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1.
A. Comin T. Peric M. Corazzin M.C. Veronesi T. Meloni V. Zufferli G. Cornacchia A. Prandi 《Livestock Science》2013,152(1):36-41
This study was designed to assess hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation in lactating cows clinically or physiologically compromised. Cortisol was measured in the hair of 475 multiparous cows of Italian Friesian breed. The cows were classified into Groups A (n=218) and B (n=257). Group A included cows clinically compromised that had recently suffered a disease (e.g. metritis, laminitis, mastitis) or physiologically compromised that calved 1 month prior to hair sampling. Group B were clinically normal lactating cows at least 60 days after calving with somatic cell counts of less than 200,000 cells/ml in milk. Animals in Group A showed higher hair cortisol levels than those in Group B (P<0.01). Significant positive correlation (rpb=+0.352, P<0.001) was detected between hair cortisol and cows clinically or physiologically compromised. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.701 (SE 0.024) and a cut-off value of 4.17 pg/mg was found to discriminate between groups A and B with a sensitivity of 62.4% and specificity of 69.3%. The hair cortisol test emerged as useful to determine HPA activation and to enhance current understanding on the involvement of this axis in clinically or physiologically compromised cows. 相似文献
2.
K.A. Hart G.L. Heusner N.A. Norton M.H. Barton 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2009,23(2):344-351
Background: Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function is dynamic in the neonatal foal. The paired low dose/high dose cosyntropin (ACTH) stimulation test allows comprehensive HPA axis assessment, but has not been evaluated in neonatal foals.
Hypothesis: Foal age will significantly affect cortisol responses to a paired 10 and 100 μg dose cosyntropin stimulation test in healthy neonatal foals.
Animals: Twenty healthy neonatal foals.
Methods: HPA axis function was assessed in 12 foals at birth and at 12–24, 36–48 hours, and 5–7 days of age. At each age, basal cortisol and ACTH concentrations were measured and cortisol responses to 10 and 100 μg cosyntropin were assessed with a paired ACTH stimulation test protocol. Eight additional 36–48-hour-old foals received saline instead of 10 μg cosyntropin in the same-paired ACTH stimulation test design.
Results: At birth, foals had significantly higher basal cortisol and ACTH concentrations and higher basal ACTH : cortisol ratios compared with foals in all other age groups. A significant cortisol response to both the 10 and 100 μg doses of cosyntropin was observed in all foals. The magnitude of the cortisol response to both doses of cosyntropin was significantly different across age groups, with the most marked responses in younger foals. There was no effect of the paired ACTH stimulation test design itself on cortisol responses.
Conclusions and Clinical Importance: A paired 10 and 100 μg cosyntropin stimulation test can be used to evaluate HPA axis function in neonatal foals. Consideration of foal age is important in interpretation of HPA axis assessment. 相似文献
Hypothesis: Foal age will significantly affect cortisol responses to a paired 10 and 100 μg dose cosyntropin stimulation test in healthy neonatal foals.
Animals: Twenty healthy neonatal foals.
Methods: HPA axis function was assessed in 12 foals at birth and at 12–24, 36–48 hours, and 5–7 days of age. At each age, basal cortisol and ACTH concentrations were measured and cortisol responses to 10 and 100 μg cosyntropin were assessed with a paired ACTH stimulation test protocol. Eight additional 36–48-hour-old foals received saline instead of 10 μg cosyntropin in the same-paired ACTH stimulation test design.
Results: At birth, foals had significantly higher basal cortisol and ACTH concentrations and higher basal ACTH : cortisol ratios compared with foals in all other age groups. A significant cortisol response to both the 10 and 100 μg doses of cosyntropin was observed in all foals. The magnitude of the cortisol response to both doses of cosyntropin was significantly different across age groups, with the most marked responses in younger foals. There was no effect of the paired ACTH stimulation test design itself on cortisol responses.
Conclusions and Clinical Importance: A paired 10 and 100 μg cosyntropin stimulation test can be used to evaluate HPA axis function in neonatal foals. Consideration of foal age is important in interpretation of HPA axis assessment. 相似文献
3.
