FACE对杂交籼稻汕优63干物质生产与分配的影响     

刘红江  ;杨连新  ;黄建晔  ;董桂春  ;朱建国  ;刘钢  ;王余龙 《农业环境保护》2009,(1):8-14

2005--2006年利用我国惟一的农田开放式空气CO2浓度增高（FACE）研究平台,以三系杂交籼稻汕优63为供试材料,设计比大气CO2浓度（对照,370umol．mol^-1）高200umol．mol^-1的FACE处理（570umol．mol^-1）和施N量为125kg·hm^-2（LN）、250kg·hm^-2（NN）处理,研究其对汕优63物质生产与分配的影响。结果表明：（1）两季平均,FACE处理使汕优63移栽-分蘖中期、分蘖中期-拔节期、拔节-抽穗期和抽穗-成熟期干物质生产量分别比对照增加了39％、20％、32％和41％,结果使成熟期生物产量显著增加（＋33％）;（2）与干物质生产量相比,汕优63平均叶面积指数（LAI）和净同化率（NAR）对CO2的响应有相似的季节性变化趋势,但LAI的响应值明显大于NAR;（3）FACE处理使汕优63不同生育时期叶片和稻穗占地上部干重的比例下降,而使茎鞘占地上部干重的比例明显增加;（4）三系杂交籼稻汕优63成熟期生物产量以及不同生育阶段平均LAI、NAR和干物质生产量对FACE的响应与粳稻品种存在明显差异．而干物质分配差异较小。  相似文献   

大气CO_2浓度升高对粳稻稻米物性及食味品质的影响     

赵轶鹏  宋琪玲  王云霞  赖上坤  周娟  朱建国  杨连新  王余龙 《农业环境保护》2012,(8):1475-1482

在2009和2010年利用独特的稻/麦轮作系统FACE（Free Air CO2 Enrichment,开放式空气CO2浓度增高）平台,以武运粳21、扬辐粳8号、武香粳14和武粳15为供试材料,研究了高浓度CO（2比大气背景CO2浓度高200 μmol·mol-1）对粳稻蒸煮米的硬度、粘性、香气、光泽、完整性、味道和口感等的影响。物性分析仪测定结果表明,高浓度CO2环境下粳稻熟米的硬度和粘性总体呈增加趋势,其中扬辐粳8号两指标的增幅均达显著水平。食味计测定结果显示,高浓度CO2对蒸煮稻米香气、光泽度、完整性、味道和口感等食味品质指标均没有影响。相关分析表明,CO2与品种的互作对米饭硬度和粘性有显著影响,但对食味品质参数均没有影响。CO2与年度、CO2与年度和品种间的互作对所有测定参数均无显著影响。两年数据一致表明,未来高浓度CO2环境下粳稻蒸煮米的硬度和粘性将呈增加趋势,增幅因品种而异,但米饭食味品质无显著变化。  相似文献   

坡耕地径流沉积物中磷素的富集特征及其生物有效性     

崔力拓  李志伟 《土壤通报》2008,39(5)

通过模拟降雨试验和回归分析,研究了洋河流域坡耕地径流沉积物对磷素的富集特征及其生物有效性,结果表明:洋河流域坡耕地径流沉积物对磷有明显的富集作用,富集系数在1.33～1.43之间;沉积物中磷的形态以无机磷为主,平均占全磷的75.23%,对不同结合态的磷富集程度有明显差异;不同土壤条件下,径流沉积物中各结合态磷的生物有效性不同,Fe-P对沉积物中NaOH-P的贡献率最大.  相似文献   

Degradability of atrazine, cyanazine, and dicamba in methanogenic enrichment culture microcosms using sediment from the Pearl River of Southern China     

Chen Lin  Ji-Guang Gu  Chuanling Qiao  Shunshan Duan  Ji-Dong Gu 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2006,42(5):395-401

