秦川牛近交与近交衰退的分析     

王金良  杜建昌 《中国牛业科学》1992,18(1):10-14

本文分析了陕西省秦川牛场秦川牛群近交及其对初生重、断奶重及哺乳期成活率的影响,并采用标准群体遗传学模型分析了秦川牛的致死当量。研究发现,30多年来秦川牛群平均近交系数呈明显的上升趋势,而且近交对成活率、初生重及断奶重均有一定危害;秦川牛群体的隐性有害基因含量较少,平均每个个体约携带2.05个致死当量。  相似文献   

正反反复选择下近交对褐壳蛋鸡饲料利用率和繁殖性状的影响     

王爱国 Pirch.  F 《畜牧兽医学报》1993,24(3):193-199

本文估计了褐壳蛋鸡洛岛红(AA)和浅花苏赛克斯(BB)在正反反复选择(RRS)下的近交系数,分析了近交对选择标准饲料利用率及其相关性状和繁殖性状的影响。试验群体由两纯种及其正反交组合和相应的对照组组成。经过7个世代的RRS和近交试验,试验组AA和BB(括弧里为对照组1AA和1BB)用系谱材料计算出的平均累积近交系数分别为2.58％和3.23％(9.33和8.17%)或每代为0.43%(1.35%),用有效群体含量估计出的AA与BB的相应数值为2.91％与2.83％(5.84%与5.92％)或每代为0.42％(0.86％)。1％近交系数导致的孵化率和饲料利用率的近交衰退较严重(0.5％和0.4％),其次是产蛋性状(约0.3％),而体重和蛋重只有0.1％左右。在本研究中,通过连续7代的RRS与合适的留种率等措施,成功地将闭锁群体的近交系数控制在3%以下的低水平,消除或减轻了近交对饲料利用率等重要经济性状的不利影响。  相似文献   

苎麻自交一代分离和变异的研究     

郭清泉  刘飞虎 《湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》1989,(Z1)

1983～1985年以“黄壳早”、“芦竹青”、“古巴苎麻”和“武冈红皮种”为材料进行自交,并观测了自交一代的分离和变异情况,研究结果表明:a.根据自交一代的形态分类,可将“芦竹青”繁殖后代分为40个类型,“芦竹青”自交一代的麻骨颜色分离为四种,其分离比例为9.3:4.2:3:0.7,基本符合孟德尔遗传规律;b.个体间产量性状差异很大,株高变冥为0.23～1.68m,茎粗变异为0.48～1.14 cm,有效株变异为1～23株;c.40个类型的纤维细度的变异呈正态分布,变异为1168～1905公支,最细的类型和最粗的类型相差747支上述结果表明:苎麻自交后代的形态性状、产量性状和纤维细度均产生显著的分离和差异。  相似文献   

基于BP神经网络的润滑流量因子系数的预测     

孟凡明  张优云 《农业机械学报》2003,34(3):103-104,114

因现有润滑方程中的流量因子系数值有限，不能满足摩擦学研究的需要。本文利用BP神经网络，使用L—M规则，对润滑方程中流量因子系数进行了预测。训练时，以微凸体的纵横比v为输入样本,输出样本为压力流量因子的两个系数。结果表明：训练良好的BP网络输出数据与实测数据吻合较好，并具有收敛速度快等特点。  相似文献   

华北平原地区农村生活污水产污特征研究     

张磊  裴国霞  张玉华  刘东生  李想  谭平 《农业环境保护》2012,(2):410-415

为了解华北平原地区农村生活污水产污特征,准确评价农村生活污染状况,本研究选取华北平原地区典型农村（保定市徐水县荆塘铺村）不同收入水平的15户典型农户,对其生活污水的产污情况进行12个月（2010年8月至2011年7月）的调查和监测,得到农户的生活污水人均日产生量、pH、COD、TAN、TN和TP的产污系数。农户生活污水人均日产生量为21.03L·d-1·人-1,pH值为6.14,COD、TAN、TN和TP的产污系数分别为7.87、0.581、1.31g·d-1·人-1和0.0662g·d-1·人-1。各项指标从高到低依次为中收入水平农户,高收入水平农户和低收入水平农户,且高中收入水平农户与低收入水平农户各项指标差异性较显著。以上结果表明华北平原地区农村生活污水人均日产生量和污染物产污系数与收入水平有关。  相似文献   

太阳能加热的地上式户用沼气生产系统热性能分析   总被引：1，自引：4，他引：1  

冯荣  李金平  李修真  杨捷媛 《农业工程学报》2015,31(15):196-200

为对太阳能加热的地上式户用沼气生产系统的推广应用和优化设计提供指导,试验研究了该型系统的热性能,对系统中真空管太阳能热水器日平均集热效率、沼气池散热量和热水-料液传热系数与相关因素的关系进行了分析。试验表明,当日平均环境温度在-2.1~-8.6℃变化时,沼气池内料液温度可维持在(27±2)℃的范围内。得到了太阳能热水器日平均集热效率、沼气池散热量和热水-料液传热系数的计算公式;研究发现沼气池内料液温度对热水-料液传热系数的影响很大,随着料液温度的提高,传热系数显著增加。  相似文献   

Effects of inbreeding on nodal root system morphology and architecture of white clover (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Trifolium repens</Emphasis> L.)     