目的 研究复方柴金解郁片对慢性应激抑郁模型大鼠HPA轴及海马单胺神经递质的影响,探讨其可能的抗抑郁机制。方法 将SD大鼠随机分为6组：对照组、模型组、氟西汀组（5.4 mg/kg）、复方柴金解郁片高、中、低剂量组（2.74、1.37、0.68 g/kg）,采用慢性不可预见性温和应激建立抑郁模型,于造模同时给药,连续28 d。采用蔗糖偏好实验和旷场测试检测大鼠的抑郁样行为,Morris水迷宫检测大鼠的学习记忆能力,HE染色观察大鼠海马病理结果变化,ELISA法检测大鼠血浆促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素（CRH）、促肾上腺皮质激素（ACTH）、皮质酮（CORT）,以及海马5-羟色胺（5-HT）、5-羟吲哚乙酸（5-HIAA）、去甲肾上腺素（NA）、多巴胺（DA）的含量。结果 与抑郁模型组比较,复方柴金解郁片组大鼠蔗糖偏嗜度及活动次数均显著提高,学习记忆能力提升,海马病理损伤情况得到缓解,血浆CRH、ACTH、CORT含量下降,海马组织内5-HT、NA、DA含量上升,5-HIAA含量下降（P<0.05）。结论 复方柴金解郁片能显著改善模型大鼠情绪和学习记忆功能、缓解海马组织损伤,其作用可能与抑制HPA轴亢进、增加脑内单胺递质含量有关。 相似文献
4.
Maternal stress in pregnant sows may induce long-lasting alterations in the behavior, physiology, and immunity of their offspring. The aim of the present study was to investigate the consequences of repeated social stress during late gestation on determinants of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and on hippocampal neurotransmitter profiles in pig offspring. All pregnant gilts were housed in pairs. Each Stress gilt was mixed with an unfamiliar gilt twice a week between days 77 and 105 of gestation (n = 18). Control gilts were housed in stable pairs over the same period (n = 18). Plasma cortisol and corticosteroid binding globulin (CBG) were measured in 1 male and 1 female per litter in a basal situation on postnatal days (PND) 4, 26, and 60 and in a stressful situation at PND 28 (2 d after weaning) and 62 (2 d after relocation to a new building). Prenatal stress had no effect on plasma cortisol, but it decreased CBG at PND 26. Brain and adrenals were collected from 1 female per litter after weaning or relocation at PND 28 and PND 62. Adrenals were additionally collected at PND 4. Glucocorticoid receptor binding in the hippocampus and hypothalamus was not affected by prenatal treatment. However, prenatal stress increased the expression of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 mRNA in the hippocampus after weaning (P < 0.05) and after relocation (P = 0.08). In addition, prenatally stressed piglets showed an increased 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid to 5-hydroxytryptamine ratio in the hippocampus after weaning and increased hippocampal c-fos mRNA expression and noradrenaline concentration after relocation (P < 0.05). Prenatal stress also increased the relative adrenal weight at PND 4 and the cell density in the cortex and the medulla at PND 28, whereas no difference was found for activities of catecholamine-synthesising enzymes in the medulla. Overall, our data indicate that repeated social stress during pregnancy has long-lasting consequences on hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and hippocampal neurotransmitter activity in the offspring of pigs. 相似文献
5.
Adrenal cortex reactivity in dairy cows differs between lactational stages and between different feeding levels 
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下载免费PDF全文 J. J. Gross R. S. Zbinden F. Dohme‐Meier R. M. Bruckmaier 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2018,102(1):e309-e315
Changes in ACTH challenge test characteristics in dairy cows changing their physiological status at different lactational stages and different feeding levels were not investigated in terms of repeatability yet. In 23 multiparous Holstein cows (10 cows fed a sole fresh herbage diet without concentrate, 13 cows fed with concentrate), three ACTH challenge tests were performed: once during pregnancy shortly prior to drying off ( T1 ), and in week 3 ( T2 ) and 8 ( T3 ) after parturition. Test characteristics were correlated to performance and metabolic parameters: DMI, BW, energy balance (EB), plasma concentrations of free fatty acids (NEFA) and beta‐hydroxybutyrate (BHB). Basal plasma cortisol concentrations were higher at T1 compared with T2 and T3 (p < .05). The adrenal cortex sensitivity (expressed as total AUC (AUCt) of cortisol response after ACTH application) was lowest at T2 compared with T1 and T3 (p < .05). Ranking of the individual animals’ responses was not repeatable between time points of the ACTH tests. Enhancing the energy deficiency during early lactation by omission of concentrate did not affect baseline cortisol concentrations in plasma, but decreased peak height at T2 (p < .05). Baseline plasma cortisol concentrations were positively correlated with cortisol peak values after ACTH application, previous lactation performance, milk yield and BW (p < .05). The AUCt was positively correlated with baseline cortisol concentrations, EB and DMI. Cortisol release after ACTH injection was lower in animals with high plasma concentrations of NEFA, BHB and with higher contents of fat and free fatty acids in milk (p < .05). Cortisol peak height after ACTH administration was higher in cows with a more positive EB, higher DMI and lower plasma concentrations of NEFA and BHB. In summary, cortisol responses to ACTH challenges in this study were not repeatable in dairy cows changing their physiological status. 相似文献
6.