Degradation of three herbicides, atrazine, cyanazine and dicamba, was assessed in laboratory microcosms incubated under simulated methanogenic conditions using sediment from Pearl River of Southern China as an inoculum. Atrazine was much more resistant to degradation than cyanazine and dicamba over 300 days of incubation. Biodegradation of cyanazine and dicamba was further substantiated by establishment of enrichment transfer cultures in which the degradation of the respective herbicide was accelerated by the active microorganisms. Degradation of cyanazine initially involved the removal of chlorine and the two side chains, while that of dicamba was O-demethylation reaction forming 3,6-dichlorosalicyclic acid. Results suggest that biodegradation of xenobiotics can be established through enrichment culture transfer technique, and further mechanism of degradation and microorganisms involved can be elucidated.  相似文献   

AAS法考察臭灵丹对Pb、Cu、Zn及Ni 4种重金属的富集作用     

杨鸾芳  刘忆明 《安徽农业科学》2013,41(15):6855-6855,6914

[目的]利用AAS法考察臭灵丹对4种重金属Pb、Cu、Zn及Ni的富集作用。[方法]采用火焰原子吸收法,检测了臭灵丹对重金属Pb、Cu、Zn及Ni的富集含量,并研究了臭灵丹对这4种重金属的富集特性。[结果]臭灵丹对不同重金属的富集系数和转运系数不同,同一植株的不同部位对同一金属的富集系数也不相同。臭灵丹叶对Pb的富集系数及臭灵丹茎对Ni的富集系数1,臭灵丹对Pb、Cu、Zn及Ni的转运系数均1。[结论]臭灵丹具有开发为Pb、Ni污染的植物修复的主体植物的潜质。  相似文献   

不同施肥措施对休宁土壤Cd形态的影响与蔬菜富集特性的研究     

孙满意  郭熙盛  王文军 《安徽农业科学》2009,37(21):10093-10094

[目的]研究不同施肥措施对休宁土壤Cd形态的影响与蔬菜富集特性。[方法]通过盆栽试验,研究了鸡粪、改良剂和外源Cd对体宁菜园土中重金属Cd形态的影响与蔬菜富集特性。[结果]结果表明,施入鸡粪可降低土壤中可交换态Cd和铁锰氧化态Cd的含量,增加了土壤中的碳酸盐态Cd和有机物结合态Cd含量。改良剂可提高土壤中可交换态Cd和碳酸盐态Cd的含量。外源Cd进入到土壤中主要以可交换态、碳酸盐态和铁锰氧化物结合态存在。萝卜、白菜和辣椒的可食用部分对土壤Cd的富集能力为：白菜〉萝卜≈辣椒,转移系数为白菜〉萝卜〉辣椒。[结论]在农业生产上,可在土壤中添加有机肥和无机改良剂减少蔬菜时重金属Cd的吸收积累。在重金属Cd含量高的土壤中应避免种植富集能力极强的蔬菜品种。  相似文献   

桑枝食用菌对1-脱氧野尻霉素的富集作用     

殷浩  佟万红  刘刚  黄盖群  危玲  张剑飞  郑继川 《农业科学与技术》2011,(12):1758-1760

[目的]探讨食用菌对桑枝中1-脱氧野尻霉素（1-deoxynojimycin,DNJ）的富集作用。[方法]利用反相高效液相色谱法,研究耳菇、香菇、金针菇、鸡腿菇、银耳、姬菇、黑木耳、灵芝、猴头菇9种食用菌对桑枝中1-脱氧野尻霉素（1-deoxyno jimycin,DNJ）的富集能力。[结果]供试食用菌种均不能自我合成DNJ,但黑木耳、灵芝和猴头菇对DNJ有富集作用,而且其菌盖的富集能力远远高于菌柄。随着培养料中桑枝屑比例的增加,灵芝和猴头菇菌盖中DNJ含量也随之增加,在50%桑枝屑时达到最大,分别为0.0704%和0.0472%,再增加桑枝屑比例,则其菌盖中DNJ含量下降,当桑枝屑比例为80%时,其菌盖中DNJ含量分别降为0.0474%和0.0327%。[结论]该研究可为开发具有降血糖功效的桑枝食用菌提供理论依据和参考。  相似文献   

