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1.
本试验研究了日粮阴阳离子(DCAD)水平对围产期的泌乳水牛采食量、尿液pH值、泌乳初期泌乳性能的影响。选择32头2胎以上、品种、上期泌乳量、健康体况相似的处于围产期的泌乳水牛,随机分成4个组,分别饲喂DCAD水平为+139.89、+54.22、-29.11和-110.21mmoL/kg的4种日粮进行试验,试验期为产前21 d开始至产后30 d。结果表明:随着日粮DCAD水平的降低,各组间试验水牛干物质采食量无显著差异,尿液pH值随之显著降低。各组产奶量无显著差异,但可提高水牛产后泌乳量2.50%～4.86%,极显著降低水牛乳体细胞数(P<0.01);乳蛋白率、乳脂率、乳糖率均有显著提高(P<0.05)。综上所述,泌乳水牛日粮适宜DCAD水平为-110.21 mmoL/kg左右。 相似文献
2.
The method ＂Material Flow Analysis （MFA）＂ is one of the effective tools to study law and quantification of material flow between economic system and ecological system. On the national level, economy-wide material flow analysis has been published for a number of countries. However, published studies on the regional or local level are still very limited and a standardized method does not exist yet. On the basis of framework of Material Flow Analysis proposed by Eurostat, the paper collected related data and analyzed material input and output for the Chengyang district in Qingdao. The results showed that DMI （Direct Material Input） and TMR （Total Material Requirement） in absolute number increased about 3.6 and 3.9 times, respectively from 1995 to 2004. Fossil fuel and mineral contributed to about 50.3%-76.3% of DMI. Imports of material increased about 5.0 times and became the most important Contributor to DMI, which showed that local economic growth was highly dependent on resources from other regions and countries. DPO （Domestic Processed Output） and TDO （Total Domestic Output） represent slow increasing trend, and DPO contributed to 22.2%-58.1% of TDO, suggesting local hidden flows were of obvious effect on TDO. The biggest component of DPO is CO2, approximately accounting for 90% of DPO. The material productivity increased 57.7% in last decade, reflecting improvement of efficiency of resources utilization in some extent. However, compared to developed countries and regions, material productivity of Chengyang district was relatively low. Therefore, in order to promote the sustainability, it is essential to develop circular economy and enhance materials productivity. 相似文献
3.
In the UK, two demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicides, myclobutanil and fenbuconazole, are recommended for controlling apple scab. Experiments were conducted to determine whether the sensitivity of V. inaequalis to myclobutanil was correlated with that to fenbuconazole. There was a marked reduction in the sensitivity of V. inaequalis to myclobutanil; averaged ED50 values increased from 0.338 mg L−1 in the baseline population to 2.945 mg L−1 for isolates from a commercial orchard. Overall, the average ED50 value for fenbuconazole was only about 20% of that for myclobutanil for the baseline population. There was an overall significant positive correlation in the fungal sensitivities to myclobutanil and fenbuconazole, but such correlation only accounted for 40% of the total observed variability. In addition, the magnitude of this cross-resistance varied among orchards. The finding is discussed in the context of fungicide deposition in relation to disease control. 相似文献
4.
Does agricultural use of azole fungicides contribute to resistance in the human pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus? 
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下载免费PDF全文 Derek Hollomon 《Pest management science》2017,73(10):1987-1993
Azole resistance in human fungal pathogens has increased over the past twenty years, especially in immunocompromised patients. Similarities between medical and agricultural azoles, and extensive azole (14α‐demethylase inhibitor, DMI) use in crop protection, prompted speculation that resistance in patients with aspergillosis originated in the environment. Aspergillus species, and especially Aspergillus fumigatus, are the largest cause of patient deaths from fungi. Azole levels in soils following crop spraying, and differences in sensitivity between medical and agricultural azoles (DMIs), indicate weaker selection in cropping systems than in patients receiving azole therapy. Most fungi have just one CYP51 paralogue (isozyme CYP51B), but in Aspergillus sp. mutations conferring azole resistance are largely confined to a second paralogue, CYP51A. Binding within the active centre is similar for medical and agricultural azoles but differences elsewhere between the two paralogues may ensure selection depends on the DMI used on crops. Two imidazoles, imazalil and prochloraz, have been widely used since the early 1970s, yet unlike triazoles they have not been linked to resistance in patients. Evidence that DMIs are the origin, or increase the frequency, of azole resistance in human fungal pathogens is lacking. Limiting DMI use would have serious impacts on disease control in many crops, and remove key tools in anti‐resistance strategies. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
5.