Shirley N. Nichols  James R. Crush  Derek R. Woodfield 《Euphytica》2007,156(3):365-373

Plants of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) cultivar Crau, a self-fertile Crau genotype, and nine generations of inbred progeny were raised in sand culture in a glasshouse experiment. Digital images of the root systems were made and root morphological characteristics were determined on all the plants. Root architectural parameters were measured on the Crau parent and the S₁, S₄, S₆, and S₉ inbred lines. The clover roots became shorter and thicker with inbreeding but the number of root tips per plant was unchanged. Root architecture (branching pattern) was largely unaffected by inbreeding. It is concluded that inbreeding white clover will lead to shorter, thicker roots, and reduced nutrient uptake efficiency compared with the parent clover. The degree to which these deleterious traits are overcome during the development of F₁ hybrids needs to be determined.  相似文献   

Water use of spring wheat to raise water productivity   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

R. López-Urrea  A. Montoro  P. López-Fuster 《Agricultural Water Management》2009,96(9):1305-1310

In semi-arid environments with a shortage of water resources and a risk of overexplotation of water supplies, spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a crop that can reduce water use and increase water productivity, because it takes advantage of spring rainfall and is harvested before the evaporative demands of summer. We carried out an experiment in 2003 at “Las Tiesas” farm, located between Barrax and Albacete (Central Spain), to improve accuracy in the estimation of wheat evapotranspiration (ETc) by using a weighing lysimeter. The measured seasonal ETc averages (5.63 mm day⁻¹) measured in the lysimeter was 417 mm compared to the calculated ETc values (5.31 mm day⁻¹) calculated with the standard FAO methodology of 393 mm. The evapotranspiration crop coefficient (Kc) derived from lysimetric measurements was Kc-mid: 1.20 and Kc-end: 0.15. The daily lysimeter Kc values were fit to the evolution linearly related to the green cover fraction (fc), which follows the crop development pattern. Seasonal soil evaporation was estimated as 135 mm and the basal crop coefficient approach was calculated in this study, Kcb which separates crop transpiration from soil evaporation (evaporation coefficient, Ke) was calculated and related to the green cover fraction (fc) and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) obtained by field radiometry in case of wheat. The results obtained by this research will permit the reduction of water use and improvement of water productivity for wheat, which is of vital importance in areas of limited water resources.  相似文献   

射流自吸喷灌泵喷嘴系数的理论推导与试验     

李红  沈振华  刘建瑞  王超  王涛 《排灌机械》2009,27(4):228-231

为了研究射流式自吸喷灌泵射流喷嘴的内特性,利用流体力学基本原理,对射流喷嘴阻力系数、流量系数进行了理论推导.设计了4种不同尺寸的射流喷嘴,对4种喷嘴的阻力系数、流量系数进行了理论计算,得到了不同出口直径下各系数的变化规律.对分别安装4种射流喷嘴的喷灌泵进行了自吸性能的试验.结合试验结果和各系数的变化规律,分析了射流喷嘴阻力系数和流量系数对射流式自吸喷灌泵自吸性能的影响.结果表明,随着喷嘴出口直径的增大,阻力系数减小,流量系数增大,自吸时间缩短,但达到一定程度后,卷吸作用减弱,自吸性能变差.  相似文献   

Rhynchosporium leaf scald disease incidence: seed source and spatial pattern     

C. F. E. Topp  G. Hughes  I. M. Nevison  A. Butler  S. J. P. Oxley  N. D. Havis 《Plant pathology》2019,68(6):1179-1187

A programme of field trials for the study of the winter barley–Rhynchosporium commune pathosystem is reported. The associated seedborne disease rhynchosporium leaf scald is regarded as having an important impact on barley yields. The analysis in this study relates to the impact of the seed source (commercial or farm-saved seed) on disease incidence and to the spatial pattern of rhynchosporium leaf scald disease incidence. Disease incidence data were calculated from field data recorded as disease severity. Mean disease incidence was higher in the crops grown from farm-saved seed than in those grown from commercial seed, although great agronomic significance cannot be attached to this result. The spatial pattern of rhynchosporium leaf scald disease incidence was characterized in terms of the binary power law (BPL) and was indicative of an aggregated pattern. Programme-wide BPL results were described using a novel phytopathological application of a random coefficients model. These results have application in field sampling for rhynchosporium leaf scald disease.  相似文献