放牧对鸭茅能量积累及分配的影响   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

张荣  孙国钧 《草业科学》2001,18(3):7-10

通过长期放牧试验，探讨了不同放牧强度下亚热带高山草地鸭茅种群能量积累规律及能量在不同构件之间的分配特征。在无放牧的对照草地及采食率分别为55％、65％、80％的放牧草地，鸭茅热值随放牧强度的增加而呈单峰曲线型变化，一定强度范围内的放牧干扰提高了鸭茅热值及能量的积累；根部能量的积累随放牧强度的提高而逐渐减少。在禁牧草地，鸭茅种群能量主要被低密度的大分蘖丛所分摊，随着放牧强度的提高，种群能量则逐渐均摊给高密度的小分蘖丛。  相似文献   

球花石楠种子育苗技术   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

白平 《福建林业科技》2011,38(1)

从采种及种子处理、苗圃地选择、整地方式、播种方法及苗期管理、病虫害防治等方面阐述了球花石楠种子育苗技术,可为生产应用提供参考。  相似文献   

不同倍性鸭茅同功酶比较研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

帅素蓉  白史且 《草业科学》1998,15(6):11-15

采用生化遗传学的方法,对我国亚热带地区几个二倍体和四倍体野生鸭茅不同生育期的酯酶,过氧化物酶同功酶进行了比较研究。结果表明,鸭茅二倍体各品系之间,四倍体各品种（系）之间的同源性较高,遗传差异较小,二倍体与四倍体之间,酯酶,过氧经物酶同功酶等都有较大差异。  相似文献   

冷地型鸭茅不同品种生产性能的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨桂英  靳宗立 《山西农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2000,20(2):132-135

对日本引入的 1 2个冷地型禾草品种 (其中 9个鸭茅品种 ,3个参考品种 )的生产性能进行了研究 ,其结果表明 ,9个鸭茅品种都能适应当地的环境条件 ,且生产发育良好。 4月初返青 ,5月下旬抽穗 ,除干草王Ⅱ之外 ,返青后 6周左右即可进行第一次刈割。其干物质产量由高到低依次为 :干草王、秋绿、Potomac、早生绿、先进、夏绿、风绿、北斗和干草王Ⅱ。三年的干物质产量为 1 4 895～ 2 0 5 1 4kg/hm2 ,干草王Ⅱ的干物质产量显著低于其它品种(P <0 0 5 )。再生草产量占总产量的 6 2 2 5 %～ 72 80 %。  相似文献   

绿洲区苜蓿与鸭茅混播饲草的青贮发酵品质研究     

张战胜  于磊  孙国君  张前兵 《草原与草坪》2015,(3):50-54

以苜蓿(Medicago sativa)与鸭茅(Dactylis glomerata)混播草地牧草为材料,按照90%苜蓿+10%鸭茅、70%苜蓿+30%鸭茅、50%苜蓿+50%鸭茅的比例进行青贮,通过分析对比发酵品质、营养成分、感官青贮效果等,以期优化最佳混合青贮的豆∶禾比例。试验结果表明:苜蓿和鸭茅混合青贮后,气味、质地、色泽感官评定均为优良,且pH呈下降趋势,青贮效果优于苜蓿和鸭茅的单独青贮。混合青贮降低了苜蓿青贮中氨态氮含量的36.4%,鸭茅青贮中乙酸、丙酸的含量明显下降;提高了苜蓿青贮中乳酸的含量,有效抑制了丁酸的产生,苜蓿+鸭茅饲草混贮比例为7∶3和5∶5处理结果未检测出丁酸。3个混合青贮组合的粗蛋白含量高出鸭茅单贮31.9%,酸性洗涤纤维低于鸭茅青贮12.6%。在青贮发酵过程中,苜蓿+鸭茅以7∶3比例混合青贮,有利于提高青贮饲料的发酵品质。  相似文献   

Forage chain arrangement for sustainable livestock systems in a Mediterranean area     

S. L. Cosentino  F. Gresta  G. Testa 《Grass and Forage Science》2014,69(4):625-634

Mediterranean forage systems suffer from limited availability of fresh forage because of water deficits and extreme temperatures. Consequently, fresh forage is unavailable for at least 6–7 months a year, and farmers must buy feed to support livestock production. With the aim of overcoming these limitations, a 2‐year trial was conducted on three distinct sites in Sicily (at 10, 600 and 1200 m elevation) with thirty‐four varieties of forage species belonging to nine biennial/perennial and thirteen annual species. Results showed that by integrating grasses and legumes, species from environments with different climatic conditions enable the season of forage production to be extended from mid‐April to mid‐November. Quality traits of forage in different areas varied in relation to species and varieties. In general, the sown‐forage quality was better than in pastures and fallows in the same areas commonly used to feed animals. This also leads to a reduction in the use of supplementary feeds. Among the tested species, Lolium multiflorum and Medicago sativa emerged as the most promising for filling the forage‐deficit periods, and Trifolium spp. and Vicia sativa were found to be superior for increasing forage quality. The results are discussed in the context of adapting Mediterranean forage supplies for ensuring greater sustainability of livestock production in mountain, hill and plain areas. The proposed forage chain arrangement represents part of local potential adaptation to climate limitations and climate change.  相似文献   