本试验旨在研究脂多糖(LPS)刺激对仔猪下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺(HPA)轴Toll样受体4(TLR4)信号通路关键基因表达的影响。选取12头断奶仔猪,分成2个组,每个组6个重复。试验组注射100μg/kg体重的LPS,对照组注射等量的生理盐水。注射LPS或生理盐水4 h后采血,测定血浆中与应激相关激素的含量;采血后屠宰仔猪,取下丘脑、垂体、肾上腺,测定TLR4信号通路关键基因的mRNA表达水平,包括TLR4、髓样分化因子88(My D88)、白细胞介素-1受体相关激酶1(IRAK1)、肿瘤坏死因子受体相关因子6(TRAF6)和核转录因子-κB(NF-κB)mRNA表达水平。结果表明:与对照组相比,1)LPS刺激导致血浆肿瘤坏死因子-α、皮质醇和促肾上腺皮质激素含量显著上升(P<0.05)。2)LPS刺激导致TLR4信号通路关键基因TLR4在下丘脑、垂体、肾上腺中mRNA表达水平显著升高(P<0.05);My D88在垂体、肾上腺中mRNA表达水平显著升高(P<0.05),在下丘脑中mRNA表达水平有升高的趋势(P<0.10);IRAK1在垂体、肾上腺中mRNA表达水平有升高的趋势(P<0.10);TRAF6在下丘脑、垂体、肾上腺中mRNA表达水平显著升高(P<0.05);NF-κB在垂体中mRNA表达水平显著升高(P<0.05)。试验结果表明LPS刺激激活了HPA轴,诱导了HPA轴的TLR4信号通路关键基因的表达。 相似文献
7.
J. Gottschalk A. Einspanier F.R. Ungemach G. Abraham 《Research in veterinary science》2011,90(3):491-497
The influence of two topical dexamethasone applications (dermal and ototopical) on plasma insulin, glucose, thyroid hormone and cortisol levels was investigated in beagle dogs. Both treatments significantly decreased basal cortisol values, associated with exaggerated rise in insulin (∼50%), together with unchanged serum glucose levels. Dermal dexamethasone quickly decreased plasma thyroxin (T4) levels; whereas dexamethasone in ear drops gradually inhibited time-dependently T4 release (18–50%). Both formulations blunted plasma triiodothyronine (T3) levels but the response induced by dermal dexamethasone was stronger than by dexamethasone ear drops. Upon drug withdrawal, insulin secretion returned to baseline a week after treatment cessation, while cortisol, T4 and T3 levels did not reach baseline values. These results suggest that topical glucocorticoids unexpectedly trigger secondary hypothyroidism with concomitant suppression of hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis but sensitize the endocrine pancreas, thus, their application needs careful evaluation for surprisingly different effects on endocrine stress axis activity. 相似文献
8.
