):483-488
Naturally occurring cryptococcosis in five cats, a dog and a koala is described. Involvement of the nasopharynx was documented in all patients, and nasopharyngeal mass lesions accounted for the major presenting complaints in four. Signs referable to nasopharyngeal disease included snoring, stertor, inspiratory dyspnoea and aerophagia. Diagnoses were made by caudal rhinoscopy using a retroverted flexible endoscope, vigorous orthograde flushing with saline, or at necropsy. Concurrent cryptococcal rhinitis was present in all cases, although involvement appeared limited to the caudal nasal cavity in most cases. Typical signs of nasal cavity disease, such as sneezing and nasal discharge, were often absent. Treatment of nasopharyngeal cryptococcosis should include physical dislodgement or debulking of lesion(s) to provide immediate alleviation of upper airway obstruction, followed by systemic antifungal therapy to eliminate residual infection from the nasal cavity. Infections caused by Cryptococcus neoformans var gattii accounted for a disproportionately large number of these cases. 相似文献
4.
Preparation on the basis of Trichoderma asperellum in the system of biological protection of wheat from Fusarium ear scab 
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下载免费PDF全文 During the last century, as the area of wheat grown under advanced grain husbandry has increased worldwide, so too has the importance of Fusarium ear scab (FES) (synonym, Fusarium head blight) caused by several species of the fungus Fusarium. Yield losses due to FES can total 20%-40% and more depending on climatic conditions. During the last twenty years epidemics of FES in cereals have become chronic all over the world, including the United States and Russia. The most destructive of t… 相似文献
5.
Graves TK Barger AM Adams B Krockenberger MB 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2005,34(4):409-412
A 3-year-old Boxer was presented with progressive diarrhea, vomiting, and lethargy of 5-months duration. The dog had watery black feces, a mature neutrophilia, and microcytic anemia. Cytologic evaluation of a direct fecal smear stained with Wright's-Giemsa revealed numerous encapsulated, narrow-based, budding organisms consistent with Cryptococcus sp. Pyogranulomatous inflammation and Cryptococcus organisms also were observed in ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspirates of the small intestine and mesenteric lymph nodes, and in histologic sections of colonic biopsies obtained by endoscopy. Multifocal chorioretinitis by fundic examination was consistent with systemic mycosis, and the reciprocal antigen titer (1600) on a cryptococcal antigen latex agglutination test for Cryptococcus neoformans was markedly increased. Using immunohistochemistry, the organism was identified further as C neoformans var. grubii (C neoformans var. neoformans serotype A). After 3 weeks of antifungal treatment, ultrasound examination revealed urinary bladder wall thickening, and Cryptococcus organisms were found in a urine sediment preparation. After 4 months of treatment, the dog was clinically normal and had no abnormal findings on CBC, serum biochemistry, urinalysis, or fecal cytology; however, the antigen titer remained unchanged, mesenteric lymphadenomegaly and jejunal wall thickening were still evident, and cytologic evaluation of fine-needles aspirates of the jejunal wall revealed budding Cryptococcus organisms. Intestinal involvement in dogs with cryptococcosis is rare, and diagnosis by fecal cytology has not been documented previously. 相似文献
6.
含茉莉酸甲酯的生物活性膜对蓝莓采后保鲜效果的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以蓝莓为试材,采用涂膜与生物防治结合的方法,以1.5%海藻酸钠+0.3%甘油为主要材料,无菌水为溶剂,分别加入109CFU/m L罗伦隐球酵母(Cryptococcus laurentii)和100μmol/L茉莉酸甲酯进行涂膜处理,研究蓝莓在0~2℃下贮藏28 d的保鲜效果。结果表明,采用1.5%海藻酸钠+0.3%甘油+109CFU/m L C.laurentii+100μmol/L茉莉酸甲酯复合涂膜液处理的蓝莓失重率和腐烂指数明显降低,糖、酸和花青素含量的变化减缓,果实可保持较高的硬度和弹性,丙二醛的产生受到抑制,而超氧化物歧化酶活性得到提高,使蓝莓果实能够保持良好的外观品质和较高含量的营养成分,保鲜效果最佳。 相似文献
7.
