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Raghavendra G Amachawadi Wesley A Tom Michael P Hays Samodha C Fernando Philip R Hardwidge T G Nagaraja 《Journal of animal science》2021,99(4)
Liver abscesses in feedlot cattle are polymicrobial infections. Culture-based studies have identified Fusobacterium necrophorum as the primary causative agent, but a number of other bacterial species are frequently isolated. The incidence of liver abscesses is highly variable and is affected by a number of factors, including cattle type. Holstein steers raised for beef production have a higher incidence than crossbred feedlot cattle. Tylosin is the commonly used antimicrobial feed additive to reduce the incidence of liver abscesses. The objective of this study was to utilize 16S ribosomal RNA amplicon sequence analyses to analyze the bacterial community composition of purulent material of liver abscesses of crossbred cattle (n = 24) and Holstein steers (n = 24), each fed finishing diet with or without tylosin. DNA was extracted and the V3 and V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene were amplified, sequenced, and analyzed. The minimum, mean, and maximum sequence reads per sample were 996, 177,070, and 877,770, respectively, across all the liver abscess samples. Sequence analyses identified 5 phyla, 14 families, 98 genera, and 102 amplicon sequence variants (ASV) in the 4 treatment groups. The dominant phyla identified were Fusobacteria (52% of total reads) and Proteobacteria (33%). Of the top 25 genera identified, 17 genera were Gram negative and 8 were Gram positive. The top 3 genera, which accounted for 75% of the total reads, in the order of abundance, were Fusobacterium, Pseudomonas, and Bacteroides. The relative abundance, expressed as percent of total reads, of phyla, family, and genera did not differ (P > 0.05) between the 4 treatment groups. Generic richness and evenness, determined by Shannon–Weiner and Simpson’s diversity indices, respectively, did not differ between the groups. The UniFrac distance matrices data revealed no clustering of the ASV indicating variance between the samples within each treatment group. Co-occurrence network analysis at the genus level indicated a strong association of Fusobacterium with 15 other genera, and not all of them have been previously isolated from liver abscesses. In conclusion, the culture-independent method identified the bacterial composition of liver abscesses as predominantly Gram negative and Fusobacterium as the dominant genus, followed by Pseudomonas. The bacterial community composition did not differ between crossbred and Holstein steers fed finishing diets with or without tylosin. 相似文献
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实验旨在探究奶牛乳房炎的风险因素,建立奶牛乳房炎风险评估模型,预测奶牛乳房炎患病风险。本研究利用北京地区1998—2016年196万余条奶牛群体改良(Dairy Herd Improvement,DHI)测定记录,将具有统计学意义的因素进行多因素Logistic回归分析,分析其中的风险因素,并建立奶牛乳房炎风险评估模型,通过大量DHI记录进行奶牛乳房炎患病风险预测研究。多因素Logistic回归分析结果发现,场规模越大,奶牛患乳房炎的概率相对越小;胎次越高,奶牛患乳房炎的概率越大;夏季奶牛患乳房炎的概率比其他季节的概率高;泌乳天数高于300 d的奶牛患乳房炎风险约为泌乳天数低于100 d奶牛的2倍。使用北京地区DHI记录进行Logistic回归分析得出,奶牛隐性乳房炎风险评估模型和奶牛临床乳房炎风险评估模型预测价值分别为0.721和0.825,认为可以应用于实际牛群。综上,本研究中确定的奶牛场规模、胎次、DHI测定季节、泌乳阶段等风险因素可用于奶牛乳房炎预测,并构建了奶牛隐性乳房炎、临床乳房炎的风险评估模型,以减少奶牛群的乳房炎发生概率。 相似文献
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Genetic associations between milk fat‐to‐protein ratio,milk production and fertility in the first two lactations of Thai Holsteins dairy cattle 
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下载免费PDF全文 Somsook Puangdee Monchai Duangjinda Wuttigrai Boonkum Suporn Katawatin Sayan Buaban Mongkol Thepparat 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(5):723-730
The aims of this study were to estimate, simultaneously, the genetic parameters of test‐day milk fat‐to‐protein ratio (FPR), test‐day milk yield (MY), and days‐open (DO) in the first two lactations of Thai Holsteins. A total of 76 194 test‐day production records collected from 8874 cows with 8674 DO records between 2001 and 2011 from different lactations were treated as separated traits. The estimates of heritability for test‐day FPR in the first lactation showed an increasing trend, whereas the estimates in the second lactation showed a U‐shape trend. Genetic correlations for FPR‐DO and MY‐DO showed a decreasing trend along days in milk (DIM) in both lactations, whereas genetic correlations for FPR‐MY increased along DIM in the first lactation but decreased in the second lactation. Genetic correlations of FPR between consecutive DIM were moderate to high, which showed the effectiveness of simultaneous analyses. Selection of FPR in the early stage has no adverse effect on MY and DO for the first lactation but has a negative effect on MY and positive effect on DO for the second lactation. This study showed that genetic improvement of the energy balance using FPR, MY and DO with multi‐trait test day model could be applied in a Thailand dairy cattle breeding program. 相似文献
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木文利用大同奶牛场从１９９１年到１９９３年５次共６５４头成母牛体型线性鉴定的资料，对１５个主要性状及由此计算出的体型整体评分进行了通径分析，结果表明：体型线性性状间的相关，除少数达到中等或中等以上程度外，大部分都很小。应用体高、蹄角度、前房附着、尻宽、体强等性状来直接选择体型整体评分将是有效的。 相似文献
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Satoshi Yamaguchi Yutaka Masuda Satoshi Nakagawa Hayato Abe Yusaku Gotoh Toshimi Baba Takayoshi Kawahara 《Animal Science Journal》2019,90(8):915-923
