基于本科生科研能力培养的普通昆虫学课程教学改革探讨     

王厚帅 《现代农业科技》2019,(10)

本文从本科生科研能力培养的角度探讨了普通昆虫学理论课、实验课、实习课及考核方式的教学改革,以期促进创新型植物保护人才的培育。  相似文献   

营业税改征增值税的税率评估——基于可计算一般均衡模型的研究     

李学林 《湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2013,(5):80-84

营业税改征增值税是完善我国税制的一个重要举措，确定各个产业部门改征增值税后的税率是其中一个关键的环节。运用可计算一般均衡模型可以评估营业税改征增值税之后不同税率的选择对宏观经济和产业结构的影响。政策模拟的结果显示，目前正在实施的营业税改征增值税的试点方案权衡了对财政收入和经济增长以及经济结构的影响，是对经济运行影响较小的稳健选择。  相似文献   

The Economic Significance of Hunting Tourism in East Lapland,Finland     

Anne Matilainen  Susanna Keskinarkaus  Hannu Törmä 《Human Dimensions of Wildlife》2016,21(3):203-222

Uses of game resources are under constant debate. One such debate focuses on hunting tourism and its contributions to rural economics. To prioritize future investment and inform policy decisions, it is necessary to identify the full economic consequences of the operation of hunting tourism companies in rural areas. However, the true economic significance of these typically small-scale companies is not apparent when examined on an industrial scale. These companies may nevertheless serve as a sustainable solution to local-scale rural challenges. In this article, the regional economic significance of hunting tourism is estimated for the East Lapland sub-region of northern Finland through the use of Computable General Equilibrium simulation models. Although these models are known to effectively evaluate short- and long-term regional economic effects of industries such as tourism, they have not previously been applied to evaluate hunting tourism.  相似文献   

Catch per unit effort standardization of the eastern Bering Sea walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) fleet     

Brian C. Battaile  Terrance J. Quinn II   《Fisheries Research》2004,70(2-3):161-177

A general linear model (GLM) was used to standardize catch per unit effort (CPUE) data for Alaska walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) from the Bering Sea fleet for the years 1995–1999. Data were stratified temporally by year and season and spatially by area using either Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G) or National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) reporting areas. Four factors were used: vessel identification (ID) number, vessel speed, percentage of pollock by weight in the haul (a measure of targeting), and whether most of the haul took place before or after sunset. At least 29 combinations of main effects, quadratic covariates, and interactions were tested for each year/area/season stratum. GLM models explained from 31 to 48% of the total sums of squares. Vessel identification number was included in all models and explained the most variability. Of the remaining factors, the square of the percentage of pollock in the haul was included in most models, following an F-test to determine parsimony. Analysis of the vessel identification number coefficients indicated that larger vessels tended to have higher CPUEs; and that this relationship differed between dedicated catcher vessels and offshore catcher processors. Coefficient estimates and response surfaces generally indicated increased CPUEs with the percentage of pollock in the haul and showed mixed results with vessel speed. The vessel identification number incorporated most vessel characteristics, leaving vessel speed primarily as a fitting variable with less biological meaning. The year/area/season stratification procedure was found to be necessary due to the unbalanced design, which otherwise would have factor levels with no data in a large combined model. In addition, the stratification procedure reduced the variability in CPUE substantially.  相似文献   

Characterizing environmental and spatial variables associated with the incidental catch of olive ridley (Lepidochelys olivacea) in the Eastern Tropical Pacific purse‐seine fishery          下载免费PDF全文

Jose T. Montero  Raul O. Martinez‐Rincon  Selina S. Heppell  Martin Hall  Michael Ewal 《Fisheries Oceanography》2016,25(1):1-14

In the Eastern Tropical Pacific (ETP), a region of high fishing activity, olive ridley (Lepidochelis olivacea) and other sea turtles are accidentally caught in fishing nets with tuna and other animals. To date, the interaction between fishing activity, ocean conditions and sea turtle incidental catch in the ETP has been described and quantified, but the factors leading to the interaction of olive ridleys and fishing activity are not well understood. This information is essential for the development of future management strategies that avoid bycatch and incidental captures of sea turtles. We used Generalized additive models (GAM) to analyze the relationship between olive ridley incidental catch per unit effort (iCPUE) in the ETP purse‐seine fisheries and environmental conditions, geographic extent and fishing set type (associated with dolphins, floating objects or in free‐swimming tuna schools). Our results suggest that water temperature, set type and geographic location (latitude, longitude and distance to nesting beaches) are the most important predictor variables to describe the probability of a capture event, with the highest iCPUE observed in sets made over floating objects. With the environmental predictors used, sea surface temperatures (SST) of 26–30°C and chlorophyll‐a (chl‐a) concentrations <0.36 mg m^?3 were associated with the highest probability of an incidental catch. Temporally, the highest probability of an incidental catch was observed in the second half of the year (June to December). Four regions were observed as high incidental catch hotspots: North and south of the equator between 0–10°N; 0–10°S and from 120 to 140°W; and along the Colombian coast and surrounding regions.  相似文献   

Predicting the age of fish using general and generalized linear models of biometric data: A case study of two estuarine finfish from New South Wales, Australia     

Faith A. Ochwada  James P. Scandol  Charles A. Gray 《Fisheries Research》2008,90(1-3):187-197