E. Terenina B.M. Babigumira G. Le Mignon D. Bazovkina S. Rousseau F. Salin C. Bendixen P. Mormede 《Domestic animal endocrinology》2013
The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis exerts a large range of effects on metabolism, the immune system, inflammatory processes, and brain functions. Together with the sympathetic nervous system, it is also the most important stress-responsive neuroendocrine system. Both systems influence production traits, carcass composition, and meat quality. The HPA axis may be a critical target for genetic selection of more robust animals. Indeed, numerous studies in various species have demonstrated the importance of genetic factors in shaping the individual HPA axis phenotype, and genetic polymorphism can be found at each level of the axis, including hormone production by the adrenal cortices under stimulation by adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), hormone bioavailability, or receptor and postreceptor mechanisms. The aim of the present experiment was to extend these findings to the brain neurochemical systems involved in stress responses. To this end, a number of candidate genes were sequenced for molecular polymorphisms and their association was studied with stress neuroendocrine and production traits in a genetically diverse population consisting of 100 female pigs from an advanced intercross (F10-F12) between 2 highly divergent breeds, Large White (LW) and Meishan (MS). The LW breed has a high production potential for lean meat and a low HPA axis activity, and the MS breed has low growth rate, fat carcasses—but large litters of highly viable piglets—and a high HPA axis activity. Candidate genes were chosen in the catecholaminergic and serotonergic pathways, in the pituitary control of cortisol production, among genes previously demonstrated to be differentially expressed in ACTH-stimulated adrenal glands from LW and MS pigs, and in cortisol receptors. Sixty new polymorphisms were found. The association study with carcass and meat quality traits and with endocrine traits showed a number of significant results, such as monoamine oxidase (MAOA) polymorphisms with growth rate (P = 0.01); lean content and intramuscular fat (P < 0.01), which are the most important traits for carcass value; dopamine receptor D3 (DRD3) with carcass composition (P < 0.05); and vasopressin receptor 1B (AVPR1B) with meat quality traits (P ≤ 0.05). The effect of these polymorphisms on neuroendocrine parameters (eg DRD3 and HPA axis or AVPR1B and catecholamines) indicates information regarding their biological mechanism of action. 相似文献
9.
Adesola Odunayo DVM MS John R. Dodam DVM MS PhD DACVA Marie E. Kerl DVM DACVIM DACVECC Amy E. DeClue DVM MS DACVIM 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2010,20(4):376-385
Objective – To review the immunomodulatory effects of opioids. Data Sources – Original research publications and review articles using the PubMed search engine with the following keywords – opioids, morphine, immuomodulation, and immunosuppression. Veterinary and Human Data Synthesis – Opioids have been shown to modulate the immune system in animal models by affecting both the acquired and innate arms of the immune system. Natural killer cell activity, T‐cell proliferation, antibody production, phagocytic cell function, and cytokine production have all been shown to be affected by opioids. Many of these effects are reversed by opioid antagonists. Opioids have also been shown to induce sepsis in laboratory animals. Opioid administration alters immune parameters in healthy humans at analgesic doses and may increase the risk of infection in some patient populations. Conclusions – While opioids remain the most powerful and widely used analgesics available, their negative effects on the immune system are well established in the laboratory setting. Thoughtful consideration should be given to the use of certain opioids in critically ill patients, especially those with pre‐existing immunocompromise. 相似文献
10.
旨在探讨单笼饲养、双笼饲养、散养和网上平养四种养殖模式对蛋鸭（Anas platyrhynchos）产蛋性能的影响及其影响机制。191羽优质蛋鸭品种山麻鸭被分成单笼、双笼、网上平养、散养四组,记录其产蛋率和日耗料量,研究不同饲养模式对产蛋性能的影响。同时,应用real-time PCR技术检测在不同养殖模式下山麻鸭下丘脑、垂体、卵巢、肾上腺等组织中产蛋相关基因的表达,筛选出其中差异表达基因。结果表明,双笼饲养的山麻鸭产蛋性能和饲料转化率最低,单笼饲养的产蛋性能最佳。产蛋相关基因差异表达检测发现,在不同饲养模式下,促肾上腺激素释放激素（corticotropin-releasing hormone, CRH）基因在下丘脑和垂体组织中,阿黑皮素原（proopiomelanocortin, POMC）基因在垂体组织中的表达无显著差异。在双笼饲养模式下,黑素皮质素受体（melanocortin 2 receptor, MC2R）基因在山麻鸭垂体中的表达量最高,催乳素受体（prolactin receptor, PRLR）基因在卵巢中表达量最高,而骨形态发生蛋白4（bone morphogenetic proteins 4,BMP4）基因在卵巢中表达量最低。结果提示,（1）双笼饲养会导致蛋鸭的产蛋性能下降; （2）双笼饲养的蛋鸭可能长期处于应激状态,诱使垂体中MC2R基因高表达,进而调控HPA轴激素分泌,抑制HPG轴的活性,使得卵巢中的PRLR及BMP4等产蛋相关基因异常表达,两个信号通路交互作用,最终影响了蛋鸭的产蛋性能。 相似文献