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1.
Summary

It is some years now since forest decline was a major public concern in Europe and was one of the principal environmental issues around which international research programs were focused. A number of internationally coordinated activities were initiated in the 1980s and 1990s and have continued until now; these contributed significantly to our current understanding of forestry and to the way in which forestry policies have developed. In short, the concept of sustainable development has had an increasing influence and is now of immeasurable value in forest policy, with sustainable forest management well established as its guiding principle. This sequence of events is examined here. The extent to which understanding has advanced is remarkable; much has changed. Arguably this period gave the first indication of the extent to which forests and ecosystems globally are threatened by environmental change. On the basis of the last 20 years, it is tempting to conclude that we now have an effective institutional framework and have made excellent progress. However, some of the recorded ecosystem responses seem anomalous; there are surprises in system responses, e.g., the linkage between sulphur and nitrogen depositions and forest growth. Even more importantly some specific pollutant problems remain and will intensify, and climate change has become an environmental issue of overwhelming importance.  相似文献   
2.
Incorrect labelling of plants in trade and misidentification are widespread. Likewise, in trade numerous names are being used for the ornamental aquatic plant known as ‘Kariba weed’, but rarely the correct scientific name Salvinia molesta Mitch. For inspection services of EPPO member countries, correct identification of S. molesta has become important since the species was added to the EPPO A2 List and the List of Union concern in accordance with EU regulation 1143/2014 based on an EPPO Pest Risk Analysis (PRA) for the species. Inspections and a targetted survey of Salvinia plants in trade in the Netherlands were performed and additional material was obtained from wild sources in South Africa, Hungary and the United States. Specimen identification was verified by comparison with the herbarium collection at Naturalis Biodiversity Center in Leiden and with the sequences available in NCBI GenBank database. This paper provides the tools to correctly identity the relevant Salvinia species.  相似文献   
3.
2022年3月25日,欧盟药品管理局(EMA)兽医药品委员会(CVMP)发布了食品动物注射部位兽药残留指南,并于2022年8月1日正式生效。该指南代替旧版的注射部位兽药残留指南(EMA/CVMP/542/03-FINAL)。本文就新发布指南的背景、适用范围、法律依据、评价方法、残留研究及相关定义等内容进行介绍。  相似文献   
4.
农业是引发温室气体增多、生物多样性下降以及水体污染等生态安全事件的主要产业之一。在种种生态安全事件的挑战下,农业应该朝着绿色生态的方向进行转型已经成为多数国家的共识。欧盟的共同农业政策是世界上较早提倡农业绿色发展的农业政策之一。从1992年开始的麦克萨里改革到已经达成的《2023—2027年共同农业政策》临时协议,欧盟共同农业政策绿色生态转型体现出政策支持更加明确、以农民利益保护为重点、自愿性与强制性措施相结合、以数字技术为支撑以及多政策配套实施等改革趋向。在强调绿色发展与转型的新时代,欧盟共同农业政策的改革历程及发展趋向可以为中国农业政策改革提供一定的经验及启示,通过优化顶层设计、健全补贴机制、坚持弹性原则、提高科技能力、增加政策协同等措施来推进农业的绿色生态转型。  相似文献   
5.
6.
详细介绍和分析了欧盟27国发展小水电的现状和战略规划、欧盟可再生能源和分布式能源的结构比例,以及欧洲小水电协会系统推进小水电发展所起的作用.根据国家水利部颁发的《"十二五"全国水电新农村电气化规划》,介绍和分析了我国小水电的发展现状和战略规划;对我国发展小型和微型水电中存在的突出问题进行了详细的分析,例如:小水电的权责不清晰;小水电站数量多和管理难;小水电开发产业的延续性差和未来趋势不清晰;小水电设备的制造企业面临的问题,例如技术水平低、技术储备不足、科研投入少和科研能力差、管理程度浅等;小水电站年利用小时数偏低和径流式电站的问题.提出了5点建议:明晰小水电的权责关系,规范小水电的开发和经营;建立小流域发展综合管理委员会,采取"电站群"的管理方式;把握我国和国际市场的小水电发展趋势,把小水电产业做大做强并保持可持续发展;提出了从"一个科研中心、两个方向"出发,提升小水电设备制造企业技术水平低的思路;提高小水电站年满发小时数即设备的利用率,增加小水电的发电效益.  相似文献   
7.
欧盟的粮食安全政策及对我国的启示   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
分析探讨了欧盟国家对粮食安全的认识,介绍和分析了欧盟国家在粮食安全问题上的政策和措施,通过与我国农业发展现状的比较,揭示了欧盟食物安全政策对我国粮食安全和现代化农业建设所具有的重要启示作用,提出了加强粮食安全和农业发展的建议和措施.建立符合中国国情的粮食预警体系;实施农业保护政策,提高农业综合生产能力;深化粮食流通体制改革,建立安全可靠的粮食储备系统;建立食物安全生产的诱导机制;生态建设要与粮食生产能力建设和储备相结合.  相似文献   
8.
王卫国 《饲料工业》2012,33(11):1-7
文章综述了美国、欧盟和中国的饲料管理的主要法律、法规、指令、指南等。美国、欧盟的饲料管理法规建设历史长、系统、完整、科学、可操作性强。我国饲料管理法规建设发展相对较晚,发展很快,需要借鉴美、欧的经验。饲料法规的发展趋势是更为科学、系统、操作简便、高效率,有利于保护食品安全、动物安全与福利、有利于建立公平、和谐的法制环境,促进饲料工业的可持续发展。  相似文献   
9.
The European Green Deal with its high ambition has set the European Union (EU) on a promising path towards greater soil protection. The EU Soil Strategy 2030, the Biodiversity Strategy 2030, the Farm to Fork Strategy, the Zero Pollution, the Nature Restoration Law and the European Climate Law, among others, include actions to protect our soils. Research and Innovation (R&I) will play a key role in developing new knowledge and tools enabling the transition to healthy soils. The main aim of this paper is to analyse past and near-future trends in EU's funding for R&I on soil-related issues. For this purpose, a review of EU-funded soil projects was conducted based on the data available in the Community Research and Development Information Service and the official portal for European data. Our analysis shows that over the past 40 years, the EU has invested significantly in developing integrated knowledge about the relationships between soil functions and ecosystem services and how human-induced pressures affect soil health. Following the adoption of the EU Soil Thematic Strategy in 2006, there was an increase in research funding for soil-related research. Furthermore, our analysis also illustrates an interesting interplay of permanent and changing soil themes. The Horizon Europe Mission ‘A Soil Deal for Europe’, which aims to establish a network of 100 living labs and lighthouses to lead the transition towards healthy soils and safeguard human and planetary health by 2030, provides a further incentive for soil research. Together with the EU Soil Strategy 2030 and the new proposal for a Directive on Soil Monitoring and Resilience (Soil Monitoring Law), and the EU Soil Observatory (EUSO), the three instruments set up the political framework, concrete measures, and a monitoring system needed for the protection, restoration and sustainable use of soils.  相似文献   
10.
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