Wheat grain quality under increasing atmospheric CO₂ concentrations in a semi-arid cropping system     

Nimesha Fernando  Joe Panozzo  Michael Tausz  Robert M. Norton  Glenn J. Fitzgerald  Samuel Myers  Cassandra Walker  James Stangoulis  Saman Seneweera 《Journal of Cereal Science》2012

We investigated wheat (Triticum aestivum) grain quality under Free Air CO₂ Enrichment (FACE) of 550 ± 10% CO₂ μmol mol⁻¹. In each of two full growing seasons (2008 and 2009), two times of sowing were compared, with late sowing designed to mimic high temperature during grain filling. Grain samples were subjected to a range of physical, nutritional and rheological quality assessments. Elevated CO₂ increased thousand grain weight (8%) and grain diameter (5%). Flour protein concentration was reduced by 11% at e[CO₂], with the highest reduction being observed at the late time of sowing in 2009, (15%). Most of the grain mineral concentrations decreased under e[CO₂] - Ca (11%), Mg (7%), P (11%) and S (7%), Fe (10%), Zn (17%), Na (19%), while total uptake of these nutrients per unit ground area increased. Rheological properties of the flour were altered by e[CO₂] and bread volume reduced by 7%. Phytate concentration in grains tended to decrease (17%) at e[CO₂] while grain fructan concentration remained unchanged. The data suggest that rising atmospheric [CO₂] will reduce the nutritional and rheological quality of wheat grain, but at high temperature, e[CO₂] effects may be moderated. Reduced phytate concentrations at e[CO₂] may improve bioavailability of Fe and Zn in wheat grain.  相似文献   

The effect of different HUFA enrichment emulsions on the nutritional value of rotifers (Brachionus plicatilis) fed to larval haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus).     

John Castell  Tammy Blair  Steven Neil  Kenneth Howes  Sarah Mercer  John Reid  Wilfred Young-Lai  Brandi Gullison  Philippe Dhert  Patrick Sorgeloos 《Aquaculture International》2003,11(1-2):109-117

A feeding study was conducted in the winter 2001 to determine the effects of feeding rotifers (Brachionus plicatilis) enriched with various levels of essential fatty acids on the growth and survival of haddock larvae (Melanogrammus aeglefinus). Rotifer enrichment treatments were: 1) mixed algae, 2) high DHA (docosahexaenoic acid, 22:6n-3), 3) high DHA and EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid, 20:5n-3), and 4) DHA, EPA, and AA (arachidonic acid, 20:4n-6). Larvae were fed rotifers enriched with the different treatments from days 1 to 16 post-hatch. From day 17 until 25 all treatment groups were fed rotifers reared on mixed algae and then weaned onto the International Council for Exploration of the SEA (ICES) Standard Reference Weaning diet (http://allserv.rug.ac.t/aquaculture/rend/rend.htm) over a five day period. The experiment was terminated on day 41 post-hatch. The enrichment treatments affected the fatty acid composition of the rotifers and correlated with the accumulation of these fatty acids in the haddock larvae. However, no significant differences in larval growth or survival to 40 days post hatch were detected, suggesting that all treatments provided the minimal essential fatty acid requirements for haddock.  相似文献   

嗜金微生物研究概况     

邵苗苗  高昂  姚默  赵兵  屈枫锦  巩江  倪士峰 《宁夏农林科技》2012,53(1):88-90

在广泛文献检索基础上,对嗜金微生物的种属、富集黄金的机理、工业应用价值及潜力进行了概述,为进一步对其开发利用提供科学资料。  相似文献