Zhen-Zhu Ma Yu-Yang Cheng Sheng-Qi Wang Jian-Zhen Ge Huai-Ping Shi Jian-Cun Kou 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2020,104(1):44-55
In this study, we investigated the effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC), Bacillus subtilis (BS) and Enterococcus faecalis (EF), singly and in combination, on the dry matter intake (DMI), milk production and composition, and faecal microflora of Saanen dairy goats. Fifty goats were randomly divided into five groups: (a) basal diet (control); (b) basal diet + SC; (c) basal diet + BS; (d) basal diet + EF; and (e) basal diet + mixed probiotics. Each treated animal received 5 g/d of probiotics for a total administration of 5 × 1,011 CFU/goat per day. The inclusion of B. subtilis and E. faecalis in the diet of lactating Saanen goats increased DMI (p < .05). Enhanced milk yield was observed with BS and EF. Milk fat percentage was significantly increased by feeding mixed probiotics compared with the control (p < .05); supplying SC, BS and mixed probiotics enhanced the protein percentage (p < .05). The milk lactose percentage in the SC and BS groups was higher than in the control (p < .05). The amount of milk total solids was higher after feeding EF or mixed probiotics than in the control group (p < .05). Non-fat solids showed no notable differences among groups (p > .05). There was no significant influence on gut bacterial abundance and diversity from adding these three probiotics, singly or in combination. Bacteroidales, Escherichia–Shigella and Christensenellaceae abundances were decreased by supplying these probiotics but Succinivibrionaceae increased. In conclusion, there were positive influences of probiotic feed supplementation on intake, milk performance and intestinal microecology. 相似文献
6.
Tom Hsiang Lin Yang Wayne Barton 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1998,104(2):163-169
Isolates of Sclerotinia homoeocarpa were collected from across southern Ontario from areas where demethylation inhibiting fungicides reportedly had never been used. Forty of these isolates with propiconazole EC50 values ranging from 0.003 to 0.069 µg ml-1 were inoculated onto creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris) in summer 1995 and summer 1996 to assess virulence. Each isolate was grown on mixed cereal grains, dried, ground up and applied separately at a rate of 10 g m-2 to 0.25 m2 plots with three replicates per isolate. For both years, no spots were visible on the plots at time of inoculation; however, by the end of each experiment, there were up to 180 spots per plot with significant differences between isolates. Growth rate in culture was not significantly related to fungicide sensitivity (log-EC50 values). Statistically significant negative relationships were found in both years between AUDPC and log-EC50 values. These significant relationships imply that in the absence of propiconazole use, isolates that are more sensitive to propiconazole may out-compete isolates that are less sensitive. However, further study is required to determine the time frame for this to occur, and whether DMI-resistance prevention strategies can feasibly be based on the existence of resistance-related fitness costs. 相似文献
7.
围产期奶牛,特别是高产奶牛普遍处于能量负平衡状态,容易导致生产性能降低和酮病、脂肪肝等代谢病的发生。通过育种、改善日粮和使用添加剂等技术措施,可提高奶牛的干物质采食量（dry matter intake,DMI）,在一定程度上提高奶牛的生产性能和改善奶牛的健康状况。作者对奶牛采食量的意义及其影响因素进行了叙述,并提出了一些可以提高奶牛采食量的技术措施。 相似文献
8.
为了调查泌乳奶牛跛行与产奶量、胎次和干物质采食量(DMI)的关系,研究采用5分制跛行评价标准,对黑龙江东部某牛场376头泌乳奶牛进行跛行评价,同时记录每头实验泌乳奶牛的平均日产奶量(kg·d-1)、胎次和DMI。跛行评分结果显示,1分泌乳奶牛头数为42(11.17%),2分泌乳奶牛头数为83(22.07%),3分泌乳奶牛头数为187(49.73%),4分泌乳奶牛头数为50(13.30%),5分泌乳奶牛头数为14(3.72%)。进一步统计分析结果显示,产奶量、DMI与跛行评分呈负相关,胎次与跛行评分呈正相关;跛行严重影响泌乳奶牛的产奶量,1分与4分泌乳奶牛相比,日产奶量相差约7 kg。研究通过跛行评分调查,明确了该牛场泌乳奶牛跛行情况,以及跛行评分与产奶量、胎次、DMI的关系,为奶牛跛行的防治及其对奶牛生产的影响提供了基础。 相似文献
9.
D.T. Brakenridge 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(4):165-166
Extract The loss of production due to footrot and scald is well recognised, as is the use of zinc sulphate footbaths to treat sheep with these diseases. There is also sheep farmer concern over the increasing cost involved in control procedures. 相似文献
10.
麦秸不同氨化处理对肉牛饲喂效果的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
【研究目的】为提高麦秸的饲用价值,【方法】对麦秸进行了不同的氨化处理并饲喂肉牛试验,【结果】结果表明：麦秸经造纸废液复合氨化处理,其粗蛋白含量和日增重比对照组分别提高了111.40%和45.28%,采食量显著增加(P<0.05),每千克增重饲料成本降低25.04%。【结论】建议在秸秆的氨化处理中推广使用造纸废液复合氨化处理技术,以提高养牛业的经济效益。 相似文献