Direct ageing of fish can be a laborious and expensive task when age estimates from a large population are required, and often involves a degree of subjectivity. This study examined the application of general and generalized linear models that predict the age of fish from a range of efficiently and objectively measured covariates. The data sampled were from yellowfin bream (Acanthopagrus australis (Sparidae) (Owen, 1853)) and sand whiting (Sillago ciliata (Sillaginidae) Cuvier, 1829) populations from New South Wales, Australia. The covariates evaluated in the models were fish length, otolith weight, sex and location (the estuary from which the fish were sampled). Akaike Information Criteria were used for model selection and residual plots of the final models revealed a satisfactory fit to the observations. The best fitting model for each species included all covariates. An additional investigation considered whether general and generalized linear models that predict age from two different categories of biometric information outperform age-length keys with respect to subsequent estimates of total mortality from catch-curve analysis. The two categories of biometric information differed in the ease and cost with which the information could be collected. The first category only included fish length and location as covariates, whilst the second category also included otolith weight and sex. It was found that traditional age-length keys outperformed the predictive models that estimated age from only fish length and location, because the results from the models were prone to significant bias. However, when otolith weight and sex were added as covariates to the predictive models, some of them, including a generalized linear model with a Poisson-distributed response variable, performed similarly to the age-length key. Given that otolith weight and the sex of fish are cheaper to quantify than age from a sectioned otolith in many situations, general or generalized linear models may represent a cheaper and faster method of estimating mortality compared to age-length keys. Such models can also easily incorporate the influence of spatial, temporal and demographic variation.  相似文献   

小麦杂种优势群分类方法的比较研究     

蒲宗君刘仲齐  杨武云颜泽洪 郑有良 《麦类作物学报》2004,24(4):17-20

分类的方法和依据不同，小麦群内和群间杂种优势的测定结果也不同。为了客观评价各类方法的优劣，作者根据小麦产量性状、产量性状的一般配合力、RAPD标记等将小麦品种(系)分别归为不同的类群，试验结果表明：以RAPD标记为分类依据效果最好，GroupI与Group Ⅲ间具有明显的杂种优势，它们F1杂种的平均产量优势高达18．8％。以产量构成因素为分类依据效果稍差，但仍能区分开优势群和非优势群，群间杂种的平均产量优势最高为15．06％。以一般配合力为分类依据效果最差，群间杂种的平均产量优势甚至不及群内杂种，最高的群内杂种优势也仅有12．1％。因此认为小麦杂种优势群的建立应以RAPD标记为主要依据，兼顾产量性状，而根据亲本的一般配合力无法准确预测杂种的产量优势。  相似文献   

玉米人工合成群体产量相关性状选择潜势及杂种优势模式分析   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5  

铁双贵  卢彩霞  丁勇  郑用链 《华北农学报》2002,17(1):30-34

采用NCⅡ遗传交配设计 ,以分属于不同杂种优势群的 6个自交系做测验种 ,与 6个合成群体组配成 36个组合。结果表明 :单株产量的GCA以LBM最高 ,其次为WBM ,从株型、穗型性状的SCA分析合成群体与自交系组成了 9个优良杂种优势模式。单株产量最高的组合为HZ85×WBM ,其均值为 10 8 75g。通过对优良杂优模式内的变异参数估计 ,在群体内有丰富的变异个体 ,具有很强的选择潜势。组合内个体产量分布以及出现的频率对选系和轮回选择具有明确的指导意义。人工合成群体具有丰富的遗传变异 ,分属于不同的杂种优势类群 ,具有多元种质的特性。作为选系和轮回选择群体 ,具有明显的选择潜势  相似文献   

冬小麦生育早期长势反演模型通用性研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李树强  李民赞 《农业机械学报》2014,45(2):246-250

分析了生育早期(返青期、拔节前期、拔节后期)各阶段的冠层叶片光谱特性与叶绿素含量的关系,基于单波段反射率构建了一元预测模型,同样基于植被指数构建了多元叶绿素含量的反演模型,对两类建模方法构建的叶绿素含量预测模型进行了同生长阶段预测(SPV)和后续生长阶段的交叉预测(CPV),比较了模型的预测效果,得出了构建冬小麦生育早期冠层叶片叶绿素含量的通用预测模型的建模策略。研究结果表明:以返青期冠层叶片单波段反射率构建的一元反演模型,具有一定的模型通用性,能够较为准确的预测拔节前期的叶片叶绿素含量。利用偏最小二乘原理构建多元反演模型具有良好的通用性和较强的鲁棒性,能够较好地反演冬小麦生育早期冠层叶片叶绿素含量。而以MPRI、NDVI、RVI为组合构建的多元模型兼具通用性和简练性,可以作为多元预测模型构建的参考组合。  相似文献   

12个优质蛋白玉米(QPM)近等基因系配合力效应及杂种优势探讨     

谭华  邹成林  郑德波  韦新兴  黄爱花  吴永升  莫润秀  蒋维萍  韦慧 《安徽农业科学》2015,(6):57-60

[目的]为了探讨12个QPM近等基因系主要农艺性状配合力效应及其产量杂种优势表现.[方法]以12个QPM近等基因系为母本,以5个有代表性自交系为父本,按NCⅡ设计组配60个杂交组合进行鉴定.[结果]QPM近等基因系Q3、Q7、Q10和Q6具有较高一般配合力(GCA)正向效应;Q12×CA339等8个组合具有较强产量特殊配合力(SCA)正向效应,Q1×F19等5个组合具有较优产量杂种优势表现.[结论]QPM近等基因系Q3、Q7、Q10和Q6对组配丰产型组合有较大育种利用潜势;组合Q12×CA339、Q1×F19、Q2×Q205、Q10×CML171、Q2×F19、Q2×F06、Q9×CA339、Q10×Q205具有较强杂种优势潜势;来自不同遗传背景普通玉米自交系转育的被测系种质具有较丰富的遗传基础.  相似文献