Bilateral polyploidization inDactylis glomerata L. subsp.lusitanica: occurrence,morphological and genetic characteristics of first polyploids     

F. Bretagnolle  R. Lumaret 《Euphytica》1995,84(3):197-207

Summary InDactylis glomerata L. subsp.lusitanica, triploid and tetraploid plants were obtained by bilateral sexual polyploidization in crosses between diploid parents known to produce 2n gametes. The polyploid and diploid progeny were compared for allozyme diversity (allele number and heterozygosity), phenological (pollen fertility, inflorescence emergence date), cellular (stomatic cell size) and morphological characters (vegetative biomass, seed weight, total seed number per plant, panicle number and seed number per panicle length) in four contrasting growing conditions. Stomatal cell size and the total number of alleles were significantly lower in diploids than in polyploids which sometimes recovered more than two distinct alleles at a locus via 2n gametes possessing heterozygous loci. Pollen fertility was similar in diploids and tetraploids, but significantly lower in the triploids. Seed weight was significantly higher in polyploids, although the average number of seeds per panicle length and the total number of seeds was higher in the diploid sibs. No phenological differences occurred among ploidy levels whereas such differences were observed inDactylis in all the natural areas of sympatry between diploids and their related polyploids. Our results provide evidence for an instantaneous effect of polyploidization on certain traits and suggest that natural selection would act subsequently on several other traits to allow the establishment of new polyploids.  相似文献   

Genetic variation in cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) populations for mottle virus resistance     

O. A. Rognli  K. Aastveit  T. Munthe 《Euphytica》1995,83(2):109-116

Summary Highly significant and continuous variation in the degree of injury due to cocksfoot mottle virus (CfMV) infection was found among clones of 7 cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) populations, taken at random among surviving plants in 9 year old swards. Broad sense heritabilities for CfMV injury ranged from 0.52 to 0.91 within populations, and genotypic correlations between CfMV injury and total DM-yield ranged from –0.46 to –0.88. The relationship between CfMV injury and DM-yield could be described by a second degree curve. CfMV injury was to some extent genotypically correlated in the positive direction with crude protein content and digestibility, and negatively with crude fiber content, especially in the first cut. Artificial infection of plants from the original populations with CfMV in a simulated sward experiment, did not reveal any significant differences between populations in tolerance towards CfMV infection. Infection caused a 54.5% increase in the number of dead plants per plot, relative to uninfected plots, but only a 4.5% reduction in dry matter yield. There is a clear tendency that synthetic populations selected for high yield are less tolerant towards CfMV infection than unselected or low yielding populations. The resistance found in these cocksfoot populations is a sort of tolerance, and the results indicate that the level of tolerance can be increased by selection.  相似文献   

Ammonia volatilization from nitrogen fertilizers surface-applied to corn (Zea mays) and grass pasture (Dactylis glomerata)     

S. L. Oberle  L. G. Bundy 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1987,4(4):185-192

Summary The major agronomic concern with NH₃ loss from urea-containing fertilizers is the effect of these losses on crop yields and N fertilizer efficiency. In this 2-year study, NH₃ volatilization from surface-applied N fertilizers was measured in the field, and the effects of the NH₃ losses detected on corn (Zea mays L.) and orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) yield and N uptake were determined. For corn, NH₄NO₃ (AN), a urea-AN solution (UAN), or urea, were surface-broadcast at rates of 0, 56 and 112 kg N ha^–1 on a Plano silt loam (Typic Argiudoll) and on a Fayette silt loam (Typic Hapludalf). Urea and AN (0 and 67 kg N ha^–1) were surface-applied to grass pasture on the Fayette silt loam. Significant NH₃ losses from urea-containing N sources were detected in one of four corn experiments (12%–16% of applied N) and in both experiments with grass pasture (9%–19% of applied N). When these losses occurred, corn grain yields with UAN and urea were 1.0 and 1.5 Mg ha^–1, respectively, lower than yields with AN, and orchardgrass dry matter yields with urea were 0.27 to 0.74 Mg ha^–1 lower than with AN. Significant differences in crop N uptake between N sources were detected, but apparent NH₃ loss based on N uptake differences was not equal to field measurements of NH₃ loss. Rainfall following N application markedly influenced NH₃ volatilization. In corn experiments, NH₃ loss was low and yields with all N sources were similar when at least 2.5 mm of rainfall occurred within 4 days after N application. Rainfall within 3 days after N application did not prevent significant yield reductions due to NH₃ loss from urea in grass pasture experiments.  相似文献   

SSR在鸭茅种质资源遗传多样性研究中的应用初探   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

曾兵  张新全  杨武云  兰英 《西南农业学报》2006,19(6):1028-1033

本文以鸭茅基因组DNA为模板,利用小麦SSR引物对鸭茅SSR反应体系中的一些重要参数进行摸索和优化实验,建立了一套鸭茅SSR分子标记的最优化反应体系,在15μl体系中,最终浓度或量:Mg2 为2.5 mm/L、dNTP为400μmol/L、Taq酶为1.0U、引物浓度为2.0~2.5μpmol/L、模板NDA量为60~80 ng。同时成功的筛选出20对能较好的应用于鸭茅种质资源遗传多样性研究的SSR引物,可用于鸭茅SSR标记的进一步研究。  相似文献