The objectives of this study were to estimate the heritability of mastitis incidence and genetic correlations between the mastitis and the somatic cell score (SCS) statistics, and to compare the practicability between different models. We used test‐day records with the mastitis incidence and SCS collected from Holstein cows calving from 1988 to 2015 in Hokkaido, Japan. As indicators of mastitis, the average SCS (avSCS), the standard deviation of SCS (sdSCS), and the maximum SCS (maxSCS) were calculated using test‐day records up to the first 305 days in milk within a lactation. We compared a four‐trait repeatability animal model (MTRP) with a four‐trait multiple‐lactation animal model (MTML). The heritability for mastitis was equal to or lower than 0.05 in all the models. Genetic correlations between lactations with MTML within the same trait were positive and close to 1. With MTRP, the estimated genetic correlations of the mastitis incidence with avSCS, sdSCS, and maxSCS were 0.66, 0.79, and 0.82, respectively. A joint evaluation with SCS statistics is expected to give an extra reliability for mastitis because of high and positive genetic correlations among the traits. 相似文献
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马占海 《青海畜牧兽医杂志》2003,33(2):17-17
选择8头中国荷斯坦奶牛随机分为两组，每组4头，试验组牛每日每头在日粮中添加40ml畜禽营养液，对照且牛不添加，只喂基础日粮。结果表明：试验组比对照组产奶量提高了1．20kg，每天每头增收2．4元。 相似文献
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DINGKe-wei TAKEOKayaba 《东北农业大学学报(英文版)》2004,11(1):23-29
The objectives of this study were to set up a new genetic evaluation procedure to predict the breeding values of Holstein herds in Heilongjiang Province of China for milk and fat production by utilizing Canadian pedigree and genetic evaluation information and to compare the breeding values of the sires from different countries. The data used for evaluating young sires for the Chinese Holstein population consisted of records selected from 21 herds in Heilongjiang Province. The first lactation records of 2 496 daughters collected in 1989 and 2000 were analyzed. A single-trait animal model including a fixed herd-year effect, random animal and residual effects was used by utilizing Canadian pedigree and genetic evaluation information of 5126 sires released from the Canadian Dairy Network in August 2000. The BLUP procedure was used to evaluate all cattle in this study and the Estimated Breeding Values (EBV) for milk and fat production of 6697 cattle (including 673 sires and 6024 cows) were predicted. The genetic levels of the top 100 sires originated from different countries were compared. Unlike the BLUP procedure that is being used in conjunction with the single-trait sire model in Heilongjiang Province of China now, the genetic evaluation procedure used in this study not only can be used simultaneously to evaluate sires and cows but also increase the accuracy of evaluation due to using the relationships and genetic values of the Canadian evaluated sires with more daughters. The results showed that the new procedure was useful for genetic evaluation of dairy herds and the comparison of the breeding values of these sires imported from different countries showed that a significant genetic improvement has been achieved for milk production of the Heilongjiang Holstein dairy population by importing sires from foreign countries, especially from the United States due to the higher breeding values. 相似文献
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Koichi Hagiya Kiyoshi Hayasaka Takeshi Yamazaki Tatsuo Shirai Takefumi Osawa Yoshinori Terawaki Yoshitaka Nagamine Yutaka Masuda Mitsuyoshi Suzuki 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(1):3-10
We examined the effects of heat stress (HS) on production traits, somatic cell score (SCS) and conception rate at first insemination (CR) in Holsteins in Japan. We used a total of 228 242 records of milk, fat and protein yields, and SCS for the first three lactations, as well as of CR in heifers and in first‐ and second‐lactation cows that had calved for the first time between 2000 and 2012. Records from 47 prefectural weather stations throughout Japan were used to calculate the temperature–humidity index (THI); areas were categorized into three regional groups: no HS (THI < 72), mild HS (72 ≤ THI < 79), and moderate HS (THI ≥ 79). Trait records from the three HS‐region groups were treated as three different traits and trivariate animal models were used. The genetic correlations between milk yields from different HS groups were very high (0.91 to 0.99). Summer calving caused the greatest increase in SCS, and in the first and second lactations this increase became greater as THI increased. In cows, CR was affected by the interaction between HS group and insemination month: with summer and early autumn insemination, there was a reduction in CR, and it was much larger in the mild‐ and moderate‐HS groups than in the no‐HS group. 相似文献
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将20头安装瘤胃瘘管的荷斯坦产奶牛随机分为对照组和试验Ⅰ～Ⅲ组,每组5头,对照组饲喂TMR,试验Ⅰ～Ⅲ组饲喂TMR分别加150．0g／（头·d）复合脂肪酸、乳酸和复合脂肪酸＋乳酸（1：1）,探讨复合脂肪酸和乳酸对奶牛瘤胃CH4释放量、VFA和NH3-N浓度及产奶性能的影响。结果显示,TMR加150．0g／（头·d）复合脂肪酸＋2L酸（1：1）,使奶牛瘤胃NH3-N和CH4释放量分别减少11．92％（P〈0．05）和21.35％（P〈0．01）,FCM、乳脂率和乳糖含量分别提高3．28％、5．12％和3．62％,瘤胃VFA明显增加,能够有效抑制奶牛对空气的CH4污染．显著提高奶牛的生态效益和经济效益。 相似文献
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