臭氧结合拮抗酵母对草莓采后灰霉病的控制 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
为了寻找一种能够代替化学杀菌剂控制草莓采后病害的方法,试验研究了臭氧与罗伦隐球酵母（Cryptococcus laurentii (Ku?erath) Skinner）结合使用对草莓采后灰霉病的控制效果的影响。研究表明,臭氧处理能显著降低草莓采后灰霉病发病率、抑制草莓水果伤口处致病菌数目和抑制霉菌孢子的萌发。经过2 d的贮藏,臭氧处理与罗伦隐球酵母结合使用草莓灰霉病的发病率为29.63%,显著低于对照处理（70.37%）,同时也低于臭氧处理及罗伦隐球酵母单独处理的发病率（分别为48.15%和44.44%）。在20℃和4℃下培养,罗伦隐球酵母在水果伤口处能迅速地增长,并持续保持较高水平。臭氧处理与罗伦隐球酵母结合处理能诱导草莓果实的多酚氧化酶（PPO）、过氧化物酶（POD）、苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）和b-1,3-葡聚糖酶（GLU）活性的提高,同时可以抑制脂氧合酶（LOX）活性的增加。 相似文献
8.
Sykes JE Sturges BK Cannon MS Gericota B Higgins RJ Trivedi SR Dickinson PJ Vernau KM Meyer W Wisner ER 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2010,24(6):1427-1438
Background: Cryptococcus spp. is a fungal pathogen with a predilection for the central nervous system (CNS). Objectives: To compare the clinical, advanced imaging, and neuropathologic findings in dogs and cats with CNS cryptococcosis, and to evaluate outcome of treatment in these animals. Animals: Twenty‐six cats and 21 dogs with CNS cryptococcosis. Methods: Medical records were reviewed for clinical findings and results of CNS imaging. Archived cerebrospinal fluid and CNS tissue specimens were reviewed for pathology. Findings in cats were compared with those in dogs and the effects of variables on survival were determined by survival curve analysis. Results: When present, pain was localized to the cervical region in dogs and was generalized or localized to the thoracolumbar spine or pelvic limbs in cats. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings were variable but correlated with CNS histopathological findings of meningitis, meningitis with gelatinous pseudocyst formation, and granulomatous mass lesions. Peripherally enhancing brain lesions were seen only in cats. Histopathologically, the inflammatory response was milder in cats compared with dogs. Remissions of ≥1 year occurred in 32% of treated animals. Altered mentation was associated with negative outcome. Glucocorticoid use after diagnosis was associated with improved survival in the first 10 days. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Lesions seen on MRI reflected neuropathological findings and were similar to those reported in human patients. The immune response to infection may differ between cats and dogs, or relate to the infecting cryptococcal species. Long‐term (>6 month median survival time) survival may be possible in animals surviving ≥4 days after diagnosis. 相似文献
9.
Rangkadilok N Tongchusak S Boonhok R Chaiyaroj SC Junyaprasert VB Buajeeb W Akanimanee J Raksasuk T Suddhasthira T Satayavivad J 《Fitoterapia》2012,83(3):545-553
Longan, Dimocarpus longan Lour., contains polyphenolic compounds which exhibit several pharmacological properties. This study aims to evaluate antifungal activities of longan fruit extract in comparison to its active compounds. The results showed that longan seed exhibited antifungal activity against the opportunistic yeasts (Candida species and Cryptococcus neoformans). In contrast, longan pulp and whole fruit did not demonstrate any inhibitory effects. Ellagic acid showed the most potent antifungal activity followed by corilagin and gallic acid, respectively. Ellagic acid inhibited Candida parapsilosis and C. neoformans more effectively than Candida krusei and also some Candida albicans clinical strains. Baidam cultivar possessed higher antifungal activity (MIC=500-4000 μg/ml) as it contained higher contents of ellagic acid and gallic acid than Edor (MIC=1000-8000 μg/ml). For antibacterial activity, only corilagin and gallic acid possessed weak to moderate inhibitory effects against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans, respectively. Longan seed was then applied in the oral care products. Longan effervescent granule (5% extract) significantly reduced adhesion of C. albicans to acrylic strips. Mouthwash containing 0.5% extract exhibited good antifungal activity compared to a commercial product. These findings indicated that longan seed extract and its polyphenolic compounds can be used as an antifungal agent in oral care products for the treatment of opportunistic yeast infection. 相似文献
10.
罗伦隐球酵母对葡萄采后病害的拮抗效果 总被引：19，自引：1，他引：19
罗伦隐球酵母菌 [Cryptococcuslaurentii (Kuffer .)Skinner]是从苹果果实表面分离筛选获得的一种广谱抗性的拮抗菌。通过对该拮抗菌对葡萄 (VitisL .)采后由于机械伤引起的自然发病的抑制效果研究表明 ,C .lau rentii能有效抑制葡萄采后伤口引起的自然发病率 ,其拮抗效果与拮抗菌的使用浓度成正比。外加钙离子对拮抗菌的抑病效果没有明显作用 ,而外加一定浓度的NYDB营养液能提高该拮抗菌在伤口处的菌群数量 ,大幅度增加其抑病效果。同时 ,在NYDB营养成分中 ,以酵母浸粉对增强拮抗菌抑病效果的作用最大 相似文献